远红光对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响     

朱梅  张天彤  栗昕羽  姚刚  陈雷 《麦类作物学报》2021,41(8):977-983

为从光学角度探究促进小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长发育更加安全高效的方法,利用(Y,Gd)₃(Ga,Sc)₅O₁₂:Cr³⁺远红光荧光粉封装LED器件作为光源,将LED芯片发射450 nm蓝光转化为峰值波长为730 nm的远红光,利用对比实验,观测白光LED添加与不添加远红光成分两种光照模式下3个小麦品种的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数,以及幼苗根长、株高、芽苗粗干物质质量变化。结果表明,与不添加远红外光的对照相比,经远红光LED辐照后,小麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均显著提高,增幅分别为3.36%～  7.58%、5.32%～  11.08%和  12.73%～33.53%;远红光LED辐照也促进了小麦幼苗发育,使幼苗根长、株高、芽苗粗和干物质量分别增加  5.53%～20.59%、12.47%～23.21%、14.13%～14.58%和5.62%～  11.34%。因此,新型远红光辐照可作为一种用效手段,用于促进小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长发育。  相似文献   

The importance of reduced light intensity on the growth and development of six weed species     

M Yasin  E Rosenqvist  S M Jensen  C Andreasen 《Weed Research》2019,59(2):130-144

Crops limit light for photosynthesis and growth of weeds. We studied the effect of reduced light on performance of six weed species [one invasive species (Amsinckia micrantha), three common species (Veronica persica, Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Viola arvensis) and two less common weeds (Anagallis arvensis and Scleranthus annuus)]. In two glasshouse experiments, six light levels were achieved aiming at 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, 90% and 95% reduction of light and corresponding with daily light integrals (DLI) of 12.4, 9.63, 7.13, 2.74, 0.95 and 0.69 mol m^?2 day^?1 in experiment 1 and 21.2, 18.0, 10.7, 3.71, 1.64 and 1.20 mol m^?2 day^?1 in experiment 2. The number of leaves was strictly controlled by DLI. Chlorophyll content index, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F_v/F_m), stomatal conductance, flowering and dry matter were strongly reduced when DLI was reduced to 0.69–3.71 mol m^?2 day^?1 for all species. Threshold DLI for flowering was ca. 3.71 mol m^?2 day^?1 for S. annuus, V. arvensis, A. arvensis and V. persica, while C. bursa‐pastoris deviated by flowering at DLI of 0.95 mol m^?2 day^?1. This may explain why C. bursa‐pastoris is common in the seedbank of Danish arable soils in spite of intensive farming with well‐fertilised and dense crops.  相似文献   

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白基因的克隆及光强度对其表达量影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安立娜  范凡  杨小凡  李梦瑶  刘小侠  魏国树 《植物保护学报》2019,46(5):971-979

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga紫外敏感视蛋白基因Bo-uv的作用及其与趋光性的关系,利用常规PCR方法克隆获得Bo-uv基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了其敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系,运用qPCR技术检测了不同发育阶段、不同组织及不同光强度下Bo-uv基因的相对表达量。结果表明,Bo-uv基因cDNA全长2 757 bp,开放阅读框1 542 bp,编码514个氨基酸。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为21.93%～43.00%,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的氨基酸序列同源性最高。Bo-uv基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊蛹末期、成虫期表达,在成虫头部的相对表达量较高。在0～10 000 lx光强范围内雌、雄成虫体内该基因的相对表达量均呈先增高后降低趋势。与对照相比,1 000 lx光强度下其相对表达量显著升高,10 000 lx时相对表达量显著降低。表明光强度能够有效地调控Bo-uv基因的表达,该基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊感知外界光刺激过程中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

河北省黑光灯诱集金龟子的种类及其分布和消长规律研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

苗春生  苗秀俊  王亚军  靳素萍 《河北农业科学》2007,11(1):41-45

以1963～2005年河北省各地黑光灯诱集金龟子的原始资料为统计素材,研究了河北省黑光灯诱集金龟子的种类及其分布和消长规律.结果表明,河北省黑光灯诱集到的金龟子为7个科54种;不同地区,金龟子种的分布不同;金龟子种类不同,上灯日期、日诱导数量和世代均不相同.  相似文献   

光电技术在农业工程中的应用与展望          下载免费PDF全文

叶瑞涛  熊正烨  李永强  师文庆 《农业工程》2021,11(1):40-45

我国是农业生产大国,农业种植面积和多种农产品产量居世界前列,但是我国农业生产自动化程度相对较低,农业效益提升潜力大.光电技术在提升农业效益方面大有可为.概述了光电技术在农业工程中的应用现状,并展望了光电技术在农业工程中的发展趋势.  相似文献   

Circadian heart rate changes and light-dependence in the Mediterranean seabream Sparus aurata     

A. Aissaoui  L. Tort  J. Altimiras 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,22(1):89-94

Despite the abundant literature on circadian heart rate rhythms in fish, few studies have attempted to elucidate if such pattern is endogenous or if it is modulated by environmental cues. In this study, heart rates were continuously recorded in Sparus aurata acclimated to different light regimes (normal or shifted LD 12:12 cycle and a pulsed 0.75:0.75 LD cycle) to investigate the endogenous nature and the role of light on the circadian pattern of heart rate. Under LD 12:12, the daily pattern of heart rate showed higher values at night and lower rates during the day (average amplitude of the heart rate change of 10.6 ± 5.7 beats min^–1). The circadian pattern was maintained in animals under constant light but the amplitude was decreased (2.4 ± 1.1 beats min^–1). Light masks the expression of the rhythm because under a pulsed LD cycle, heart rate tracks the pulsed LD phases, increasing during the dark phase and decreasing during the light phase. Besides the ultradian pattern imposed, an underlying circadian rhythm was detected, which indicates that the rhythm is endogenous. However, the strong link between heart rate and light obtained under pulsed LD cycles suggest the timing mechanism to be mostly based on external light reception.  相似文献   

不同光照条件对浮游植物生物量与多样性的影响     

严广寒  刘德富  张佳磊  刘璇  贡丹丹 《水生态学杂志》2018,39(1):37-43

通过构建光照强度与浮游植物生物量和群落结构特征参数的关系曲线,为三峡水库水华预测预报模型的构建提供基础数据,同时也为水库调度的方案提供理论依据。基于三峡水库野外原位观测数据的分析结果,针对性设计不同梯度光照强度下浮游植物的生长演替规律室内控制实验。结果表明:(1)光照是影响浮游植物生物量和多样性的关键要素,光照强度0~4 500 lx,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而增加,在光照强度为4 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最大,但光强超过4 500 lx之后,浮游植物的生物量随着光照强度的增加而减少;光照强度0~1 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光强的增加而增加,在光照强度为1 500 lx时,浮游植物群落多样性达到最大;光照强度1 500~4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而减少;当光强超过4 500 lx,浮游植物群落多样性随着光照强度的增加而增加;(2)从制定三峡水库生态调度方案的角度来看,当光照强度在1 500 lx时,浮游植物生物量达到最低,此时其群落多样性达到最大,为最佳的调度方案光照参数;(3)浮游植物生物量(y)与光照强度(x)的关系为:y=2×10~(-8)x~3-5×10~(-4)x~2+3.1923x-122.92(R~2=0.934,P0.01),两者极显著相关;多样性指数(y)与光照强度(x)的关系式为:y=2×10~(-12)x~3-3×10~(-8)x~2+10~(-4)x+0.3266(R~2=0.554,P0.01),两者极显著相关。  相似文献   

水体光照强度的变化对浮游甲壳动物群落结构的影响     

王利  陈剑锋  李芸  张蔚珍  曹特  谢平 《水生态学杂志》2018,39(3):44-51

近年来,我国淡水湖泊富营养化现象日益严重,藻类大量生长导致水体光照强度减弱,水生植物严重衰退。为了解水体光照强度减弱对生活在沿岸带草丛中的浮游甲壳动物分布情况的影响,本研究于2015年5月至2015年11月在水族箱中通过移植苦草并覆盖不同层黑色遮阳布来建立4个光照梯度（L1- L4）,其透光率分别是40.5%、17.1%、7.1%和2.8%,来模拟自然条件下沿岸带浮游甲壳动物群落对低光压力的响应,分析了水体理化指标、苦草和浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化。结果表明：（1）从不同的光照处理来看,浮游甲壳动物生物量随光照强度减弱而减少,其平均值分别是1.27 mg/L、0.99 mg/L、0.95 mg/L和0.45 mg/L,丰度和多样性也随光照强度减弱逐渐降低;（2）与其他3个处理组相比,L4组中除了锯缘真剑水蚤相对生物量百分比从5%升高到25%,其他种类都有所下降,其中晶莹仙达溞从50%降至9%;（3）浮游甲壳动物的平均生物量在秋季（1.28 mg/L）大于夏季（0.54 mg/L）,而夏季（83.79 ind./L）平均丰度大于秋季（53.59 ind./L）。统计分析表明浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化与光照强度和苦草生长引起的水体理化的变化显著正相关,主要是溶解氧和pH值。  相似文献   

Effect of LED light quality on the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of Haliotis discus hannai          下载免费PDF全文

Xiaolong Gao  Mo Zhang  Jimeng Zheng  Xian Li  Liang Chi  Changbin Song  Ying Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3376-3389

Abalones were reared in a laboratory to determine the percentage response rate, response time, average crawling speed and the time taken to recover an upright posture under nine light‐emitting diode light quality treatments (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, white and grey) and a dark environment. Animals were placed in the centre of an experimental device, and the tropism of each animal was continuously monitored by video. The highest percentage response rate (80% in dark adapted abalones, 60% in light adapted abalones) was observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (27% and 30% in dark adapted abalones, respectively, 22% and 24% in light adapted abalones). Two induction materials (substrate and brown algae Laminaria japonica) were used to assess the effect of light quality on the tropism of abalones, with the highest percentage response rate (76% in the L. japonica treatment, 22% in the substrate treatment) also observed in the dark environment, followed by red and orange light (both 25% in the L. japonica treatment, and 26% and 32%, respectively, in the substrate treatment). The tropism order of the abalones under dark, red, orange and yellow light was as follows: dark > orange > red, yellow, but fewer abalones chose to stay in blue, green, cyan and purple light. The response time (about 700 s) in the dark environment was significantly longer than for the other light quality treatments. Compared with the average crawling speed in the other light quality treatments, abalones were relatively slower (about 3.8 mm s^?1) in red and orange light, and the dark environment. The mean time required for the recovery of an upright posture in red light and the dark environment was longer than in the other light quality treatments, with the average recovery time reaching a maximum of 60 s in the dark environment. The results demonstrate the phototaxis and locomotion behaviour of abalones, as well as confirming the necessity of a dark, orange or red environment for their management and aquaculture.  相似文献   

光强、温度和N/P比对坛紫菜叶状体单性生殖发生的影响     

付阳阳  丁洪昌  林琪  钟晨辉  刘长军  严兴洪 《水产学报》2019,43(3):650-660

为探究培养条件对坛紫菜叶状体生长和单性生殖发生的影响,研究了不同光强、温度和N/P比下坛紫菜叶状体的生长及单性生殖发生的特点。结果显示,当光强为10～40μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长缓慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生晚;光强增至60～80μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长加快,成熟和单性生殖发生同时提前。温度为17～20°C时,藻体生长慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生推迟;23°C时藻体生长最快;而29°C组的藻体虽然生长受到抑制,但藻体成熟和单性生殖发生得到促进。N/P比为16∶1处理组的叶状体比其他处理组(1∶1、4∶1、32∶1和64∶1)均生长变快,N/P比为64∶1时叶状体生长最慢,但易成熟、易发生单性生殖。因此,在高光强、高温和高N/P比下,藻体成熟和单性生殖发生均提早,说明这些因素对坛紫菜叶状体单性生殖的发生有重要影响。  相似文献