Relative abundance and activity of melanized hyphae in different soil ecosystems     

Annemieke van der Wal  Jaap Bloem  Wietse de Boer 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(2):417-419

Here we report on the frequency of melanized fungal hyphae in 323 soils, covering different land use types. The proportion of total hyphae that was melanized averaged 61%. Arable fields with loamy sand, heathlands and city parks on sandy soils had the highest percentage of melanized hyphae. In addition to the frequency determinations, a microcosm study was performed on the role of melanized hyphae in two different ecosystems: an ex-arable field and a forest. Melanized hyphae appeared to be part of the active hyphae in the forest soil but not in the ex-arable soil. In conclusion, our results indicate that (1) melanized hyphae represent a large proportion of the total fungal biomass in soils and that (2) their function might differ between ecosystems.  相似文献   

弹性蛋白酶基因(PAE)的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谷新晰  许文涛  黄昆仑  罗云波  林希谨  陈卓君  田洪涛 《农业生物技术学报》2009,17(6)

以1株产弹性蛋白酶的铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增得到的铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白酶(P.acruginosa elastase,PAE)基因,与GenBank中的序列对比发现同源性为99%.成功地构建了重组表达载体pPIC3.5K/PAE,莺组质粒Sac Ⅰ线性化后转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)菌株KM71中,通过PCR和表型鉴定表明,PAE基因已经整合到毕赤酵母染色体上.经大量筛选获得48株含高拷贝的重组毕赤酵母转化子.在甲醇诱导下,经过毕赤酵母高密度发酵进行PAE的表达,经SDS-PAGE分析.结果表明,在培养基上清中含有一明显特异性蛋白条带,大小为34kD.活性检测结果,酶活为1 060 U/mL,是出发菌株的26倍.  相似文献   

Comparison of multivariate models and variable selection algorithms for rapid analysis of the chemical composition of field crops     

Shengxiang Xu  Meiyan Wang  Xuezheng Shi 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2019,69(5):452-464

This study evaluates the use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid prediction of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus concentrations in field crop samples. Two multivariate models (partial least squares regression and support vector machine regression) were compared. In addition, four spectral variable selection algorithms (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, genetic algorithm, uninformative variable elimination, and variable importance for projection) were applied with support vector machine regression to determine the most accurate predictions. The results showed that support vector machine regression performed better than partial least squares regression for predicting the three chemical compositions. The combination of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling and support vector machine regression outperformed the other models for the predictions of total carbon and total nitrogen with high coefficients of determination of 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. For the determination of total phosphorus, the prediction accuracy of competitive adaptive reweighted sampling was comparable with the best result obtained from genetic algorithm with the coefficients of determination of 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. In conclusion, the support vector machine regression combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling has great potential to accurately determine the chemical composition of field crops using the visible and near-infrared spectroscopy.  相似文献   

不同林型红松林土壤真菌群落组成和多样性     

陈秀波  朱德全  赵晨晨  张路路  陈立新  段文标 《土壤学报》2019,56(5):1221-1234

采用基于ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer)序列的Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术,分析凉水国家级自然保护区的云冷杉红松林、椴树红松林、红松人工林和红松天然次生林四种林型的土壤真菌群落组成和多样性。共获得1 316个OTUs,四种林型的土壤含有大量未知真菌,在已知真菌类群中,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)为优势菌门,其中后者在四种林型土壤中的分布差异显著(P0.05)。α多样性分析结果表明:原始红松林(云冷杉红松林和椴树红松林)真菌群落丰富度指数(Ace和Chao1指数)显著高于红松天然次生林(P0.05)。β多样性分析显示:四种林型土壤真菌群落组成差异显著(R=0.537,P=0.001),但两种原始红松林之间、人工林和天然次生林之间组成无显著差异。土壤全氮、总有机碳、pH、水分含量和总孔隙度是显著影响四种林型土壤真菌群落组成的环境因子(P0.05)。研究结果为原始红松林的保护、人工植被恢复和真菌资源的开发利用提供依据。  相似文献   

利用机器视觉与近红外光谱技术的皮蛋无损检测与分级     

王巧华  梅璐  马美湖  高升  李庆旭 《农业工程学报》2019,35(24):314-321

为了对优质蛋、次品蛋和劣质蛋这3种皮蛋进行检测及分级,该文应用机器视觉结合近红外光谱技术,研究利用皮蛋凝胶品质无损检测的分级方法。首先采集皮蛋透射光图像,提取18个图像颜色特征值,然后将所提取的18维特征利用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)进行降维,对PCA降维后的3个主成分建立遗传算法优化支持向量机(genetic algorithm-support vector machine,GA-SVM)分级模型,把皮蛋样本分为两大类:可食用蛋(优质蛋与次品蛋)与不可食用蛋(劣质蛋),劣质蛋测试集识别率为100%。然后在机器视觉分类结果的基础上,利用近红外光谱技术获取可食用蛋(优质蛋与次品蛋)的原始光谱,并进行多元散射矫正(multiplicative scatter correction,MSC),利用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)降维提取特征波长,基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对特征波长变量建立分级模型,区分出优质蛋与次品蛋,优质蛋测试集识别率为96.49%,次品蛋识别率为94.12%。研究结果表明:基于机器视觉和近红外光谱进行皮蛋凝胶品质无损检测分级是可行的。  相似文献   

基于电子鼻传感器阵列优化的甜玉米种子活力检测   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

张婷婷  孙群  杨磊  杨丽明  王建华 《农业工程学报》2017,33(21):275-281

针对甜玉米种子活力传统检测方法操作繁琐、重复性差等不足,该研究利用电子鼻技术建立甜玉米种子活力快速检测方法。利用电子鼻获取不同活力甜玉米种子的气味信息,再结合主成分分析(PCA,principal component analysis)、线性判别分析(LDA,linear discriminant analysis)、载荷分析(loadings)和支持向量机(SVM,support vector machine)对气味信息进行提取分析,建立甜玉米种子活力的定性定量分析模型。结果显示:PCA和LDA分析均无法区分不同活力的甜玉米种子,而SVM的鉴别效果较好。全传感器阵列数据集SVM分类判别模型训练集和预测集正确率分别为97.10%和96.67%,建模时间为30.75 s,回归预测模型训练集和预测集决定系数R~2分别为0.993和0.913,均方差误差分别为2.23%和8.50%。经Loadings分析将10个传感器阵列优化为6个。优化后传感器阵列数据集SVM分类判别模型训练集和预测集正确率分别为98.55%和96.67%,建模时间为21.81 s,回归预测模型训练集和预测集决定系数R~2分别为0.982和0.984,均方差误差分别为3.80%和3.01%。结果表明:基于SVM的电子鼻技术可以实现对不同活力甜玉米种子的高效判别和预测,将传感器阵列优化为6个,判别和预测效果均有所提升。该研究为电子鼻技术应用于甜玉米种子活力检测提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils     

ZHANG Xinyu  XIE Juan  YANG Fengting  DONG Wenyi  DAI Xiaoqin  YANG Yang  SUN Xiaomin 《土壤圈》2018,28(3):488-496

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.  相似文献   

感应电机矢量控制解耦算法的研究     

赵文祥  吉敬华  郑宏  白雪  黄振跃 《农机化研究》2006,(2):51-52

矢量控制是通过坐标变换将感应电机模型转化为类似于直流电机的模型,使定子电流在同步旋转坐标系中的两个相互垂直分量分别独立控制转矩和转子磁链,从而获得类似于直流电机的调速性能。为此,对感应电机的数学模型进行了分析,通过矢量变换得到了在d、q坐标系下的闭环系统方程,对电机进行了解耦控制。在由TMS320F2812搭建的数字化实验平台上进行了实验,实验结果证明了研究方案的可行性。  相似文献   

玉米籽粒的特征选择算法——基于支持向量机与遗传算法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

程洪  李江涛  史智兴  尹辉娟  马丽 《农机化研究》2009,31(2)

在基于数字图像的玉米品种自动识别的研究中,寻找对识别贡献大的新特征项,对玉米品种识别率的提高具有十分重大的意义.把遗传算法和支持向量机算法相结合,设计了具体的基于支持向量机和遗传算法的玉米籽粒特征选择算法,利用这种算法优选提取出的玉米籽粒特征,从玉米籽粒的胚部和冠部的颜色特征与形状特征中找出了对玉米品种识别贡献较大的新特征.  相似文献   

基于PCA_SVR的油菜氮素光谱特征定量分析模型   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

张晓东  毛罕平  程秀花 《农业机械学报》2009,40(4):161-165

研究了采用光谱分析技术对油菜植株全氮进行定量分析的方法.采用逐步回归法对氮素的光谱特征波长进行选择,为克服光谱变量间多重共线性的影响,对变量进行了主成分分析(PCA),为提高模型的拟合优度,应用支持向量机回归(SVR)建立油菜氮素的定量分析模型.对不同氮素水平的油菜冠层光谱数据进行分析,结果表明,406、460、556、634、662、675nm的光谱反射率与油菜含氮量呈极显著相关.植株全氮SVR模型预测值与实测值的相关系数为0.89,模型的检验误差(RMSE)为2.51.  相似文献