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61.
JR BUDDLE AR MERCY SZ SKIRROW F. MADEC RR NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):274-281
Objective To determine in Australian pig herds the accuracy of French protocols for risk factor assessment.
Procedure Data on health indicators and risk factors were collected for three syndromes, 'pre-weaning diarrhoea', 'post-weaning diarrhoea' and 'respiratory problems', using the French protocols. The protocols were used on 118 occasions in 32 Western Australian pig herds during 3 years (1988 to 1991).
Results There was a wide variation in pre-weaning performance, for example growth rate was 107 to 273 g/day (< 200 g/day in 33% of herds). Respiratory lesions at weaning were associated with poor pre-weaning performance. Post-weaning (21 days after weaning) growth rate was 114 to 408 g/day (< 250 g/day in 54% of herds). In the grower herds, 91% of herds had pneumonia, and growth rate was 439 to 625 g/day (< 550 g/day in 54% of herds). Pleurisy as well as pneumonia was associated with reduced growth rate. The risk factor most closely associated with respiratory health status was air volume per pig.
Conclusion Risk factors were most accurate at predicting the health status in post-weaning problems. A weaning weight of at least 7.9 kg and weaning age of 30 days optimised weaner performance. Stocking densities and shed designs providing at least 3 m3 air volume and 0.6 m2 floor space per pig throughout the growing phase should be considered for an improved respiratory health status. Australian pig sheds often do not provide a satisfactory environment for optimum health. The technique of risk factor assessment as an aid to the maintenance of health in pig herds is applicable in Australia, but further research is necessary to determine the most important Australian risk factors. 相似文献
Procedure Data on health indicators and risk factors were collected for three syndromes, 'pre-weaning diarrhoea', 'post-weaning diarrhoea' and 'respiratory problems', using the French protocols. The protocols were used on 118 occasions in 32 Western Australian pig herds during 3 years (1988 to 1991).
Results There was a wide variation in pre-weaning performance, for example growth rate was 107 to 273 g/day (< 200 g/day in 33% of herds). Respiratory lesions at weaning were associated with poor pre-weaning performance. Post-weaning (21 days after weaning) growth rate was 114 to 408 g/day (< 250 g/day in 54% of herds). In the grower herds, 91% of herds had pneumonia, and growth rate was 439 to 625 g/day (< 550 g/day in 54% of herds). Pleurisy as well as pneumonia was associated with reduced growth rate. The risk factor most closely associated with respiratory health status was air volume per pig.
Conclusion Risk factors were most accurate at predicting the health status in post-weaning problems. A weaning weight of at least 7.9 kg and weaning age of 30 days optimised weaner performance. Stocking densities and shed designs providing at least 3 m
62.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2015,24(2):233-239
Formal systems of inquiry are of limited value when working with rural communities in developing countries. The current research used alternative systems of inquiry and learning that involved applying participatory epidemiology (PE) techniques to collect veterinary information about Newcastle disease (ND) in rural areas. Results indicated that poultry constituted the largest proportion (42.4%) of livestock species kept, and the poultry diseases that local farmers callbingiri, ciwon-sufe,dankanoman-kaji, dangari, andgurdumu are consistent with modern veterinary knowledge of Newcastle disease, respiratory disease, coccidiosis, fowl pox, and ectoparasitism, respectively.Tsuwen zaki (lion's testicle;Cucumuis pustulatus) andgarafuni (balsam pear;Momordica balsamina) are traditional remedies used to prevent Newcastle disease. Local farmers are knowledgeable about common disease that affect their poultry; they have good diagnostic abilities and can recognize clinical signs. There should be improved veterinary outreach to share some of this information via active community participation, and PE should be incorporated into state and national disease surveillance systems. 相似文献
63.
Doru Morar Gheorghe Dărăbuş Mirela Imre Marius Stelian Ilie Kálmán Imre 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(2):200-204
This case study describes the first genetically confirmed and clinically manifested autochthonous Ehrlichia canis infection in a 9‐year‐old female mixed‐breed dog from Romania. Health screening of the dog included clinical examination, evaluation of stained peripheral blood smear and hematologic variables, as well as serologic testing and molecular analysis. Clinical signs included fever, apathy, dehydration, pale mucous membranes, and weakness. The microscopic examination of the blood smear and immunologic assays for Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and E canis antibodies, and for Dirofilaria immitis antigen yielded negative results. Hematologic abnormalities included moderate nonregenerative anemia, leucopenia with neutropenia, and moderate thrombocytopenia. The biochemical abnormalities identified were hypoalbuminemia, and mildly increased serum enzyme activities of AST and ALT. In addition, increased urea and creatinine levels associated with low urine specific gravity and proteinuria were also present. Nested PCR amplification of the partial E canis 16S rRNA gene demonstrated the presence of this rickettsial pathogen in the dog's blood, which subsequently was confirmed through sequencing based on the 100% homology with GenBank deposited E canis isolates. After specific treatment with doxycycline (10 mg/kg, orally, SID) for one month, the proteinuria, and hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities with the exception of mild azotemia resolved. This report supports the geographical expansion of canine ehrlichiosis caused by E canis in nonendemic regions of Europe. 相似文献
64.
Inductively coupled plasma mass‐spectrometric determination of platinum in excretion products of client‐owned pet dogs 下载免费PDF全文
T. Janssens E. E. M. Brouwers J. P. de Vos N. de Vries J. H. M. Schellens J. H. Beijnen 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(2):124-132
Residues of antineoplastic drugs in canine excretion products may represent exposure risks to veterinary personnel, owners of pet dogs and other animal care‐takers. The aim of this study was to measure the extent and duration of platinum (Pt) excretion in pet dogs treated with carboplatin. Samples were collected before and up to 21 days after administration of carboplatin. We used validated, ultra‐sensitive, inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry assays to measure Pt in canine urine, faeces, saliva, sebum and cerumen. Results showed that urine is the major route of elimination of Pt in dogs. In addition, excretion occurs via faeces and saliva, with the highest amounts eliminated during the first 5 days. The amount of excreted Pt decreased over time but was still quantifiable at 21 days after administration of carboplatin. In conclusion, increased Pt levels were found in all measured excretion products up to 21 days after administration of carboplatin to pet dogs, with urine as the main route of excretion. These findings may be used to further adapt current veterinary guidelines on safe handling of antineoplastic drugs and treated animals. 相似文献
65.
LI Xia-ying ZHENG Lu-fei ZHANG Xiu-jie YANG Kun WANG Qi-huai ZHOU Rong WU Tian-wen 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(7):1910-1916
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute,febrile and highly contagious animal disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV),and has been recognized as the most important constraint to international trade in animals and animal products.An outstanding feature for FMDV infection is that the FMDV infected animals may remain as a carrier state,some of the animals exposed to FMDV may have a long term asymptomatic infection.This article will review the advance of FMDV in the following aspects,epidemiology,etiology and pathogenesis. 相似文献
66.
Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak Investigation: Application of the FAO‐OIE‐WHO Four‐way Linking Framework in Indonesia 下载免费PDF全文
Misriyah H. A. Pawestri M. Azhar G. Tallis L. Schoonman G. Samaan 《Zoonoses and public health》2015,62(5):381-387
WHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives. 相似文献
67.
【目的】掌握渝西地区兔球虫病的流行情况和兔球虫种类,为该地区兔球虫病的防治提供依据。
【方法】采用饱和食盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏计数法检测渝西荣昌、永川、大足等 8 个区 14 个兔场共 1 273 份
粪样本,并收集卵囊,鉴定兔球虫种类。【结果】发现 14 个兔场均有感染球虫,平均感染率为 90.65%,璧山
和江津的感染率最高,为 100%,2 月龄以下兔感染率极显著高于 2~4 月龄、4~9 月龄及 9 月龄以上年龄段兔,
感染率为 98.19%。小型养殖场兔球虫感染率极显著低于大型规模化养殖场,感染率为 86.53%。8 个区的克粪便
虫卵数(Oocysts Per Gram,OPG)为 9.65×103
~6.56×104
,其中 2~4 月龄 OPG 最高、为 6.31×104
。对药物使
用情况调查显示,未使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为 92.31%,OPG 为 4.42×104
; 使用球虫药养殖场的感染率为
89.19%,OPG 为 2.75×104
。在 14 个兔场共鉴定了 10 种艾美耳球虫,其中优势虫种为穿孔艾美耳球虫(Eimeria
perforans)、大型艾美耳球虫(E. magna)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E. coecicola)和中型艾美耳球虫(E. media),
检出率分别为 25.20%、23.38%、11.96%、10.02%。【结论】渝西地区普遍感染兔球虫,且多为混合感染,因此
应加强该地区兔球虫病的防治。 相似文献
68.
丁型流感病毒是继甲型、乙型和丙型流感病毒之后的一种新型正粘病毒,2011 年首次由美国从表
现出流感样症状的猪只中分离出来,并于 2016 年被国际病毒分类委员会正式命名为丁型流感病毒。目前丁型流
感病毒已广泛分布于美洲、亚洲、欧洲和非洲的数十个国家。丁型流感病毒利用牛作为其自然宿主和扩增宿主,
并定期扩散到其他哺乳动物物种,包括猪、马、羊和骆驼等。因此,丁型流感病毒具有广泛的地域分布和宽泛
的宿主范围。丁型流感病毒感染可导致牛患轻度至中度呼吸道疾病,被认 为是牛呼吸系统疾病综合征的重要关
联因子。血清学证据表明,丁型流感病毒具有感染人的潜在风险。我国研究人员于 2014 年首次在山东省的牛群
中检测到丁型流感病毒,随后,来自不同团队的研究人员分别于 2017、2021 和 2022 年报道了丁型流感病毒核
酸阳性病例。为更好地了解丁型流感病毒对我国畜牧养殖业的影响,系统综述了丁型流感病毒在我国的分布情
况和研究进展,并分析 了丁型流感病毒在我国的流行趋势及对我国畜牧养殖业的潜在威胁。 相似文献
69.
70.