Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in weaned piglets     

Min Song  Fenglin Zhang  Lin Chen  Qiang Yang  Han Su  Xiaohua Yang  Haiwen He  Mingfa Ling  Jisong Zheng  Chen Duan  Xumin Lai  Mushui Pan  Xiaotong Zhu  Lina Wang  Ping Gao  Gang Shu  Qingyan Jiang  Songbo Wang 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(2):365

Nutritional diarrhea and subsequent performance degradation in weaned piglets are major challenges for the pig industry. Bile acids (BA) can be added to the diet as emulsifiers. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a major primary BA, on growth performance, serum metabolic profiles and gut health in weaned piglets. A total of 72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and the CDCA groups, which were feed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CDCA for 30 d, respectively. Our results demonstrated that CDCA significantly increased final BW and average daily gain (ADG), decreased feed-to-gain (F:G) ratio and tended to reduce diarrhea incidence. In addition, CDCA increased the villus height-to-crypt depth (V:C) ratio, elevated goblet cell numbers and the expression of tight junction proteins, suggesting the enhancement of intestinal barrier function. As an emulsifier, CDCA increased jejunal lipase activity and the mRNA expression of pancreatic lipases. CDCA supplementation also altered the serum metabolic profiles, including increasing the levels of indole 3-acetic acid, N′-formylkynurenine and theobromine that were beneficial for gut health. Moreover, the relative abundance of 2 beneficial gut bacteria, Prevotella9 and PrevotellaceaeTCG-001, were increased, whereas the relative abundance of a harmful bacteria, Dorea, was decreased in the gut of weaned piglets supplemented with CDCA. Importantly, the altered serum metabolic profiles showed a strong correlation with the changed gut bacteria. In conclusion, CDCA improved the growth performance of weaned piglets by improving intestinal morphology and barrier function, and enhancing lipid digestion, accompanied by alterations of serum metabolic profiles, and changes in relative abundance of certain gut bacteria.  相似文献   

Production performance and plasma metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens fed low crude protein diets differing in Thr and Gly     

Laura Star  Sophie Tesseraud  Marije van Tol  Ilaria Minussi  Etienne Corrent  William Lambert 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(2):472

The aim of the study was to test the interaction between Thr and Gly in low crude protein (CP) diets in 7 to 28 d broilers on production performance and plasma metabolites. A total of 2,040 broilers were allocated to 17 treatments. A positive control (PC) diet (20.5% CP) was formulated to be adequate in dietary Thr and Gly. A negative control (NC) diet (18.5% CP, deficient in Thr and Gly) was supplemented with crystalline l-Thr and Gly to obtain a 4 Thr × 4 Gly design. Dietary Thr was tested at an apparent faecal digestibility (AFD) Thr-to-Lys ratio, which was 55%, 58%, 61% or 64%, and dietary Gly was tested at an AFD (Gly + Ser)-to-Lys ratio, which was 135%, 142%, 149% or 156%. Plasma samples were collected at 28 d. The low CP diet, formulated at 64% Thr and 156% Gly, resulted in a higher body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.01) and similar feed conversion ratio (FCR) as the high CP treatment (PC). FCR was improved (P < 0.001) by l-Thr supplementation. Quadratic response to dietary Thr was significant for feed intake (FI), BWG and FCR (P < 0.01). A near-significant interaction for Thr × Gly was observed for FI and BWG (P_linear = 0.091 and P = 0.074, respectively). Gly did not affect production performance. An interaction between Thr × Gly on plasma free AA level was observed (P < 0.05). Free AA concentration in plasma linearly decreased with increase in AFD Thr-to-Lys ratio, and increased with increase in AFD (Gly + Ser)-to-Lys ratio. Plasma uric acid concentration was higher in PC than in all of the other diets, and plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased by l-Thr supplementation, but not by Gly. In conclusion, Gly was not limiting for growth at low dietary CP level unless Thr was deficient, showing that adequate amounts of Thr in broiler diets can overcome marginal supply of Gly and Ser and allow reduction of dietary CP from 20.5% to 18.5% for broilers from 7 to 28 d of age.  相似文献   

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其两种代谢物在辣椒上的残留          下载免费PDF全文

李诗  程有普  潘兴鲁  董丰收  吴小虎  徐军  郑永权 《植物保护》2023,49(6):171-177

本研究建立并优化了基于超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)同时测定辣椒中溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其代谢物DM-8007和S(PFP-OH)-8007的残留分析方法。样品经过乙腈提取，无水硫酸镁、N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)及石墨化炭黑(GCB)净化。净化样品以甲醇和0.2%甲酸水为流动相，采用C18色谱柱进行分离，并通过电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)扫描，多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量分析。结果表明，溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其两种代谢物在0.01～1 mg/kg范围内与目标化合物的峰面积线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99;在空白辣椒基质中添加溴虫氟苯双酰胺及其两种代谢物，在3个加标水平下回收率为90.8%～97.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.3%～5.7%,定量限(LOQ)为0.01 mg/kg,满足残留分析的要求。采用该方法监测了5%溴虫氟苯双酰胺悬浮剂在湖南、河南、浙江3个地点的消解动态，溴虫氟苯双酰胺在辣椒样品中的消解动态规律符合一级反应动力学方程，在3个地点的半衰期分别为7.7、4.7 d和2.8 d。  相似文献   

植物源功能活性多肽研究进展     

张作达  吴若娜  王琴飞  牛晓磊  张振文 《中国农学通报》2022,38(12):88-94

为了促进开发利用更多植物源功能活性多肽,本文归纳总结了植物源功能活性多肽提取、制备、分离、鉴定和功能验证等方面的研究,比较分析不同研究方法和应用结果的差异,总结了当前植物源功能活性多肽研究主要存在问题,提出今后应在降低提取成本和加强标准体系建设等方面开展工作,为未来植物源功能性多肽研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

Effect of fertilization on the degradation and enantioselectivity of fipronil in soil     

Leihong Zhang  Yirong Zhang  Jindong Li  Yanli Qi  Li Li  Kaikai Qin  Yongyue Lu  Chenglan Liu 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):5283-5291

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小串链霉菌XG40菌株发酵条件优化及其次生代谢产物性质研究          下载免费PDF全文

赖宝春  戴瑞卿  曾天宝  姚锦爱 《中国生物防治学报》2022,38(5):1242-1251

为进一步提高小串链霉菌Streptomyces catenulae XG40对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病的生防效果，通过碳、氮源单因子试验、正交试验和发酵条件优化，以菌浓度和抑菌带宽为指标确定其最佳发酵培养基配方和发酵条件。进一步用乙酸乙酯提取菌株XG40发酵液中的活性物质并测定其理化性质。结果表明，菌株XG40最佳发酵培养基配方为玉米粉50 g/L，黄豆粉9 g/L，酵母粉6 g/L，NaCl 0.5 g/L，K₂HPO₄ 0.5 g/L，MgSO₄.7H₂O 0.5 g/L，FeSO₄.7H₂O 0.01 g/L；最佳发酵条件为初始pH 7.0，温度28 ℃，装液量100 mL/500 mL，接种量7%，转速160 r/min，发酵时间6 d。菌株XG40发酵液的活性物质对蜜柚黑斑病菌菌丝生长有很强的抑制作用，该活性物质较耐酸碱和短时间（180 min）紫外线照射，耐贮性高，但高温对其抗菌活性有一定的影响。小串链霉菌XG40可为开发针对蜜柚黑斑病的生物农药提供新的原材料，其活性物质抑菌效果良好，稳定易保存，可为进一步开发利用奠定基础。  相似文献   

A review of biocontrol agents in controlling late blight of potatoes and tomatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans and the underlying mechanisms     

Weizhen Wang  Youhua Long 《Pest management science》2023,79(12):4715-4725

Phytophthora infestans causes late blight on potatoes and tomatoes, which has a significant economic impact on agriculture. The management of late blight has been largely dependent on the application of synthetic fungicides, which is not an ultimate solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental safety. Biocontrol strategies are expected to be alternative methods to the conventional chemicals in controlling plant diseases in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Well-studied biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and compounds produced by these antagonists, in addition to certain bioactive metabolites produced by plants. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments suggest a potential for using biocontrol in practical late blight disease management. However, the transition of biocontrol to field applications is problematic for the moment, due to low and variable efficacies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on these biocontrol strategies and the underlying corresponding mechanisms. To give a more intuitive understanding of the promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans in agricultural systems, we discuss the utilizations, modes of action and future potentials of these antagonists based on their taxonomic classifications. To achieve a goal of best possible results produced by biocontrol agents, it is suggested to work on field trials, strain modifications, formulations, regulations, and optimizations of application. Combined biocontrol agents having different modes of action or biological adaptation traits may be used to strengthen the biocontrol efficacy. More importantly, biological control agents should be applied in the coordination of other existing and forthcoming methods in the IPM programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

黑木耳主要生物活性成分的作用及其研究开发进展     

张志秀 《食药用菌》2022,(1)

综述黑木耳中主要生物活性成分黑木耳多糖和黑色素的结构特性、提取纯化方法和包括免疫调节、降血糖、抗肿瘤、防辐射、缓解便秘和痔疮等在内的多方面药理作用的研究开发成果。指出黑木耳具有巨大的开发应用前景,是一种潜在的功能性食品、药品原料。  相似文献   

Aspergillus niger produces lethal compounds against nematodes     

Ruizhe Zhang  Zefen Yu  Hexin Cui  Chuwen Ye  Min Qiao 《Pest management science》2023,79(11):4617-4625

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