我国绿豆根瘤菌多样性的研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵龙飞  徐亚军  徐珂  梁峰 《广东农业科学》2012,39(8):31-34

生物固氮是全球长期倡导的一项应用技术,根瘤菌与绿豆植株形成的共生固氮体系,对改善土壤肥力、减少化肥污染,增加生物有效氮源,提高产量和品质等方面发挥着重要作用。针对我国绿豆根瘤菌的多样性、研究技术手段、生物地理分布、接种技术等方面的研究进展进行综述,同时对该研究方向提出了自己的认识和观点,旨在增加人们对绿豆根瘤菌的了解,拓展对绿豆根瘤菌研究与应用的视野。  相似文献   

香蕉枯萎病的离体叶片接种技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭铁成  陈云云  罗静瑶  谢俊  汤华 《广东农业科学》2012,39(10):7-9,封2

香蕉枯萎病是一种毁灭性真菌病害,对香蕉的种植和产业发展危害严重,其病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型(Fusariumoxysporum f.sp.cubense)。为研究该病原菌的致病机理和香蕉的枯萎病抗性机理,对香蕉枯萎病的离体叶片接种方法进行了研究,结果表明:香蕉叶片在离体条件下必须要有伤口才能被侵染发病,枯萎病菌4号小种的菌丝和分生孢子溶于无菌水或者PDB溶液都能引起发病;在一定浓度范围内,发病程度与刺孔数量和细菌浓度成正比;在刺孔条件下,香蕉枯萎病分生孢子浓度为0.9×105个/mL时的接种效果比较显著。  相似文献   

A Resistance Bioassay for Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot and Damping-off Caused by the Anastomosis Groups AG 2-2111B and AG 4 in Sugar Beet     

Carlos Berdugo  Christian Hillnhiitter  Richard Sikora  Erich-Christian Oerke 《农业科学与技术》2012,(3):294-302

  相似文献   

鸭瘟活疫苗外源病毒检验方法（鸡检查法）的修订     

李启红  李俊平 《中国兽药杂志》2012,46(11):9-11

对二〇〇五年版《中华人民共和国兽药典》中鸭瘟活疫苗外源病毒检验的鸡检查法进行了修订,确定选用9-12周龄SPF鸡,在原药典规定方法的基础上增加低剂量基础免疫程序,并用该外源病毒检验方法对5批鸭瘟活疫苗进行了验证,结果表明修订后的鸭瘟活疫苗外源病毒检验方法可靠,可操作性强。  相似文献   

南瓜病毒病接种条件和抗性生理生化指标的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李凤梅  张俊华  崔崇士 《东北农业大学学报》2005,36(3):301-305

通过单因素试验,研究了接种浓度、温度、苗龄对南瓜病毒病接种效果的影响,筛选出南瓜苗期最佳抗性鉴定方法,即植株在子叶期或1片真叶期,25℃,稀释2倍时接种最好,用此法对55份试验材料进行抗性鉴定,筛选出抗性材料5份,17份中抗材料。用一份中抗材料南瓜苗期接种西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2),分析电导率、多酚氧化酶(PP0)、叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明,接种后电导率、PPO活性均是接种植株高于健康植株,而叶绿素含量是接种植株低于健康植株。  相似文献   

菌根接种在油松育苗中生长效应的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚庆智  闫伟 《干旱区资源与环境》2005,19(3):185-188

用人工培养的菌丝体接种剂,对油松一年生播种苗及二年生容器苗进行菌根接种培养。在生长季末期通过对油松幼苗各项生长指标的调查,结果显示,人工菌丝体菌剂可以有效的在育苗生产中发挥作用,接种后的菌根侵染率分别达到58. 6%和85. 5%;接种处理对幼苗产生明显的生长促进效果,接种苗在苗高、地径、根茎比、侧根数、生物量干重等方面均有显著增加,二年生容器苗比一年生播种苗效果更为突出。该研究结果将为油松菌根化育苗技术应用奠定基础。  相似文献   

Mycorrhizal Associations and Their Manipulation for Long-Term Agricultural Stability and Productivity     

《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):285-302

Summary

Mycorrhizae refer to an association (largely symbiotic) between plants and fungi that colonize the cortical root tissue of most agricultural crops during the period of active plant growth. The contribution of these symbioses to plant growth and soil fertility maintenance has been well-recognized for past several years. In spite of these benefits to agriculture, at present, the realization of the full potential of these fungi has not yet been reached. It must also be recognized that recent research on the possible application of the mycorrhizal symbiosis in agriculture has revealed many gaps in knowledge of fungal biology and ecology. Scientific knowledge on the role of these fungi in plant development and protection, soil stabilization, aggregate formation and creation of nutrient reserves is still limited. For efficient use and manipulation of these fungal symbioses for long-term agricultural stability and productivity, our understanding of their physiology, function and interactions with existing crops and environmental conditions should be improved. Besides, effects of different agronomic practices, application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on their ecology and function should be elucidated before their successful utilization in agriculture.

This paper presents information on the morphology of different my-corrhizal fungi, their physiology and functions. Methods presently used to produce mycorrhizal inocula, their application in the field, problems to be resolved for their massive exploitation and future research needs have also been described. References have been selected to explain the recent advances in our understanding on these beneficial fungi.  相似文献   

快速鉴定瓜类疫病抗性方法的建立及黄瓜种质资源鉴定     

王瑞  林毓娥  杜虎  金庆敏  杨晓珊  吴廷全 《广东农业科学》2019,46(10):13-18

【目的】为方便研究瓜类疫病,快速筛选抗疫病的瓜类材料,建立快速安全有效的瓜类疫病抗性鉴定体系。【方法】通过灌根、喷雾、浸根、菌块离体接种等4种接种方法对黄瓜抗病材料和感病材料幼苗进行接种,通过比较发病率、发病时间及操作程序等确定最简便有效的鉴定方法。【结果】4种接种方法均能鉴定黄瓜疫病抗感情况,但是鉴定效果差异显著。浸根法、喷雾法、灌根法接种合适浓度均为10~2个孢子/mL,操作复杂,接种效率低。菌块离体接种方法利用2 mm直径菌块直接接种于离体子叶背面,放置于有润湿滤纸的培养皿中,保湿24 h即可观察表型,通过计算病斑大小快速鉴定瓜类材料的抗性;利用该方法对40份不同抗性的黄瓜材料进行鉴定,发现栽培黄瓜抗疫病材料极少,只有PE40、PE119、PE120、PE185等4份材料具有抗性,90%的材料均为感病或高感。【结论】菌块子叶离体接种法是瓜类疫病鉴定的快捷有效方法,该方法无需诱孢,能够一次性鉴定数百份材料,且能够保存感病材料或中间材料,大大提高鉴定效率,为瓜类疫病抗性育种奠定基础。  相似文献   

华山新麦草易位系抗黄矮病的鉴定     

吴宽  牛永浩  康克功  赵磊  吴云锋 《麦类作物学报》2019,(7):783-786

小麦黄矮病在田间由麦蚜传播大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)感染引起。为给优质抗BYDV小麦新品种提供重要种质资源,采用堆测法种植材料,利用饲毒蚜虫接种病毒BYDV-GAV的方式,对27份华山新麦草易位系材料进行了抗病性鉴定,比较了接种病毒后各材料的病情指数及其千粒重。结果表明,27份华山新麦草易位系中,5份材料的病情指数介于13.56～18.89,表现为抗BYDV-GAV;9份材料的病情指数是介于27.78～48.89,表现为感BYDV-GAV;其余13份材料的病情指数均大于50.0,表现高感BYDV-GAV。不同华山新麦草易位系对BYDV-GAV抗性差异较大,筛选出的5份抗黄矮病材料可为培育优质抗病毒新品种提供重要种质资源。  相似文献   

Differential structure and physiological response to canker challenge between ‘Meiwa’ kumquat and ‘Newhall’ navel orange with contrasting resistance     

Yin Wang  Xing-Zheng Fu  Ji-Hong Liu  Ni Hong 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting citrus production. ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) and ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis) are two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance. In the current study, efforts were made to perform pairwise comparison between them in terms of structural difference and biochemical response to Xcc attack. Pinprick inoculation demonstrated that ‘Meiwa’ had lower disease incidence rate and smaller lesion size, concurrent with significantly less bacterial number at the inoculation sites relative to ‘Newhall’. Microscopic observation demonstrated that stomatal density and size of ‘Meiwa’ were significantly smaller than ‘Newhall’. Stomatal apertures of ‘Meiwa’ were smaller than ‘Newhall’ measured at 2 h after their leaves were immersed in Xcc suspension, consistent with the bacteria number in the internal tissues counted at 4 d. Epicuticular wax content of ‘Meiwa’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Newhall’, while no difference in palisade and spongy tissue was observed between them. Enzymatic activity assay showed that after Xcc inoculation, ‘Meiwa’ exhibited significantly higher activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in comparison with ‘Newhall’ at most of the sampling time points. Our data showed that the two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance exhibited clear difference in the structure and physiological response, which may provide information to facilitate our understanding of Xcc resistance.  相似文献