植物免疫诱抗剂对黄瓜白粉病的防治试验     

王胤  李锦  张欣颖  李云龙  胡彬  孙海  郑建秋  曹金娟  王俊侠 《蔬菜》2021,(3):39-42

为明确植物免疫诱抗剂对黄瓜白粉病的田间防治效果,选择不同浓度5%氨基寡糖素水剂开展病害防治试验,并以0.5%几丁聚糖水剂为生物药剂对照,以42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺悬浮剂为化学药剂对照,以清水为空白对照。结果显示:5%氨基寡糖素水剂667 m²用量30 mL对黄瓜白粉病具有较好的防治效果,第1次施药后7 d防效达76.1%,推荐在病害发生初期间隔7 d连续施用2~3次。  相似文献   

瓜类蔬菜白粉病抗性诱导及抗性遗传研究进展     

甘露  马含月  高京草  张显 《中国瓜菜》2021,(3)

瓜类蔬菜作为世界各地重要的蔬菜种类,多年来深受白粉病危害和影响,抗性诱导是减轻其危害的有效技术途径。笔者简要概述了瓜类白粉病抗性诱导及抗性遗传的研究进展,主要从生物因子、化学因子和物理因子诱导途径,以及瓜类白粉病抗性基因和抗性分子标记开发与应用等方面综述了近年来的研究成果,并对今后的研究方向提出展望。  相似文献   

福建省水稻霜霉病诊断和病原鉴定     

刘娟  张绍升 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,42(2)

水稻霜霉病诊断特征为植株矮缩,叶片黄化、产生黄褐色条斑.利用显微镜检查染色病组织内的病原菌藏卵器和卵孢子,通过观察病原菌的培养性状、形态特征和致病性测定,该病原菌被鉴定为大孢指疫霉水稻变种.  相似文献   

利用卡那霉素筛选野罂粟转基因植株的技术研究     

雒淑珍  魏玉杰  赵继荣  常英  李彦荣 《广东农业科学》2010,37(2):170-171

待供试转基因和非转基因野罂粟植株长至5～7片叶时,用微型喷雾器将不同浓度的卡那霉素溶液均匀喷施于叶片上,结果显示浓度为6.5g/L的处理表现效果最好。对于大田筛选转基因野罂粟,在苗期对叶片喷施6.5g/L卡那霉素溶液喷雾,并对产生黄斑的野罂粟植株进行剔除后,拔节期用7.5g/L卡那霉素溶液连续5d涂抹后,对产生黄斑的植株进行再次剔除,最终得到30株未见黄斑的野罂粟植株,经PCR进行检测后,最终得到8株野罂粟转基因植株。  相似文献   

Effect of Temperature on the Induction of Bud Dormancy in Ecotypes of Betula pubescens and Betula pendula     

《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):208-217

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of temperature applied during short day-induced budset on induction of dormancy in six ecotypes of Betula pubescens Ehrh. and two ecotypes of Betula pendula Roth. Seedlings were grown in a phytotron at constant temperatures of 9–21°C under a 12 h photoperiod (SD) during dormancy induction. Induction of dormancy was monitored by following bud flushing and shoot growth after transfer to long photoperiod conditions (24 h) at 18°C. Chilling requirement was studied in seedlings exposed to 10 weeks of SD. In both species induction of bud dormancy developed most rapidly at 15–18°C, and both 9–12°C and 21°C delayed the induction of dormancy. Raising the temperature (from 9 to 21°C) applied during induction of dormancy significantly increased the chilling requirement. These responses were noted for all ecotypes tested, but in general the northern ecotypes entered dormancy more quickly than the southern ones. No such trend was recorded for chilling requirement, although a B. pubescens ecotype from Iceland and another from the coast of northern Norway appeared to require a longer chilling treatment than the other ecotypes. In conclusion, induction and depth of bud dormancy in birch are significantly affected by temperature conditions and these effects may explain some of the annual variation in dormancy and chilling requirement observed in nature.  相似文献   

有机黄瓜生产中霜霉病的防控技术     

张万明  卢建泉  郝峻峰  李爱林  张艳红  梁晨 《北京农业》2012,(27):55-56

根据防治黄瓜霜霉病的实践经验,系统总结有机黄瓜霜霉病综合防控技术,解决有机黄瓜生产中遇到的首要问题,助推有机农业的健康发展。  相似文献   

KHAPLI在小麦抗病育种中的利用     

张庆勤 《植物保护学报》1991,18(1):61-64

普通小麦(Triticum aeslivum,2n=6x=42)与二粒小麦Khapli (T. dicoccum,2n=4x=28)杂交,因普通小麦品种不同,传递给杂交种的基因数也不同。抗贵白4号、16号和20号小种的两个显性抗白粉病基因,容易遗传给六倍体小麦遗传背景。抗贵白64号小种的可能有1个隐性基因,较难遗传给普通小麦的杂种后代。  相似文献   

Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of physiological races of apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha)     

A. Urbanietz  F. Dunemann † 《Plant pathology》2005,54(2):125-133

The development of apple varieties displaying durable resistance against powdery mildew is one of the major aims in apple breeding programmes worldwide. For a reliable judgment of the resistance of different Malus genotypes, an extended knowledge about the virulence of the pathogen is necessary. To prove the existence of physiological races of Podosphaera leucotricha , 31 monoconidial isolates of the obligate biotrophic fungus representing five locations within Europe have been established and maintained over a period of 3–4 years. The isolates were maintained on in vitro shoots of the highly susceptible apple cv. Gibb's Golden Gage. An AFLP-based DNA fingerprinting protocol was developed and, using 54 stably reproducible AFLP markers, a dendrogram revealed genetic variability among different isolates of P. leucotricha . Although the molecular characterization of the isolates showed an overall low level of genetic variability, the high phenotypic diversity among European isolates suggest that sexual reproduction may also be involved in the disease cycle of the pathogen in Europe. Phytopathological tests using detached leaves of a collection of 36 Malus genotypes allowed the differentiation of five selected isolates by their virulence patterns. A high level of diversity in terms of virulence was obtained in P. leucotricha. From the present study, based on apple breeding germplasm, cultivars and Malus species, it can be concluded that physiological races of P. leucotricha do indeed exist in Europe.  相似文献   

小麦白粉病纯化菌种保存方法   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

曹远银  于基成  刘秋  魏松红 《植物保护学报》2005,32(3):271-274

利用经初选确定的5种具有较好保鲜能力的配方,采用离体叶段滤纸保存法、离体叶段琼脂保存法和试管苗保存法对小麦白粉病菌纯化菌系保存效果进行了研究.结果表明,对小麦幼苗第一叶叶段保鲜效果最好的配方是沈保6号,当使用40～60μg/mL最适浓度时,第25天叶段绿色仍可达到90%以上.保存菌种的最适环境条件研究结果表明,在4℃冰箱中,以离体叶片沈保6号琼脂保存和离体叶沈保6号浸润滤纸保存效果最佳,在第40天叶片绿色仍分别达到78.0%和68.0%,孢子萌发率可达26.7%和26.8%.  相似文献   

Possible involvement of salicylic acid in systemic acquired resistance ofCucumis sativus againstSphaerotheca fuliginea     

Gian Guido Conti  Alberto Pianezzola  Guido Violini  Dario Maffi  Anna Arnoldi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(6):537-544

The possible involvement of salicylic acid in systemic acquired resistance ofCucumis sativus againstSphaerotheca fuliginea was studied. Cucumber plants were inoculated with tobacco necrosis virus on the cotyledons and the level of endogenous salicylic acid in the first true leaf was determined by gas chromatography. Salicylic acid increased continously from the second day after virus inoculation to the fifth day, when the same leaf was inoculated withSphaerotheca fuliginea. In healthy plants, the efficiency of exogenous salicylic acid in inducing resistance was assayed by applying aqueous solutions at different times beforeSphaerotheca fuliginea inoculation. To evaluate the level of induced resistance, the following parameters were examined by light microscopy: percentage of conidial germination, length of the hyphae derived from single conidia, number of haustoria, percentage of epidermal cells with lignified walls and of necrotic cells underlying fungal hyphae. In treated plants conidial germination was reduced, the total length of the hyphae was shorter, the number of haustoria was lower and the haustorium-containing epidermal cells had more frequently lignified walls. Moreover, an evident increase in callose deposition was observed leading to the formation of oversized papillae around the penetration pegs. These results indicate that the application of salicylic acid before inoculation withSphaerotheca fuliginea reduces the intensity of the infectious process and that salicylic acid is involved in the expression of systemic resistance in cucumber challenged by the biotrophic pathogenSphaerotheca fuliginea.  相似文献