反刍动物过瘤胃淀粉研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱森阳  汪国和  贾志海 《中国饲料》2005,(13):2-4

过瘤胃淀粉是高产反刍动物葡萄糖的重要来源之一。本文阐述了过瘤胃淀粉在反刍动物营养中的作用,以及提高饲料过瘤胃淀粉比例的处理方法,并根据近年来的应用研究状况,提出了过瘤胃淀粉在应用中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。  相似文献   

Influence of the physical and chemical properties of soil on the retention process of isoxaflutole and its two main derivatives     

E Beltran  H Fenet  J F Cooper†  & C M Coste† 《Weed Research》2002,42(5):385-393

Isoxaflutole is a new pre‐emergence herbicide for use in maize and sugarcane. Its two main derivatives are a diketonitrile derivative, the 2‐cyano‐3‐cyclopropyl‐1‐(2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)propan‐1,3‐dione, named DKN, and a benzoic acid derivative, the 2‐methanesulfonyl‐4‐trifluoromethylbenzoic acid, named BA. The adsorption/desorption processes have never been studied for isoxaflutole (IFT) at high concentrations nor for BA, and the present work aimed at completing the knowledge of the behaviour of these three molecules in conditions close to those encountered in the context of agricultural use. The adsorption/desorption study was conducted on seven soils of different physical and chemical properties, using the batch equilibrium technique. During the experiments, IFT was chemically converted into DKN in a continuous manner. This reaction appeared to be dependent on the pH of the soil and was taken into account in the calculations of the adsorbed and desorbed amounts. The adsorption isotherms obtained were predominantly C‐shaped for IFT and DKN and S‐shaped for BA, but some differences appeared on a few soils. They fitted well the Freundlich equation, and the values of the Freundlich coefficient K_fa showed that, whatever the soil, IFT was more adsorbed than its two derivatives. The main parameter influencing the adsorption of IFT appeared to be the organic matter content, whereas this effect was not evident for DKN and BA. No correlation was found between the extent of adsorption and either clay content or pH of the soil, for the three molecules.  相似文献   

环境条件和微生物对灭线磷降解的影响   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：15  

吴春先  吕潇  慕卫  慕立义  陈子雷 《农药学学报》2002,4(1):45-51

环境条件和微生物影响灭线磷在土壤中的降解。随着土壤含水量和温度的增加,灭线磷的降解速度加快;微生物对灭线磷的降解有显著影响,30℃、含水量为40%条件下,未灭菌土中灭线磷的半衰期为16.6 d,灭菌土中灭线磷的半衰期为31.6 d;有机质对灭线磷的降解也有显著影响,有机质含量高,有利于灭线磷的降解;灭线磷在碱性土壤中的降解快于在酸性土壤中;30℃、含水量为40%条件下,灭线磷在3种土壤中的降解速度为:东北黑土＞广东红土＞山东砂壤土。  相似文献   

干旱区绿洲荒漠交错带土地退化及生态重建   总被引：20，自引：15，他引：20  

唐立松  张佳宝  程心俊  高新莲  杜恩昊 《干旱区研究》2002,19(3):43-48

由于经济的发展，土地资源受到越来越大的压力。当这种压力超过了土地资源的承载能力，就导致了土地退化的发生。作为陆地生态系统的基础，土地资源的退化表现为：土壤肥力降低，生物多样性降低，以及伴随的经济发展的落后。当前世界范围内对土地退化的治理，基本方法仍是基于生态学理论的生物方法。但对土地退化的恢复与生态系统的重建的研究，需要经过谨慎设计的长期实验。绿洲荒漠交错带的重要性，不仅表现为是绿洲的保护屏障，而且在绿洲经济的发展中也起到巨大的作用。通过对国内外大量研究的回顾，讨论了在不同地区进行的长期实验所采用的方法。有人为因素参与的退化土地恢复与生态重建，可以在短期内取得明显效果。产生土地退化的原因，不仅仅是土地资源特点与自然环境这样一些自然因素，还包括一些社会与经济因素。因此退化土地的恢复与生态重建的成功，需要一种考虑自然、社会和经济因素的综合的方法。  相似文献   

根结线虫的研究现状   总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50  

赵鸿  彭德良  朱建兰 《植物保护》2003,29(6):6-9

概述了根结线虫的发生分布和传统分类鉴定,以及分子生物学技术(同工酶电泳技术、DNA重组技术、PCR技术)在根结线虫种和生理小种鉴定中的运用及其防治,并对生物防治及抗根结线虫育种、转基因工程在植物线虫学研究领域上的应用前景作了展望。  相似文献   

小麦苗枯病菌的ITS分析及PCR检测   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

葛芸英  郭坚华 《植物病理学报》2003,33(3):198-202

 小麦苗枯病菌(Clavibacter fangii,Cf)是引起小麦细菌性苗枯病的病原,本研究用16S~23S rDNA间的内源转录间隔区(internally transcribed spacer,ITS)序列通用引物L1(5'-AGTCGTAACAAGGTAGCCGT-3')和L2(5'-GTGCCAAGGCATCCACC-3')扩增Cf和其它相关细菌的基因组DNA;并对其PCR产物进行回收、克隆和测序,将所获序列和其它已报道的细菌ITS序列进行多重比较后设计出Cf的特异性引物I1(5'-TGCCAAGTCACACTGAGACGA-3')和I2(5'-CAATGATCTACCACCCTCCGA-3')。此引物可以从Cf中扩增出351bp的特异性片段,而其余参试的21个细菌PCR反应结果均为阴性。该方法可以应用于小麦苗枯病菌的快速、可靠检测。此外,本研究对多种植物病原棒形杆菌的ITS序列进行比较研究,发现其具有一定的分类意义。  相似文献   

盐池半荒漠风沙区土地沙漠化发生发展规律的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙德祥  王北 《干旱区资源与环境》1997,11(3):47-52

本文耐盐池半荒漠风沙区土地沙漠化发生发展规律进行了探讨，主要分析了在土地沙漠化的过程中土壤和植被的变化过程及其成因。  相似文献   

干旱指数及其在青海东部旱区特征分析上的应用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

缪祥辉 《干旱地区农业研究》2004,22(2):136-141,153

在土壤水分平衡关系分析的基础上,提出了分析和评估旱害的5项指标:贫水指数、凋萎指数、降水指数、综合指数和干旱指数,并依据干旱指数对乐都浅山地区1961～1999年的粮食生产进行了年型分类。结果为:39a间共发生特大旱1a,大旱年3a,中旱年19a,轻旱年11a,平水年5a;发生机率分别为2.6%、7.69%、48.72%、26.21%、12.82%。同时认为青海东部地区旱区作物需水和耗水参数矛盾突出,干旱几乎年年发生,具有明显的难以预测性、多变性和不可控性。  相似文献   

Landscape metrics with ecotones: pattern under uncertainty   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Arnot  P.F. Fisher  R. Wadsworth  J. Wellens 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(2):181-195

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Effect of recent cropping history and herbicide use on the degradation rates of isoproturon in soils     

A Walker  & C R Austin† 《Weed Research》2004,44(1):5-11

Five soil samples were taken from each of five fields with different crop management histories. Three of the fields were in an arable rotation, the fourth field was temporary grassland, and the final field was under permanent grass. Of the three arable fields, two had been cropped with winter wheat in three of the preceding 6 years, and the third had last been cropped with winter wheat once only, 6 years previously. With one exception, the winter wheat had been sprayed with the herbicide isoproturon. The rate of isoproturon degradation in laboratory incubations was strongly related to the previous management practices. In the five soils from the field that had been treated most regularly with isoproturon in recent years, <2.5% of the initial dose remained after 14 days, indicating considerable enhancement of degradation. In the soils from the field with two applications of the herbicide in the past 6 years, residues after 27 days varied from 5% to 37% of the amount applied. In soils from the other three sites, residue levels were less variable, and were inversely related to microbial biomass. In studies with selected soils from the field that had received three applications of isoproturon in the previous 6 years, kinetics of degradation were not first‐order but were indicative of microbial adaptation, and the average time to 50% loss of the herbicide (DT₅₀) was 7.5 days. In selected soils from the field that had received just one application of isoproturon, degradation followed first‐order kinetics, indicative of cometabolism. Pre‐incubation of isoproturon in soil from the five fields led to significant enhancement of degradation only in the samples from the two fields that had a recent history of isoproturon application.  相似文献