小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵抗药性的研究：Ⅱ.抗性检测和诱导   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

顾宝根  刘经芬 《南京农业大学学报》1990,13(1):57-61

江苏、福建、湖北和黑龙江等省的609个菌株在1ppm 多菌灵(MBC)的 PDA 平板上不能生长或生长严重受阻,其 ED_(50)都小于1ppm,说明无抗性菌株存在。ED_(50)分别为福建0.32ppm,湖北0.54ppm,江苏0.45ppm,黑龙江0.65ppm。经多次抗性诱导,获得能抗10ppmMBC 的菌株 J-8,但未得到高抗菌株。几种镰孢菌(Fusarium spp.)和灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)抗性诱导和驯化结果说明,镰孢菌较灰葡萄孢不易产生抗性。  相似文献   

关中灌区小麦赤霉病预测的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

井金学  商鸿生  王树权 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(1):100-106

根据1977～1985年关中灌区西部的小麦赤霉病的病情和气象资料,经电子计算机进行逐步回归分析,建立了11个适于该地区小麦赤霉病流行的“最佳”预测方程,分别用于中、长期或短期病情预测。其中6个方程采用气象因子的实测值,5个方程采用其预测值。用历史资料的检验和初步试用,表明这些预测方程具有一定的灵敏性和可靠性。  相似文献   

Comparison of evaluation methods for selection of resistance to Fusarium head blight in a recurrent selection programme in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Z. P. Yang    X. Y. Yang  D. C. Huang 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(4):289-292

The objectives of this study were to compare efficiency of evaluation for resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) under two inoculation methods in a recurrent selection programme. Fifty selected homozygous F₅ fertile lines, from each of five cycles (C0, C1, C2, C3 and C4) of recurrent selection, and two control cultivars were evaluated in a split-plot design in 1995 and 1996 under the soil-surface inoculation with Fusarium graminearum-colonized kernels and the single-floret inoculation with ascospore suspension. Comparison of the two inoculation methods using means, ranges, coefficients of variation, heritabilities and correlations among infected spikelet rate (ISR), reaction index (RI) and disease index (DI) indicated that FHB resistance could be evaluated with similar accuracy and precision using either of the two inoculation methods. Regressions of disease scores in the soil-surface inoculation on disease scores in the single-surface inoculation were positive and highly significant, showing a strong relationship between both inoculation methods for FHB resistance. The percentage of lines with similar performance for FHB disease scores in both inoculation methods was high. The soil-surface inoculation and single-floret inoculation appear to be useful techniques for evaluating numerous individuals of segregating population and screening advanced homozygous lines for FHB resistance in a recurrent selection programme in wheat, respectively.  相似文献   

Nature of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and the role of deoxynivalenol for breeding   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

Á. Mesterházy    T. Bartók    C. G. Mirocha  R. Komoróczy 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(2):97-110

Twenty (1990-93) and 25 (1994-96) wheat genotypes with different degrees of resistance and origins were tested with seven and eight isolates, respectively, of Fusarium graminearum and four Fusarium culmorum isolates of diverse origin in Europe. Infection severity depended largely on the genotypes and the isolates used. Head blight values, yield response and kernel infection values revealed close but varying relationships with deoxynivalenol (DON) content. This variability is explained by the presence of tolerance mechanisms which affect the relationship between Fusarium head blight severity and yield response. Kernel infection resistance accounted for decreasing Fusarium head blight values. Genotypes were found with lower infection severity and higher DON contamination and vice versa. Evidently, the cultivar has a significant influence on DON production in the infected tissue, i.e. highly susceptible genotypes may have moderate or low accumulation of DON. However, in the most resistant genotypes showing no infection to any of the isolates or only sporadic symptom development, no or very low accumulation of DON was detected. Resistant genotypes gave a stable reaction with b-values close to zero for all traits tested. Susceptible genotypes were unstable under different epidemic conditions and their stability was different for the traits investigated. Therefore, the mean of b-values is suggested to better describe the stability of the wheat genotypes. Significant positive relationships were found between aggressiveness of the isolates and their production of DON in the infected grain. The correlation improved significantly for the nivalenol-producing isolate (F89.4 from France) when the sum of DON and nivalenol contents were considered. This indicates that the total trichothecene toxin-producing capacity of the isolates may be a decisive component of pathogenicity. Since the tests included isolates from different European countries the results provide further proof that no host specificity exists within these pathogens in Europe. This was also valid for kernel infection, yield response and DON accumulation. Therefore, the nature of resistance is horizontal. The results also support the view that there is no difference between the resistance of the host plant to F. graminearum and to F. culmorum.  相似文献   

基于增强回归树的海河平原小麦赤霉病预测模型构建与验证     

陶晡  齐永志  屈赟  曹志艳  赵绪生  甄文超 《中国农业科学》2021,54(18):3860-3870

【背景】自1995年至今,小麦赤霉病（Fusarium head blight,FHB）逐渐在海河平原蔓延,由零星出现演变成连片发生,在流行年份呈现出暴发快、面积大、损失重的特点,小麦赤霉病已由次要病害上升为主要病害之一。准确的预测预报是有效控制小麦赤霉病发生与发展的关键和难点。【目的】根据海河平原小麦赤霉病发生情况的监测分析,构建适宜的小麦赤霉病预测模型,为科学防控赤霉病提供技术支撑。【方法】基于2001—2016年海河平原21个小麦主产县（市）的赤霉病病穗率数据,以及小麦关键生育期内的气象数据,采用逐步回归分析,筛选影响小麦赤霉病发生的关键气象因子,构建基于多元线性回归模型和增强回归树模型的小麦赤霉病发生预测模型。【结果】明确了增强回归树模型的学习效率（lr）为0.005、树的复杂度（tc）为6时,模型的预测偏差最低,残差标准误为0.006311;筛选出8个对海河平原小麦赤霉病发生影响显著的关键气象因子,即MRH₁₅、Rain_-35、MRH_-55、SD₁₅、LT_-65、MWS_-55、MT_-25、DRain₁₅,并构建了含有8个预测变量的多元线性回归模型（R²=0.8158,矫正R²=0.8018,P<2.2×10^-16）。同时,应用增强回归树模型评估了上述8个关键气象因子的重要性,分别为69.62%、14.08%、4.89%、4.34%、3.35%、2.02%、1.20%、0.50%;根据重要的预测变量进一步简化预测模型,构建了含有4个预测变量的多元线性回归模型（y=-19.45376+0.11689MRH₁₅+0.17346Rain_-35+0.04185SD₁₅+0.26592MRH_-55,R²=0.7575,矫正R²=0.7468,P<2.2×10^-16）;当预测变量由8个调减至4个时,利用2008、2010、2012年安新、定州、馆陶等地历史数据验证模型预测病穗率的准确度,多元线性回归模型预测准确度由88.43%降至85.90%,增强回归树模型预测准确度由87.72%升至91.23%;利用2001—2016年正定、栾城的历史数据验证模型预测病穗率的准确度,两个模型预测准确度无显著变化,多元线性回归模型预测准确度由87.53%变为87.42%,增强回归树模型预测准确度由89.20%变为89.21%。整体而言,多元线性回归模型预测准确度呈下降趋势,而增强回归树模型预测准确度呈上升趋势。【结论】研究构建了含有4个预测变量的增强回归树模型,其预测准确度达89.21%,病穗率预测值与实际观测值的波动趋势基本一致,表明增强回归树模型在海河平原小麦赤霉病预测预报中具有很好的应用前景。  相似文献   

Breeding for resistance to ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. in maize – a review     

Ákos Mesterházy  Marc Lemmens  Lana M. Reid 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(1):1-19

  相似文献   

氰烯菌酯对禾谷镰孢菌的生物活性及其内吸输导性研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

李恒奎  周明国 《农药学学报》2006,8(1):30-35

氰烯菌酯(2-氰基-3-氨基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯,JS399-19) 是一种对禾谷镰孢菌具有专化活性的新型杀菌剂。研究表明,该药在离体条件下对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum抗多菌灵菌株及野生敏感菌株的菌丝生长均有很高的抑制活性,平均EC50值分别为0.117±0.036和0.107±0.020 μg/mL 。氰烯菌酯不能抑制禾谷镰孢菌的分生孢子萌发,但能引起抗多菌灵菌株及敏感菌株的分生孢子萌发后的芽管畸形。活体条件下,氰烯菌酯灌根处理对小麦赤霉病有一定防效,在叶片间的输导性较差,不能被小麦穗颈吸收;该药在同一张叶片上仅表现为向上输导,对处理部位的下部几乎没有防效。用400 μg/mL氰烯菌酯和400 μg/mL多菌灵穗部喷雾处理前1 、2 、3 d接种禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子,氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病的防效分别为95%、75%和62%;处理后1 、2 、3 d 接种,防效分别为88%、78%和73%,而对照药剂多菌灵的防效较差。说明氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病有优异的保护和治疗作用,在禾谷镰孢菌对多菌灵已产生抗性的地区,氰烯菌酯可以作为一种很好的替代药剂用于防治小麦赤霉病。  相似文献   

竹提取物的抗真菌作用   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

操海群  岳永德  彭镇华  花日茂  汤锋 《植物保护学报》2003,30(1):35-39

研究结果表明，毛金竹、毛竹、青皮竹、短穗竹等竹提取物表现出较强的抗真菌作用，72h对小麦赤霉病菌的菌丝抑制率均在80％以上。其中，毛竹提取物在96h后的菌丝抑制率仍达100．0％。毛竹的乙醚和乙酸乙酯提取物表现出较强的抗菌活性，对小麦赤霉病菌的菌丝抑制率均达100％；水提取物的抗菌活性最小，96h内菌丝抑制率不超过25％。用索氏抽提法得到的毛竹乙醚粗提物，对小麦赤霉病菌的抗菌活性明显强于用间歇振荡提取物，前者EC50为0．5178g／L(Y=1.2491X 4.1079,r=0.9860)，后者为1．3046g／L(Y=2.2590X 2.4801,r=0.9949)。毛竹乙醚粗提物经初步分离，其中酸性组分的抗菌活性明显强于碱性及中性组分，有关抗菌有效成分的分离鉴定正在深入研究。  相似文献   

小麦穗组织中脱氧镰刀菌烯醇毒素的免疫细胞化学定位   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

康振生  黄丽丽  H.BUCHENAUER 《植物病理学报》2004,34(5):419-424

 采用免疫细胞化学技术对禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)在侵染小麦穗部过程中产生的脱氧镰刀菌烯醇毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)进行了定位分析。在接种后24h,当菌丝在外稃、内稃的内侧表面扩展而尚未侵入寄主细胞前,病菌已分泌DON,并且DON已扩散到寄主组织内。在菌丝细胞内,DON主要被定位于细胞质、线粒体及细胞壁上;在寄主细胞中DON主要分布于细胞壁、叶绿体、细胞质和内质网上。在侵染初期(接种后2 d),菌丝仅能在寄主细胞间隙扩展,随寄主组织中DON浓度的升高,寄主细胞相应发生了一系列病理变化。随寄主细胞坏死(接种后3~4d),病菌进入坏死的寄主细胞。上述结果表明,DON在禾谷镰刀菌的侵染、致病和定殖过程中起着重要的作用。毒素标记结果表明病菌产生的毒素可通过穗轴微管束组织从侵染部位向上、向下转输,毒素向上的转输量明显高于向下转输  相似文献   

Effects of plant height on type I and type II resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat     

W. Yan  H. B. Li  S. B. Cai  H. X. Ma  G. J. Rebetzke  C. J. Liu 《Plant pathology》2011,60(3):506-512

By carefully separating type I and type II resistances, the possible effects of plant height on fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in wheat were assessed using near‐isogenic lines (NILs) for several different reduced‐height (Rht) genes. Tall isolines all gave better type I resistance than their respective dwarf counterparts when assessed at their natural heights. These differences largely disappeared when the dwarf isolines were physically raised so that their spikes were positioned at the same height as those of their respective tall counterparts. The effects of plant height on type II resistance was less clear. For those NIL pairs which showed significant differences, it was the dwarf isolines which gave better resistance. As the Rht genes involved in these NILs locate at different genomic regions, the differences in FHB between the dwarf and tall isolines are unlikely to be the result of linkages between each of the different Rht loci with a beneficial or a deleterious gene affecting type I or type II resistance. Rather, the different FHB resistances are probably caused by direct or indirect effects of height difference per se, and microclimate may have contributed to the better type I resistance of the tall plants. Thus, caution should be exercised when attempting to exploit any of the FHB resistant loci co‐located with Rht genes.  相似文献