Current progress in studying blackleg disease (Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa) of canola in Iran: Where do we stand now?     

Ali Zamanmirabadi  Roghayeh Hemmati  Aria Dolatabadian  Jacqueline Batley 《Plant pathology》2022,71(2):239-250

Blackleg, caused by a complex of Leptosphaeria species (L. maculans and L. biglobosa), is a fungal disease on Brassica species, especially important in canola (Brassica napus). Since the first report of L. biglobosa in Iran in 2007 and L. maculans in 2008, both species are now of major importance in Iran affecting 10 provinces and 30 regions, with a higher prevalence in the northern provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan. Despite the rapid progression of the disease and the emergence of new Leptosphaeria races in Iran, the research into this pathogen has not progressed at the same rate and is limited to phenotypic characterization studies, pathogenicity research, and to a lesser extent, disease management research. Given the rapid increase in canola cultivation in Iran and changes in the genetic diversity of the pathogen populations, it is likely that blackleg disease will increasingly become a severe threat to Iran’s canola production. Therefore, systematic and prospective studies, along with fundamental research on the pathogen's biology, epidemiology, and genetic diversity, would provide critical information for the development of disease management strategies. Here, we review the research that has been carried out to date on blackleg disease in Iran and describe the extent of progress towards disease control, especially in disease-prone regions.  相似文献   

Relationship between severity of blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa species complex) and subsequent primary inoculum production on oilseed rape stubble     

E. Lô-Pelzer  J. N. Aubertot  O. David  M. H. Jeuffroy  L. Bousset 《Plant pathology》2009,58(1):61-70

The relationship between severity of blackleg, or phoma stem canker ( Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa ), and subsequent primary inoculum production on oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) stubble was investigated at two sites in France over 3 years. The quantity of primary inoculum produced in the following year increased with canker severity, from 1·9 to 10·8 pseudothecia cm⁻² on stubble with the least and most severe cankers, respectively. Stubble incubated at Le Rheu (cooler, more rain) had 1·7 times more pseudothecia than stubble incubated at Grignon. Stubble collected at Grignon had 2·7 times more pseudothecia than that collected at Le Rheu. The use of Darmor, a cultivar with a good level of quantitative resistance, reduced the severity of canker in the field, but not the subsequent inoculum production for stubble of the same canker severity class. At both sites, maturation of pseudothecia occurred after 63–75 days of incubation and increased with canker severity with a mean of 0·5 and 3% mature pseudothecia appearing per favourable day, on stubble with the least and most severe cankers, respectively. A simplified procedure for pseudothecial quantification proved satisfactory: for all three observers, most (91–96%) of the fructifications counted as pseudothecia were real pseudothecia. Only a few (4–14%) of the fructifications considered as non-pseudothecia were in fact pseudothecia of L. maculans . The total area occupied by pseudothecia, which was simpler and faster to evaluate, was correlated (coefficient of determination, R ² = 71%) with the number of counted pseudothecia. The results presented here make it possible to forecast the quantity of available primary inoculum for a given disease severity.  相似文献   

Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

J. S. West †  P. D. Kharbanda  M. J. Barbetti  B. D. L. Fitt 《Plant pathology》2001,50(1):10-27

Phoma stem canker (blackleg), caused by Leptosphaeria maculans , is an important disease on oilseed rape (canola, rapeseed, Brassica napus , Brassica juncea , Brassica rapa ) causing seedling death, lodging or early senescence in Australia, Canada and Europe, but not in China. The two forms of L. maculans (A group and B group) that occur on oilseed rape are now considered to be separate species. The epidemiology and severity of phoma stem canker differs between continents due to differences in the pathogen population structure, oilseed rape species and cultivars grown, climate and agricultural practices. Epidemics are most severe in Australia, where only the A group occurs, and can be damaging in Canada and western Europe, where both A and B groups occur, although their proportions vary within regions and throughout the year. Epidemics are slight in China, where the A group has not been found. Dry climates (Australia, western Canada) lengthen the persistence of infected debris and may synchronize the release of airborne ascospores (after rain) with seedling emergence. L. maculans spreads from cotyledon and leaf infections down petioles to reach the stem, with infections on cotyledons and leaves early in the season producing the most damaging stem cankers at the stem base (crown). Development of both crown cankers and phoma stem lesions higher up stems is most rapid in regions with high temperatures from flowering to harvest, such as Australia and Canada. Breeding for resistance (genetic, disease escape or tolerance), stubble management, crop rotation and fungicide seed treatments are important strategies for control of phoma stem canker in all areas. Fungicide spray treatments are justified only in regions such as western Europe where high yields are obtained, and accurate forecasts of epidemic severity are needed to optimize their use.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the use of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles in combination with canola meal on broiler performance and carcass characteristics     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2012,21(4):776-787

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Oxidative Stability of a Cod-Canola Oil Model System     

《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):37-45

ABSTRACT

The oxidative stability of a cod muscle-canola oil model system as affected by the order of tocopherol and canola oil addition to the cod muscle was studied. Oxidation was monitored by the measurement of TBARS and sensory score. The addition oftocopherol to the cod muscle before oil addition significantly (p < 0.01) increased the oxidative stability of the model system compared to the reverse order of addition. Irrespective of the order of tocopherol and canola oil addition, 300 ppm tocopherol significantly increased (p < 0.01) the oxidative stability of the model system compared to 100 ppm tocopherol.  相似文献   

Use of combinations of canola meal and distillers dried grains with solubles in broiler starter diets     

《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2009,18(4):725-733

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Incidence,pathogenicity and diversity of Alternaria spp. associated with alternaria leaf spot of canola (Brassica napus) in Australia     

H. F. D. Al-Lami  M. P. You  M. J. Barbetti 《Plant pathology》2019,68(3):492-503

Studies were undertaken to determine Alternaria spp. associated with leaf spot symptoms on canola (Brassica napus) in two cropping seasons (2015, 2016) across southern Australia. Major allergen Alt a1 and plasma membrane ATPase genes were used to identify Alternaria spp. In 2015, 112 isolates of seven Alternaria spp. were obtained, with A. metachromatica predominating. In 2016, 251 isolates of 12 Alternaria spp. were obtained, with A. infectoria predominating. Alternaria spp. isolates were morphologically and phylogenetically identified and studies to determine their pathogenicity on both B. napus (cv. Thunder TT) and B. juncea (cv. Dune) confirmed 10 species (A. alternata, A. arborescens, A. brassicae, A. ethzedia, A. hordeicola, A. infectoria, A. japonica, A. malvae, A. metachromatica and A. tenuissima) as pathogenic on both Brassica species. Alternaria ethzedia, A. hordeicola and A. malvae were recorded for the first time in Australia on any host and the record of A. arborescens was the first for New South Wales (NSW) and South Australia (SA). Other first records included A. infectoria on B. napus in NSW; A. japonica on B. napus in NSW and Western Australia (WA); A. metachromatica on any host in NSW, Victoria (VIC), WA and SA; and A. tenuissima on B. napus in NSW, SA and WA. It is evident that alternaria leaf spot on canola across southern Australia is not solely caused by A. brassicae, but that a range of other Alternaria spp. are also involved to varying degrees, depending upon the year and the geographic locality.  相似文献   

菜籽饼中多酚类物质的脱除及蛋白质提取与分离研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙智达 《华中农业大学学报》1999,18(4):394-396

油菜在中国和加拿大都是非常重要的经济作物。菜籽饼中蛋白质含量在２８％￣４５％之间,但与含大量抗营养物质,其中多酚类物质对蛋白质的色泽影响较大,到目前为止,它仅能部分难们用来作为动物饲料。  相似文献   

未来油菜品质改良趋势分析     

Scart  R 《华中农业大学学报》1999,18(6):505-508

新技术的发展使油料作物各种品质遗传改良成为可能。目前油菜产业面临的挑战是平衡各种脂肪酸水平,使其构成适应商业需要。在国际市场上,亚麻、向日葵和大豆等油料作物是油菜的竞争者,使得改良油菜品质迫在眉捷。北美产品登记管理要求将脂肪酸的饱和程度降至７％以下,以获得低饱和脂肪酸的油菜商标,这将为扩大油菜的市场份额起重要作用。油菜品质改良的另一方面要求源于营养考虑,它要求一种和多种不饱和脂肪酸达到人类需求的水  相似文献   

微生物菌剂对油枯堆肥过程中理化性质的影响研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

李成学  郭建芳  何忠俊  王晶  谢春琼 《农业环境科学学报》2011,30(2)

以油枯为基本原料,采用好氧堆肥方式进行堆肥试验,研究了添加4种不同微生物菌剂的条件下,油枯-稻壳-甘蔗渣堆肥体系中pH、C/N、水溶性NO3-N、水溶性NH<'+><,4>-N中的动态变化规律及菌剂对高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响.结果表明,添加菌剂能有效缩短堆肥到达高温的时间,延长高温分解阶段,加快物料水溶性NH<'+><,4>-N和C/N降低,pH和水溶性NO;一N含量升高,加快了油枯堆肥腐熟化进程.添加VT菌剂的堆肥处理相比其他在堆肥15 d后最先进入高温分解阶段,高温持续时间为10 d,提早5 d腐熟,水溶性NH<'+><,4>-N含量从71.41 mg·kg-1增加到887.4 mg·kg-1,C/N的降低有效促进了NH<'+><,4>-N向NH<'+><,3>-N的转化,加快了油枯堆肥化进程,有助于提高堆肥腐熟化程度,说明添加VT菌剂的堆肥腐熟效果相对显著.  相似文献