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排序方式: 共有6774条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
生草园捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽的人工操纵技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在北京巨山农场果园中,分别在6月初和6月中旬,刈割苹果树行间的紫花苜蓿并将其放在树冠下后,东亚小花蝽既向割草区周围的紫花苜蓿上扩散,也向割草区苹果树上迁移。割草后3天,割草区周围紫花苜蓿上小花蝽数量增加20%~119%,其增加量随距割草区距离的增加而减少,割草区苹果树冠上小花蝽数量比割草前增加2~3倍,蝽螨比可提高14倍,树冠小花蝽增加的数量受小花蝽扩散能力和割草时间的影响。试验结果表明,适时刈割苹果园中的紫花苜蓿,对控制害螨有明显的作用 相似文献
92.
The dose-response curve was quantified for the avian repellency of cinnamamide, a derivative of the plant secondary compound cinnamic acid, using a three-day, ‘short-term no-choice’ test. This test was designed to resemble more closely the availability of alternative food in the birds' natural environment than in previous no-choice studies. Cinnamamide reduced food consumption by feral pigeons (Columba livia Gmelin) at concentrations as low as 6.17 μmole g?1 food (0.09% w/w) and this reduction increased with concentration. An R50 index, the concentration at which food consumption was reduced by 50% was interpolated from the dose-response curve as 18.4 (±0.38) μmole g?1 food 10.26% w/w). This index can now be matched with those of related compounds in future structure-activity studies. The birds' response to cinnamamide changed over the three-day trial with respect to concentration. Repellency declined at concentrations < R50 and increased at concentrations > R50. This suggests that pigeons become habituated to cinnamamide at low concentrations but at high concentrations they may develop a conditioned aversion. This study provides quantitative confirmation of previous laboratory and field demonstrations of cinnamamide's effectiveness as a non-lethal chemical repellent suitable for reducing avian pest damage. 相似文献
93.
本文提出了一种新的多变量有约束非线性函数的寻优方法——单纯形一正反步长法(SSPSS)。文中详细阐述了该方法的搜索策略和具体步骤。同时,通过实例比较了相对步长模拟法的优点。 相似文献
94.
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96.
七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少.随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加.且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化.指导麦田蚜虫防治。 相似文献
97.
根据比较优势理论,应用综合比较优势指数法对吉林省玉米、水稻、大豆三种主要粮食作物在1997-2005年间的比较优势变动趋势进行了分析,其结果表明:三种作物中,玉米具有明显的比较优势,大豆次之,水稻则处于劣势,但呈现出稳步上升的趋势;并在此基础上提出了吉林省主要粮食作物结构调整的建议。 相似文献
98.
农作物秸秆是农业生产的主要副产品,也是工农业生产的重要资源。本文介绍了农作物秸秆综合利用概况,论述了当前农作物秸秆综合利用的技术方法,提出了农作物秸秆未来综合开发利用的基本途径。 相似文献
99.
Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tiago Pedreira dos Santos Carlos M. Lopes M. Lucília Rodrigues Claudia R. de Souza Jorge M. Ricardo-da-Silva João P. Maroco João S. Pereira M. Manuela Chaves 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI. 相似文献
100.
Simulation study of the competitive ability of erect, semi-erect and prostrate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Ecophysiological simulation models provide a quantitative method to predict the effects of management practices, plant characteristics and environmental factors on crop and weed growth and competition. The INTERCOM interplant competition model was parameterised, calibrated by monoculture data for three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes that differed in growth habit, common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and used to simulate competition of cowpea cover crops with sunflower or purslane. The simulation results were compared with observations from field competition experiments in 2003 and 2004. INTERCOM more accurately simulated actual field data for the competition of cowpea genotypes and sunflower than companion field experiments for the competition of cowpea and purslane. The validated simulation model of cowpea and sunflower at two densities was used to study the effects of cowpea growth habit on final biomass production of cowpea and sunflower. The model suggested that erect growth habit was more competitive than semi‐erect and prostrate growth habit, when cowpea genotypes were grown with sunflower. Cowpea leaf area distribution was important to higher cowpea biomass production, while cowpea height growth was important to reduce sunflower biomass. Our simulation approach is suggested as a method for crop breeders to gauge the likely success of selection for competitive crops before undertaking expensive long‐term breeding experiments. 相似文献