Adenosine protects Sprague Dawley rats from high‐fat diet and repeated acute restraint stress‐induced intestinal inflammation and altered expression of nutrient transporters          下载免费PDF全文

C. Y. Lee 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(2):317-325

This study investigated the effect of repeated acute restraint stress and high‐fat diet (HFD) on intestinal expression of nutrient transporters, concomitant to intestinal inflammation. The ability of adenosine to reverse any change was examined. Six‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control or non‐stressed (C), rats exposed to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 14 days (S), control rats fed with HFD (CHF) and restraint‐stressed rats fed with HFD (SHF); four additional groups received the same treatments and were also given 50 mg/l adenosine dissolved in drinking water. Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin and corticosterone were measured. Intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2, NPC1L1 and TNF‐α was analysed. Histological evaluation was conducted to observe for morphological and anatomical changes in the intestinal tissues. Results showed that HFD feeding increased glucose and insulin levels, and repeated acute restraint stress raised the corticosterone level by 22%. Exposure to both stress and HFD caused a further increase in corticosterone to 41%, while decreasing plasma adiponectin level. Restraint stress altered intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2 and NPC1L1. These changes were enhanced in SHF rats. Adenosine was found to alleviate HFD‐induced increase in glucose and insulin levels, suppress elevation of corticosterone in S rats and improve the altered nutrient transporters expression profiles. It also prevented upregulation of TNF‐α in the intestine of SHF rats. In summary, a combination of stress and HFD exaggerated stress‐ and HFD‐induced pathophysiological changes in the intestine, and biochemical parameters related to obesity. Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF‐α.  相似文献   

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响     

林忠宁  李兆龙  陆烝  杨有泉  肖学奎 《福建畜牧兽医》2022,(1):7-10

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...  相似文献   

镉胁迫下4种宿根花卉的生理生长响应及其抗性差异     

李红婷  董然  关梦茜 《西北农业学报》2014,23(9):196-202

以百合科宿根花卉大花萱草、"金娃娃"萱草、"甜心"玉簪、东北玉簪为研究材料,研究其在Cd质量浓度为40mg/kg处理下,随着植物体内镉的积累,不同时期4种花卉生理生长的响应,并根据各项指标的测定结果对4种花卉的抗镉胁迫能力进行综合评定。结果表明,镉胁迫下,植株受害情况不仅受时间主效应的影响,还受时间×树种、时间×树种×质量浓度交互效应的影响。经方差分析和多重对比,并用隶属函数法进行综合评定,得出4种花卉的抗镉胁迫能力强弱顺序依次为"甜心"玉簪、"金娃娃"萱草、大花萱草和东北玉簪。  相似文献   

幼苗期玉米叶片表皮细胞和气孔量化指标的研究     

李富恒  朱会杰  徐清华  杨洪升  李楠丁  刘增兵 《东北农业大学学报》2014,(12)

以九单48和松玉656两个玉米品种为材料,对幼苗期不同时期各叶片表皮细胞和气孔的量化指标进行较系统的研究。结果表明,在试验范围内,各叶片上下表皮细胞和气孔的长与宽均表现为随着叶片的生长而逐渐增大;各叶片在初次取样时其上下表皮细胞和气孔长与宽的数值是相近的;上表皮细胞短而宽,下表皮细胞长而窄;上表皮气孔长小于下表皮的气孔长、上表皮气孔宽大于下表皮的气孔宽;各叶片上下表皮细胞和气孔的面积均表现为随叶面积增加而逐渐增大;上表皮细胞面积小于下表皮细胞面积,而上表皮气孔面积大于下表皮气孔面积;上下表皮细胞和气孔的密度均随叶面积增加而逐渐减小。  相似文献   

Benthic microbial indicators of fish farm impact in a coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea     

Tiziana La Rosa  Simone Mirto  Antonio Mazzola  Teresa Luciana Maugeri 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,230(1-4):153-167

We studied the impact of organic loads due to the biodeposition of a fish farm in a non-impacted coastal area of the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean). Sediment chemistry and benthic microbial community were investigated from July 1997 to February 1998 on monthly basis at two stations: one was located under the fish farm, while the second was about 1 km away, and served as a reference site. The presence of the cage induced rapid changes in the benthic conditions: the sediments were rapidly (after 6 weeks) reduced. A significant accumulation of biopolymeric carbon was observed beneath the cage both 2 weeks after the initial cage deployment, on non-impacted sediments, and 5–7 months after, and appeared to be related to the fish farm production cycle. The density of microbial communities beneath the fish farm increased only during the first month of farming activity (July) and partially 7 months after cage disposal (i.e. in January), when there was a significant sediment organic enrichment. Additional evidence of rapid impact of the fish farm on the benthic bacterial communities is provided by the increase in the numbers of autofluorescent microbial cells. The photosynthetic eukaryotic cells displayed a highly reduced contribution to total autofluorescent microbial density, indicating that their decrease is related with biopolymeric carbon accumulation, and probably was due also to “shadow effect” induced by suspended material, coming from the fish farm, on the environment below. We propose here, to apply the ratio of culturable heterotrophic bacteria to microbial direct counts (CFU/MDC) to detect fish farm impact. In cage sediments, organic enrichment and the consequent modification of the characteristics of the benthic environment, determined an increase in aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio density indicating that they are efficient colonizers of organic-rich sediments. Densities of Escherichia coli and Enterococci were not significantly higher than in the reference site, and are likely of terrestrial origin. Thus they cannot be used as specific indicators of fish farm impact.  相似文献   

Extending the Encounter–Norm–Crowding Generalization to Angler Evaluations of Other Social and Resource Indicators     

Mark D. Needham  Jerry J. Vaske  Doug Whittaker  Maureen P. Donnelly 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2014,19(3):288-299

Recreationists who encounter more people than their normative tolerance for seeing others usually feel more crowded than those encountering fewer than their norm. This research note extends this observation–norm–evaluation relationship (e.g., encounter–norm–crowding) to other evaluations and indicators. Data were from a survey of anglers on the Gulkana National Wild River in Alaska (n = 288). Respondents who encountered more people than their norm felt more crowded than those encountering fewer than their norm. When impacts from other social indicators (e.g., camping within sight or sound of other groups, fishing area competition) exceeded user norms, crowding was higher and satisfaction with overall trip quality was lower than for those experiencing less than their norms. When impacts from resource indicators (e.g., litter, impacted campsites) exceeded norms, satisfaction with both environmental quality and trip quality were lower than for those experiencing less than their norms. The encounter–norm– crowding generalization, therefore, extended to other indicators and evaluations.  相似文献   

Haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters as stress indicators in Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata farmed in off-shore cages     

G Caruso  L Genovese  G Maricchiolo  A Modica 《Aquaculture International》2005,13(1-2):67-73

In 2000–2001, an investigation was performed in two Sicilian mariculture sites (Pachino and Castellammare) to monitor physiological and biochemical parameters in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) specimens farmed in off-shore sea cages. Plasma cortisol and glucose levels, tissue lactate concentration, haematocrit and haemoglobin content, lysozyme, haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities were determined. During the experiment, an increase in tissue lactate and plasma cortisol levels and a reduction in haemolytic and haemagglutinating titers, were recorded. Changes occurring in these haematological, immunological and biochemical values suggest that these parameters can be useful indicators in assessing the condition of chronic stress induced by mariculture operations.  相似文献   

A structured approach to using biological and environmental parameters to forecast anchovy recruitment     

K. L. COCHRANE  L. HUTCHINGS 《Fisheries Oceanography》1995,4(2):102-127

Simulation studies have indicated that a valuable increase in mean annual yield could be achieved in the South African anchovy, Engraulis capensis , fishery if below-average recruitment could be forecast at the start of the fishing season, 6 months before recruitment can he reliably measured. This paper reports on initial investigations into biological and environmental indicator- which could be used to make such forecasts. Valid estimates of recruitment strength in the species are available from 1985 to 1992 and the environmental and biological indicators of interest have been monitored for periods starting from between 1984 and 1988, to the present. Most of the data were obtained from monitoring on anchovy spawner biomass surveys which have been undertaken each November since 1984.
A conceptual model of the factors influencing the recruitment process was constructed and the available data were examined for empirical evidence of the importance of each event included in the model. Fluctuations in copepod biomass and production on the spawning grounds, the incidence of oocyte atresia in adult females, the incidence of southerly winds at Cape Point and the distance offshore of the 16°C isotherm at Cape Columbine were associated with fluctuations in anchovy recruitment. It is suggested that particular attention should be paid to monitoring of these variables to investigate further these associations. If persistent relationships are found, it may be possible to construct an expert system to forecast recruitment from observed values of these variables at the start of a fishing season. A preliminary set of three decision rules is presented.  相似文献   

Developing scoring functions for soil quality to assess land suitability for irrigated wheat in Southern Algeria     

Adil Mihoub  Naima Koull  Samia Helimi  Mohammed Elhafed Kherraze  Sakher Mokhtari  Manuel Pulido Fernández 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):262-276

Efficient land-use management could be optimized through appropriate advice regarding land suitability and achieving a reasonable yield while preserving soil and environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to determine and define those locations capable of wheat cultivation with irrigation in the municipality of N’goussa (Southern Algeria). Expert opinion (EO) method was used for selecting minimum soil data set (MDS_-EO), where six influencing soil properties (sand, pH, salinity, organic matter, gypsum and lime) and other three key parameters (slope, land use/land cover, and proximity to roads and electricity network) were considered important for irrigated wheat cultivation in the study area. Indicators were weighted according to principal component analysis (PCA) loadings and summed. PCA revealed that the selected nine indicators are appropriate for accounting 73.63% of the total variance. Two maps of land suitability were created here (expressed as a soil quality index within a range from 0 to 1) from multivariate analysis and already known standard scoring functions (SSFs) by using two data sets (pure and scored). The distribution of soil quality index (IQI) showed that above 70% of the land was moderately (MS) to highly suitable (HS) for irrigated wheat. The estimation accuracy of soil quality classes has been evaluated using random forests (RF), having as a dependent variable the final class of land suitability used in each map. It was determined that estimation accuracy could reach 60% (pure data set) and 65% (scored data set) at 0.5 cut-off value for soil quality classes. Final prioritizing according to ranks of sensitivity index (SI) and efficiency ratio (ER) showed that IQI obtained from scored data set is the most suitable approach in soil quality assessment of arid areas. Therefore, it could be applied in southern Algeria for land management, integrated planning and environmental assessments.  相似文献   

木薯二倍体及其同源四倍体叶片形态、生理及抗螨特征比较     

韦婉羚  黄珍玲  陈会鲜  杨海霞  兰秀  梁振华  李恒锐 《核农学报》2022,36(11):2115-2123

为比较二倍体及其同源四倍体木薯叶片之间的差异,本试验以木薯华南205、南植199的二倍体及其同源四倍体植株为材料,测定其叶片形态结构和逆境生理指标,鉴定其抗螨性,并进行相关性分析。叶片形态结构和生理指标测定结果表明,木薯同源四倍体的叶片厚度、中裂叶宽、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、单宁含量、多酚氧化酶以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均高于其二倍体,中裂叶长、叶形指数、气孔密度和丙二醛含量均低于其二倍体。抗螨性鉴定结果发现,木薯同源四倍体的抗螨性均强于其二倍体。相关性分析结果表明,螨害指数与叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、多酚氧化酶活性以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈极显著负相关,与单宁含量呈显著负相关,与气孔密度、丙二醛含量呈显著正相关。本研究为木薯倍性育种、抗性育种工作提供了科学依据。  相似文献