Carbofuran occupational dermal toxicity, exposure and risk assessment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gammon DW  Liu Z  Becker JM 《Pest management science》2012,68(3):362-370

BACKGROUND: Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide that inhibits AChE. Although toxic by ingestion in mammals, it has low dermal toxicity, with relatively few confirmed worker illnesses. This risk assessment describes its time of onset, time to peak effect and time to recovery in rats using brain AChE inhibition in acute and 21 day dermal studies; in vitro rat/human relative dermal absorption for granular (5G) and liquid (4F) formulations; occupational exposure estimates using the Pesticide Handlers' Exposure Database and Agricultural Handlers' Exposure Database (PHED/AHED). RESULTS: The point of departure for acute risk calculation (BMDL₁₀) was 6.7 mg kg^?1 day^?1 for brain AChE inhibition after 6 h exposure. In a 21 day study, the BMDL₁₀ was 6.8 mg kg^?1 day^?1, indicating reversibility. At 75 mg kg^?1 day^?1, time of onset was ?30 min and time to peak effect was 6–12 h. Rat skin had ca tenfold greater dermal absorption of carbofuran (Furadan^® 5G or 4F) than human skin. Exposure estimates for 5G in rice and 4F in ten crops had adequate margins of exposure (>100). CONCLUSION: Rat dermal carbofuran toxicity was assessed in terms of dose and time‐related inhibition of AChE. Comparative dermal absorption in rats was greater than in humans. Worker exposure estimates indicated acceptable risk for granular and liquid formulations of carbofuran. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

克百威、乐果在陆生微宇宙土芯中的降解和淋溶研究     

程燕  周军英  续卫利  叶凤娇  单正军 《农药科学与管理》2012,(8):29-34

通过陆生微宇宙土芯淋溶试验研究克百威、乐果在常州水稻土和海安高砂土2种土壤中的降解和淋溶特性。结果表明:在整个实验周期,克百威、乐果在高砂土、水稻土不同土层中的含量依次为0~1010~3030~60cm;施药后2h淋溶,2种农药在水样中的检出浓度均较高;就2种农药对比而言,乐果在淋溶水样中浓度降低较为迅速,14d时淋溶水样中就未检出,而克百威在14d时仍有检出。受试农药的理化性质、降解特性及受试土壤的理化性等因素能很好地诠释试验结果。研究一方面可为这2种农药的科学使用提供参考,另一方面,为陆生微宇宙系统的开发、应用提供借鉴。  相似文献   

土壤中克百威残留检测直接竞争ELISA试剂盒的研制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

吴慧明  杨挺  朱国念 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2003,29(6):634-638

研制了一种用于检测土壤中克百威残留量的直接竞争ELISA(酶联免疫分析技术)试剂盒,研究结果表明:该试剂盒的最低检测限为0.01 mg/L,线性检测范围为0.01～10 mg/L,4种水样的批内、批间、整体变异系数均低于7.72%,回收率的范围在93.97%～97.92%.试剂盒在4 ℃或-20 ℃下至少可保存6个月以上.  相似文献   

光合细菌减少蔬菜中Pb、Cd及呋喃丹污染的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

白红娟  肖根林  贾万利 《中国土壤与肥料》2013,(2):94-99

采用盆栽试验,对Pb、Cd及呋喃丹复合污染的不同土壤样品施加光合细菌,研究其对不同蔬菜中污染物含量及富集系数的影响。结果表明,土壤样品施加光合细菌液后,试验蔬菜中呋喃丹均未检出,南瓜、丝瓜、西葫芦中铅和镉均未检出;其它蔬菜中Pb的超标倍数降低近10倍,Cd的超标倍数降低近100倍;蔬菜中Pb的富集系数基本均降低10倍,Cd的富集系数基本均降低100倍,呋喃丹均未富集。污染土壤施加光合细菌种植的蔬菜,瓜类蔬菜(南瓜、丝瓜、西葫芦)中Pb、Cd达到蔬菜污染物限量标准(GB 14935-94和GB 15201-94);试验蔬菜中呋喃丹均达到蔬菜污染物限量标准(GB 2763-2005)。试验表明,光合细菌能明显降低蔬菜对土壤Pb、Cd及呋喃丹吸收能力,有效地保证瓜类蔬菜食品安全性。  相似文献   

Sublethal effects of a carbamate pesticide on pheromonal mediated endocrine function in mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr     

C.P. Waring  A. Moore 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):203-211

The sublethal effect of the carbamate pesticide carbofuran on the priming pheromonal system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated that ovulated female salmon release a priming pheromone in their urine (considered to be an F-type prostaglandin) which is subsequently detected by mature male salmon and results in increased levels of plasma sex steroids and expressible milt. In the present study, electrophysiological recordings from the olfactory epithelium of mature male salmon parr indicated that the responses to prostaglandin F₂ (PGF₂) were significantly reduced at nominal concentrations of carbofuran as low as 1.0 µg l^-1, and the threshold of detection was reduced 10-fold. A 5 day exposure to carbofuran significantly reduced the ability of male parr to respond to PGF₂ stimulation. The priming effect of PGF₂ on milt and plasma 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one levels were abolished at water concentrations at and above 2.7 µg l^-1. In addition, the priming effect of PGF₂ on plasma testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone concentrations was abolished at water carbofuran concentrations above 6.5 µg l^-1. Exposure to similar concentrations of carbofuran also resulted in a reduction in the levels of free and glucuronidated steroids in the bile of PGF₂ primed male parr. The effect of carbofuran on the priming response did not appear to be due to a direct effect on the testes, since the ability of testes to respond to pituitary extract stimulation in vitro was not impaired in carbofuran-exposed males. Carbofuran appeared to reduce significantly or abolish the priming pheromonal system in mature male parr by directly affecting the ability of the olfactory system to detect PGF₂, although the toxicological mechanism involved is as yet unknown. The results are therefore discussed in relation to the possible sublethal effects of carbofuran on reproduction in the Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

25％福美双·克百威·萎锈灵悬浮种衣剂液相色谱分析     

刘海燕  朱国维 《农药科学与管理》2002,23(5):8-9

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以C18为固定相,甲醇+水为流动相,用紫外检测器定量测定混剂中福美双、克百威和萎锈灵的含量。本方法的变异系数分别为0.11%、0.01%、0.03%;标准偏差分别为0.013、0.007、0.021;平均回收率分别为99.35%、99.17%、99.60%;线性相关系数分别为0.9996、0.9989、0.9994。  相似文献   

克百威对我国东北地区国家重点保护鸟类的危害可能性评估   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑允文  蔡道基 《农药科学与管理》1996,17(3):11-15

本文综述了高效广谱杀虫剂克百威的使用风险及其农业应用价值。分析了它对我国东北地区国家重点保护鸟类可能造成的影响，研究发现，８５％以上国家重点保护鸟类有较大可能受到克百威的危害，并分析讨论了拟采取的决策。  相似文献   

高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定小麦和土壤中的丁硫克百威及其代谢物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张圆圆  李二虎  张武  赵瑞  李桂红  仇薇 《农药科学与管理》2014,35(11):32-35

建立高效液相色谱-四级杆串联质谱快速测定小麦植株、土壤和麦粒中的丁硫克百威、克百威以及土壤中3-羟基克百威的检测方法。样品经提取、分散固相萃取净化后采用同位素内标法进行多反应监测模式测定。结果表明,该方法目标物在三种基质中的定量限为5μg/kg,回收率在73.7%~98.6%之间,变异系数在1.3%~3.3%之间,满足残留检测方法的要求。  相似文献   

Amino acid substitutions of acetylcholinesterase associated with carbofuran resistance in Chilo suppressalis     

Cheng Chang  Xuan Cheng  Xin‐Yi Huang  Shu‐Mei Dai 《Pest management science》2014,70(12):1930-1935

  相似文献   

好年冬在土壤和苹果中残留测定方法的研究     

黄士忠  李治祥  凌联银  赵玉钢  陈延年 《农业环境科学学报》1998,(5)

报道了好年冬、呋喃丹和三羟基呋喃丹在土壤和苹果中的残留测定方法。样品以甲醇提取,二氯甲烷萃取,气相色谱ＮＰＤ测定,最小检测量分别为２．５×１０－１１ｇ、１．６×１０－１１ｇ和７．４×１０－９ｇ。土壤和苹果的最低检测浓度分别为０．００６、０．００４、０．００２ｍｇ／ｋｇ及０．００４、０．００３、０．０１ｍｇ／ｋｇ;添加标准品的回收率和变异系数分别为８９．５３％—１００．２７％和１．６１％—５．０１％。  相似文献