Proteome analysis of Fusarium infection in emmer grains (Triticum dicoccum)     

K. Eggert  C. Zörb  K. H. Mühling  E. Pawelzik 《Plant pathology》2011,60(5):918-928

The fungal infection of emmer grain (Triticum dicoccum) with Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum was investigated at the level of the proteome. High‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that were differentially expressed in response to fungal infection of emmer. Moreover, the effects of natural field conditions at two locations on the carbon and nitrogen contents and the mycotoxin concentration of emmer grains were evaluated. Inoculation of emmer with a mixture of the two Fusarium species led to infection of the ears, with deoxynivalenol concentrations up to 10 mg kg^?1 in the grain. Carbon concentration and crude protein content were not significantly changed, but 10 distinct proteins changed in abundance. Stress‐related proteins, such as a serine protease inhibitor, a thaumatin‐like protein that reduced fungal growth and the starch hydrolysis β‐amylase increased upon infection, whereas the stress‐related proteins peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, a starch‐synthesis protein (a glycosyltransferase) and a fungal cell wall degrading protein (a chitinase) decreased. Furthermore, levels of three storage proteins in emmer grains were affected by Fusarium infection: α‐gliadin decreased and two globulins increased upon infection.  相似文献   

东北赤霉病菌对杀菌剂敏感性及其应用的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘洪玉  席景会  刘伟成  刘友良 《吉林农业大学学报》2002,24(3):37-40

采用室内生物测定法对东北小麦赤霉病菌 11个菌株对杀菌剂的敏感性进行了测定。结果发现 :田间菌株对多菌灵的耐药性普遍增强 ,达 4倍以上 ;禾谷镰孢菌的子囊孢子和分生孢子对杀菌剂抵抗能力强于菌丝体。毒力测定和田间药效试验表明 :有效地防治赤霉病必须选择对子囊孢子和分生孢子毒力强的杀菌剂 ,多·代混剂和克百菌是目前防治赤霉病较好的杀菌剂  相似文献   

禾谷镰刀菌的酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶同功酶电泳分析     

曹丽华  叶华智 《河南农业大学学报》2001,35(3):262-265

对来自不同小麦栽培区的38个禾谷镰刀菌菌株进行了酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶的电泳分析，结果表明，禾谷镰刀菌具有3条标墀性酯酶带，根据其变化特点，供试菌株的酯酶同功酶谱可划分为5种类型，其中类型1为主体型，占总测菌株数的76.3%；其它类型为少数型，分别占总测菌株数的10.5%，2.6%，5.2%；类型5为新出现的谱型，禾谷镰刀菌具有2条标志性酸性磷酸酯酶酶带，以其出现与否划分为供试禾谷镰刀菌菌株为2种酶谱类型，分别占供试菌株总数的36.8%与63.2%。  相似文献   

绿色荧光蛋白基因在小麦禾谷镰刀菌中的表达与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李和平  张静柏  廖玉才 《麦类作物学报》2010,30(5):824-828

为了获得稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的我国代表性小麦禾谷镰刀菌菌株,用于小麦抗赤霉病接种鉴定与分析,以禾谷镰刀菌武昌菌株Fg175原生质体为受体,经PEG介导将序列优化的水母GFP基因转入该菌株中,分析鉴定了转基因菌株GFP基因的表达。PCR分析表明,Fg175基因组中整合了GFP基因,Western blot检测到高效表达的GFP特异蛋白;激光共聚焦显微镜及体视镜观察进一步证实,转基因菌株Fg175-GFP的分生孢子、菌丝及接种小麦麦穗后,均可发出清晰的绿色荧光。  相似文献   

陕西省小麦禾谷镰刀菌的遗传多样性研究     

刘恒  侯丽娟  马红娜  白耀博  李强  王保通 《植物病理学报》2010,40(6):615-621

为了明确陕西省小麦禾谷镰刀菌混合群(Fusarium graminearum species complex)的遗传多样性,利用4对E coRⅠ和M seⅠ引物对来自陕西省19个区县的162株小麦禾谷镰刀菌菌株进行了AFLP扩增。结果表明,4对引物均能扩增出数量不等的多态性条带,最少的6条,最多的20条,大部分扩增片段在100～750bp之间。利用NTSYS-2.1软件聚类分析表明,不同地区禾谷镰刀菌可分为两大类群,即类群A和类群B。这两大类群的分化和地理来源有明确相关性,类群A主要分布在关中地区,类群B主要分布在陕南地区。初步判断可能与两个地区生态环境和小麦主栽品种差异有关。各类群内的菌系与地理位置间的关系较为复杂,一些菌系与地理来源存在明确关系,而个别菌系与地理来源间的关系尚不能完全明确。还需进一步研究以明确各菌株与地理来源之间的关系。  相似文献   

氰烯菌酯与己唑醇及其混配对小麦赤霉病菌的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

耿忠义  赵京岚  任勇攀  周国  孙国波 《农学学报》2011,(10)

为明确氰烯菌酯与己唑醇不同比例混配对小麦赤霉病菌联合作用类型,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了氰烯菌酯与己唑醇及其6种配比对小麦赤霉病菌的毒力。结果表明,氰烯菌酯与己唑醇及1:1、1:3、1:5、1:7、1:9、1:11等混配组合对小麦赤霉病菌的EC50分别是0.393、0.643、0.571、0.338、0.369、0.513、0.577、0.726mg/L;6种混配组合对小麦赤霉病菌的增效系数(SR)分别是0.85、1.64、1.58、1.16、1.05、0.84。氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病菌的室内生物活性高于己唑醇,氰烯菌酯与己唑醇1:3和1:5配比对小麦赤霉病菌有增效作用。  相似文献   

不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累分析     

徐飞  杨共强  宋玉立  王俊美  李亚红 《植物病理学报》2014,44(6):651-657

 为明确不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性和麦穗组织中DON毒素积累水平,培育和利用抗赤霉病和DON毒素积累的品种提供资源和依据,本研究采用单小花滴注接种法对河南省的106个小麦品种(系)抗赤霉病性进行鉴定分析,并用ELISA测定了病穗组织中DON毒素水平。结果表明不同小麦品种(系)对赤霉病的抗性有显著差异,106个小麦品种(系)中未发现抗病和中抗材料,中感品种(系)有华育198、郑麦103和春丰0021等14个,占13.2%;感病的有曌式2010-06、百农898和中麦63等92个,占86.8%。不同小麦品种(系)籽粒、颖壳和穗轴中DON毒素积累水平有显著差异,籽粒中DON毒素水平在(0.70~287.63)mg/kg之间,其中郑03876、豫保1号和中麦63 的DON毒素水平在2 mg/kg 以下,为抗毒素材料;其他的103个品种DON毒素水平大于2 mg/kg;颖壳和穗轴中的DON毒素水平在(51.03~392.87)mg/kg之间,普遍比籽粒中DON毒素含量高。籽粒中DON毒素水平与小麦品种(系)的平均病害严重度间呈极显著正相关。  相似文献   

镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性与其致病力相关分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张潇丹  廖静静  邓维萍  宋冬冬  梅琼  朱书生  杨敏 《植物保护》2014,40(6):53-58

试验采用菌丝生长速率法测定了大蒜根系分泌物对3种供试植物病原镰刀菌的抑菌活性, 并进一步分析了18株从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌和12株从小麦赤霉病样分离的禾谷镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物的敏感性及致病力之间的关系。研究结果表明, 大蒜根系分泌物对供试镰刀菌均具有抑制活性, 但从腐烂蒜瓣上分离的尖孢镰刀菌对根系分泌物的敏感性低于其他菌株。致病力分析结果表明, 供试的18株尖孢镰刀菌均能使蒜瓣发病, 但致病力与其对根系分泌物的敏感性无明显相关性; 供试的禾谷镰刀菌中对根系分泌物不敏感的4株菌株能侵染蒜瓣, 但敏感性高的菌株不能侵染蒜瓣, 且根系分泌物对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制率与禾谷镰刀菌致病力之间呈显著的负相关。这表明大蒜根系分泌抑菌物质是根系抵御镰刀菌侵染的重要机制, 但一些菌株能对根系分泌物产生抗性, 从而侵染大蒜。综上所述, 大蒜根系分泌物对镰刀菌具有抑制活性, 可以利用大蒜和其他作物间作或轮作控制镰刀菌枯萎病的发生和蔓延, 但长期利用大蒜轮作或间作控制土传病害可能面临镰刀菌对大蒜根系分泌物产生抗性, 导致防效降低的风险。  相似文献   

RNAi as an emerging approach to control Fusarium head blight disease and mycotoxin contamination in cereals          下载免费PDF全文

Ana Karla Machado  Neil A Brown  Martin Urban  Kostya Kanyuka  Kim E Hammond‐Kosack 《Pest management science》2018,74(4):790-799

Fusarium graminearum is a major fungal pathogen of cereals worldwide, causing seedling, stem base and floral diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). In addition to yield and quality losses, FHB contaminates cereal grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol, which are harmful to human, animal and ecosystem health. Currently, FHB control is only partially effective due to several intractable problems. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism that regulates gene expression. RNAi has been exploited in the development of new genomic tools that allow the targeted silencing of genes of interest in many eukaryotes. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) is a transgenic technology used to silence fungal genes in planta during attempted infection and thereby reduces disease levels. HIGS relies on the host plant's ability to produce mobile small interfering RNA molecules, generated from long double‐stranded RNA, which are complementary to targeted fungal genes. These molecules are transferred from the plant to invading fungi via an uncharacterised mechanism, to cause gene silencing. Here, we describe recent advances in RNAi‐mediated control of plant pathogenic fungi, highlighting the key advantages and disadvantages. We then discuss the developments and implications of combining HIGS with other methods of disease control. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Effect of temperature on head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum     

J. M. Brennan†  D. Egan  B. M. Cooke  F. M. Doohan 《Plant pathology》2005,54(2):156-160

The effect of small temperature differentials (16 vs. 20°C) on the pathogenicity of deoxynivalenol producing single isolates of Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum and on the fusarium head blight (FHB) response of eight wheat cultivars was examined. Fusarium culmorum inoculation caused greater visual disease symptoms at 20°C than at 16°C, both overall and on an individual cultivar basis (overall AUDPC = 13·5 and 9·6, respectively) ( P  < 0·05). In contrast, F. graminearum inoculation caused greater overall visual disease symptoms at 16°C than at 20°C, both overall and at the individual cultivar level (overall AUDPC = 12·8 and 10·9, respectively) ( P  < 0·05). Results showed both F. culmorum and F. graminearum inoculations caused a greater loss in yield at 20°C (54·3 and 46·9% relative 1000-grain weight, respectively) compared with 16°C (73·3 and 66·9% relative 1000-grain weight, respectively) ( P  < 0·05). Fusarium culmorum -inoculated heads contained similar amounts of fungal DNA at both 16 and 20°C (1·9 and 1·7 ng mg⁻¹ of plant material, respectively) (not significant), while for F. graminearum inoculation, plants contained higher amounts of fungal DNA at 20°C (2·0 and 1·0 ng mg⁻¹ of plant material, respectively) ( P  < 0·05). Overall, there was a significant negative correlation between AUDPC and percentage relative 1000-grain weight at both 16 and 20°C ( r  =−0·693 and −0·794, respectively, P  < 0·01).  相似文献