松材线虫萎蔫病生物学特性及治理技术的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱正昌  葛明宏 《福建林学院学报》1991,11(4):361-368

松材线虫萎蔫病病原是松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus),而松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus)是主要传病媒介。根据南京地区自然规律、线虫和天牛的生物学特性,采用了树干注药、薰蒸杀灭病死木中的传病媒介、喷洒菊酯微胶囊农药、加强营林技术管理和制定严格的植物检疫制度等综合防治方法,能有效地防治松材线虫萎蔫病。  相似文献   

Extraction of soil nitrogen by chloroform fumigation – A new index for the evaluation of soil nitrogen supply     

Wantai Yu  Philip C. Brookes  Qiang Ma  Hua Zhou  Yonggang Xu  Shanmin Shen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(12):2423-2426

The N extracted after chloroform (CHCl₃) fumigation was determined as a possible index of soil N supply to plants. The relationships between extractable N following fumigation and reference indices such as total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, N released by the Stanford short-term incubation method, and the N extracted by KCl and by CaCl₂, were measured in nine soils of differing soil N supply capacity. A highly significant correlation was achieved between the extractable N released by fumigation and the N released by the Stanford method, i.e. a short-term aerobic incubation (r = 0.87). Similarly, the correlation between extractable N by fumigation and the N uptake by ryegrass was highly statistically significant (r = 0.93). Using the N extracted following fumigation has the advantage that laboratory results are available in two days and are both reproducible and of high precision. Therefore, the N extracted following fumigation is a valid, timesaving and precise index of soil N supply capacity.  相似文献   

甲酸乙酯的施药高度对仓内空间杀虫效果的影响     

王斌  王殿轩  唐多  于志刚  连桂荣  洪玉程  袁林 《植物检疫》2011,(4)

在储粮容量7000t的高大平房仓空仓内,设置一个高7.50 m、直径300mm的熏蒸室,分别在7.50m、5.61m、3.74m、1.87m和0.1m的高度放置试虫,先后从0.10m、3.74m和7.50m的高度施药,测定了甲酸乙酯对处于不同高度的赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum(Herbst))和谷蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica(Fabricius))成虫的杀虫效果。结果为:在0.10m高度施药,甲酸乙酯对于靠近施药点的试虫可完全致死,而在1.87m及其以上高度处的害虫死亡率均显著低于施药点的死亡率。在高度3.74m处施药,施药点及其以下两种害虫的死亡率均显著大于施药点以上的害虫死亡率,3.74m及其以下的谷蠹均完全死亡,赤拟谷盗的死亡率则出现了0.1m处100%,1.87m和3.74m处则分别只有96.7%和81%。经7.50m高度施药,0.10m高度处的害虫死亡率达100%,且害虫死亡率出现自下而上递减的结果。本实验表明,作为熏蒸剂的甲酸乙酯在空间被施用后,静态条件下向上扩散且有效杀虫的高度小于2m;在高空施药后主要扩散趋势为向下运动(下沉),对施药点以下的害虫效果较好,建...  相似文献   

低温条件下溴甲烷和硫酰氟对紫穗槐豆象的毒力     

詹国平  王跃进  李柏树  王新 《植物检疫》2011,(5)

熏蒸环境温度为5℃、10℃的条件下,设计6～10个不同剂量分别开展溴甲烷和硫酰氟熏蒸杀灭紫穗槐种子携带紫穗槐豆象(Acanthoscelides pallidipennis)老熟幼虫的毒力试验,应用PoloPlus软件进行机率值分析的结果表明:在5℃条件下,预计紫穗槐豆象老熟幼虫达到99.9968%死亡率所要求的CT值(Lct_(99.9968))为溴甲烷2855.7g.h/m~3、硫酰氟3973.5g.h/m~3,熏蒸24h所需剂量为119.3g/m~3、158.7g/m~3;在10℃条件下,Lct_(99.9968)为溴甲烷2145.2g.h/m~3、硫酰氟1436.3g.h/m~3,熏蒸24h所需剂量为88.1g/m~3、59.0g/m~3。因此,随着熏蒸温度的提高,硫酰氟对紫穗槐豆象老熟幼虫的毒力作用增长明显,可作为进出口紫穗槐种子检疫处理的有效熏蒸剂,但熏蒸的环境温度须高于10℃。  相似文献   

Characterization of nematode colonization and succession in disturbed soil using the Maturity Index   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Christien H. Ettema  Tom Bongers 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1993,16(2):79-85

Nematode colonization and succession were studied over 60 weeks in field plots which had been disturbed by combinations of fumigation and manuring. It was expected that the Maturity Index, which is based on the composition of the nematode fauna, would decrease after disturbance, and subsequently increase with recovery and succession. The results showed that in all treatments, the initial colonization and growth were due to taxa scaled in colonizer-persister (c-p) group 1, resulting in a low Maturity Index. An increase in this index followed when these taxa were gradually replaced by c-p group 2 which thereafter remained the dominant group. C-p groups 3–5 developed only in the non-fumigated treatment. Manuring caused characteristic changes in the nematode fauna which could be described as a cycle, starting with an increase in enrichment opportunists (c-p 1), which were succeeded by general opportunists (c-p 2) which, in turn, were supplemented with persisters (c-p 3–5). It is expected that the same cycle will be observed as a result of other disturbances that cause temporary increase in food supply.  相似文献   

土荆芥果实挥发油的抑菌活性及其组分分析     

陈利军  智亚楠  王国君  尹健  熊建伟  史洪中 《河南农业科学》2015,(1):70-76

为了比较土荆芥果实挥发油的熏蒸和触杀抑菌活性,测定了其对植物病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的熏蒸与触杀抑制作用,初步研究了其抑菌机制。结果表明,土荆芥果实挥发油对植物病原真菌具有强烈的抑制作用,熏蒸和触杀抑制作用均随着挥发油剂量增加而增强,随处理时间延长多呈减弱趋势。其对白菜黑斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、水稻胡麻斑病菌3种真菌菌丝生长的熏蒸和触杀抑制作用半数有效浓度(EC50)分别为17.4~22.1μL/L、103.9~241.7μL/L,对水稻胡麻斑病菌孢子萌发的熏蒸和触杀抑制作用EC50分别为28.8μL/L、789.3μL/L。土荆芥果实挥发油通过熏蒸方式作用于水稻胡麻斑病菌菌丝,使其细胞内含物渗漏;通过触杀方式作用于水稻胡麻斑病菌菌丝,随挥发油浓度升高和处理时间延长,相对电导率增加。GC-MS分析结果显示,土荆芥果实挥发油主要成分为2-蒈烯和驱蛔素。综合分析土荆芥果实挥发油的抑菌活性,熏蒸作用的效果优于触杀作用。  相似文献   

仓房气密性与磷化氢环流熏蒸用药量及浓度的相关性   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

王殿轩 《粮食储藏》2002,31(4):11-15

本文报告了国家粮食局储粮新技术生产性试验中关于仓房气密性与磷化氢环流熏蒸用药量和浓度相关性的主要试验结果。生产试验表明：当仓房气密性达到一定程度后，在试验粮情条件下，投入较少的磷化铝即可使仓内浓度得到有效保持，并取得较好的杀虫效果。采用仓外投药时，粮堆内各测点磷化氢浓度约20小时后基本均匀，且均匀性保持较好，最低最高浓度比值较大，一般都在0.8以上。当熏蒸期间仓内磷化氢浓度不足时，可以很方便地进行补充投药。采用表面施药方式时，磷化氢浓度上升和达到均匀的时间都比较慢，仓内各点浓度达到100mL/m^3以上需要2-3天，各点浓度均匀需3-5天。自然潮解施药由于药剂中磷化氢是缓慢放出的，即使在投药相当时间后还会有磷化氢补充到熏蒸环境中，这就使得仓内整体磷化氢浓度下降较慢，总体上保持有效浓度的时间延长且时间后移。本文还对磷化氢环流熏蒸应用中的相关问题进行了探讨。  相似文献   

PV—CSMA/CD协议支持下的话音和数据综合业务通信     

林亚平  李显济 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,16(2)

本文讨论优先级CSMA/CD协议支持下,类似以太局部网中的话音和数据综合业务通信性能.文中根据建立的协议模型,模拟分析了话音和数据负载、话音质量等性能参数.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet as an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production in China     

Mao LG  Wang QX  Yan DD  Xie HW  Li Y  Guo MX  Cao AC 《Pest management science》2012,68(4):602-609

BACKGROUND: The combination of 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) and dazomet (DZ) offers a potential alternative to methyl bromide (MB) for soil disinfection. MB is scheduled to be withdrawn from routine use by 2015 in developing countries. Combination treatments of 1,3‐D + DZ were evaluated in a laboratory study and in two commercial cucumber fields. RESULTS: Laboratory studies found that nearly all of the tested combinations of 1,3‐D and DZ displayed positive synergistic activity on root‐knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), two major soilborne fungi (Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp.) and the seeds of two major weed species (Digitaria sanguinalis and Abutilon theophrasti). Field trials revealed that the combination of 1,3‐D and DZ (at 10 + 25 g m^?2) successfully suppressed Meloidogyne spp. root galling, sharply reduced Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. and maintained high cucumber yields. The combination treatment of 1,3‐D + DZ was more effective than 1,3‐D or DZ alone and provided results similar to methyl bromide with respect to pest control, plant mortality, plant height, yield and income. All of the treatments were significantly better than the non‐treated control. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the tested combination of 1,3‐D and DZ offers an efficient alternative to methyl bromide for cucumber production. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

烯丙基异硫氰酸酯的熏蒸毒力研究     

陈春武  谢令德  陈雅群  何君  贺艳萍 《粮食储藏》2012,41(3):3-5

以玉米象和赤拟谷盗作为实验对象,采用熏蒸方式对烯丙基异硫氰酸酯的毒力进行测定.结果表明,烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对所研究的两种害虫有较好的快速致死作用,同时研究发现在相同熏蒸时间内烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对玉米象熏蒸的LC50和LC99均小于对赤拟谷盗的LC50和LC99,这说明烯丙基异硫氰酸酯对玉米象的熏蒸效果比对赤拟谷盗的好.  相似文献