海南岛芒果园施肥现状调查及土壤养分状况分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何翠翠  冯焕德  魏志远  侯宪文  陈业渊 《热带作物学报》2018,39(12):2336-2342

本文主要通过了解海南岛芒果园施肥现状及对应的土壤养分状况,综合分析施肥管理现状,为芒果种植科学施肥提供理论基础。研究结果表明,海南岛芒果主产区肥料投入平均水平为 N 334.01 kg/hm2、P2O5 177.10 hm2、K2O 184.21 hm2,其中 N∶P2O5∶K2O 为 1∶0.53∶0.55,芒果化肥消耗系数为 0.059 01 kg/kg,纯氮消耗系数为 0.020 7 kg/kg,施用有机肥农户比例为 76.92%,有机肥平均施用量低于 333.33 kg/hm2。海南岛芒果主产区土壤有机质含量偏低,范围为11.16~17.22 g/kg;碱解氮含量偏高,范围为 278.86~859.10 mg/kg;速效磷含量差异较大,为21.74~81.73 mg/kg;速效钾含量在 96.56~97.19 mg/kg。综上所述,海南岛芒果园氮磷钾肥料投入比例不科学,钾肥投入量偏低,建议增施钾肥;有机肥投入严重不足,建议提高施用有机肥农户比例,增大有机肥施用量。  相似文献   

1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂的配方筛选及药效研究     

陈劲礼  李新杰  李健明  梁明龙  刘晓鹏  刘晓静 《农药科学与管理》2016,(7):20-24

采用旋转包衣法研制出1%噻虫嗪·联苯菊酯颗粒剂。采用优选组合法对多种助剂进行筛选,确定最优配方为:噻虫嗪0.5%、联苯菊酯0.5%;木质素磺酸钠0.1%;着色剂0.1%;白炭黑0.8%;JPPC-02 1.4%;凯松0.004%;黄原胶0.002%;硅酸铝镁0.006%;水0.79%;河砂补至100%。田间药效试验表明,该颗粒剂对黄曲条跳甲有较好的防治效果,在450和600g/hm~2有效成分的用量下,药后15d对成虫和幼虫的防治效果均在80%以上,显示出较强的应用前景和开发价值。  相似文献   

马铃薯甲虫的识别与防控     

焦晓丹 《植物检疫》2016,(1):89-91

为了能够准确识别马铃薯甲虫,对该疫情进行及时防控,本文将马铃薯甲虫与同期发生的马铃薯二十八星瓢虫形态特征进行对比,同时阐述了马铃薯甲虫的生物学特性、寄主范围、传播方式,并根据实践经验,提出了科学有效的防控方法。  相似文献   

不同用量有机肥对芒果果实品质及土壤肥力的影响   总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

臧小平  周兆禧  林兴娥  戴敏洁  葛宇  刘永霞  马蔚红 《中国土壤与肥料》2016,(1):98-101

通过田间小区试验,研究了不同用量有机肥处理对芒果果实品质及果园土壤肥力的影响,旨在为生产上芒果科学施肥提供技术支持。结果表明:与不施有机肥处理(CK)比较,增施有机肥处理使果实可溶性固形物含量提高10.1%~21.6%、Vc含量提高3.1%~38.4%、可滴定酸含量下降6.6%~16.0%、固酸比提高17.9%~44.9%。增施有机肥提高了土壤有机质、全N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca、交换性Mg、电导率及p H值,促进土壤肥力水平的提升。综合比较,以T2处理(有机肥7.5 kg/株+尿素400 g/株+高钾复合肥1.25 kg/株)对改善果实品质和改良土壤性状效果最好。  相似文献   

Natural Enemies of the Frankliniella Complex Species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Ataulfo Mango Agroecosystems     

Franklin H. Rocha  Francisco Infante  Alfredo Castillo  Guillermo Ibarra-Nu?ez  Arturo Goldarazena  Joe E. Funderburk 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

A field survey was conducted in Ataulfo mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in Chiapas, Mexico, with the objective of determining the natural enemies of the Frankliniella complex species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Seven species of this genus feed and reproduce in large numbers during the mango flowering. Two representative orchards were selected: the orchard “Tres A” characterized by an intensive use of agrochemicals directed against thrips, and the orchard “La Escondida” that did not spray insecticides. During mango flowering, five inflorescences were randomly collected every 5 d in both orchards, for a total of 18 sampling dates. Results revealed the presence of 18 species of arthropods that were found predating on Frankliniella. There were 11 species in the families Aeolothripidae, Phlaeothripidae, Formicidae, Anthocoridae and Chrysopidae; and seven species of spiders in the families Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Uloboridae. Over 88% of predators were anthocorids, including, Paratriphleps sp. (Champion), Orius insidiosus (Say), Orius tristicolor (White), and O. perpunctatus (Reuter). The orchard that did not spray insecticides had a significantly higher number of predators suggesting a negative effect of the insecticides on the abundance of these organisms.  相似文献   

Attack Pattern and Reproductive Ecology of Tomicus brevipilosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Pinus yunnanensis in Southwestern China     

Peng Chen  Jun Lu  Robert A. Haack  Hui Ye 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

Tomicus brevipilosus (Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) was recently discovered as a new pest of Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franchet) in Yunnan Province in southwestern China. However, little was known on its reproductive biology and pattern of trunk attack on Yunnan pine. The objectives of this study were to better understand the reproductive biology of T. brevipilosus by investigating the seasonality of trunk attacks by parent adults for the purpose of reproduction (i.e., breeding attacks) and the within-tree pattern of these attacks. Our results showed that T. brevipilosus breeding attacks in P. yunnanensis generally started in early March and ended in early June in Anning County, Yunnan. T. brevipilosus exhibited two general patterns of infestation. From early March to mid-April, T. brevipilosus bred preferentially in the trunks of Yunnan pine trees that were already infested by Tomicus yunnanensis Kirkendall and Faccoli and Tomicus minor (Hartig), colonizing spaces along the trunk (mostly in the mid- and lower trunk) that were not already occupied by the other two Tomicus species. Later, from about mid-April to early June, when there were no Yunnan pine trees newly infested by T. yunnanensis and T. minor, T. brevipilosus attacked Yunnan pine by itself, infesting the lower parts of the trunk first and then infesting progressively upward along the trunk into the crown. Infestation by T. brevipilosus extends the total period that P. yunnanensis trees are under attack by Tomicus beetles in southwestern China, which helps explain why Yunnan pine has suffered high levels of tree mortality in recent decades.  相似文献   

Chlorophyll fluorescence for visualizing the spatial and temporal spread of Phytophthora alni subsp. alni in alder bark tissue          下载免费PDF全文

H. Pfanz  J. Mombour  C. Wittmann  F. Fleischmann  W. Oßwald 《Plant pathology》2015,64(2):467-477

The impact of alder Phytophthora (Phytophthora alni subsp. alni) on corticular photosynthetic metabolism was explored via measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence. Stem inoculation induced a sharp reduction of maximum (F_v/F_m) and effective quantum yield of PSII (). Observations of the axial and radial spread of the pathogen revealed that near to the point of inoculation and in the whole centre of the stem lesion F_v/F_m and of the cortex chlorenchyma decreased to almost zero, indicating tissue necrosis. Low values of F_v/F_m and were also found in some presymptomatic regions beyond the visible stem lesion. In contrast, substantial photosynthetic activity was found in uninvaded parts of the inoculated trees and in the control. These stem parts showed a marked light‐adapted quantum efficiency of PSII as well as marked electron transport rates in their bark tissues. Thus, corticular photosynthesis stayed unaffected in these stem parts supporting stem carbon balance. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in the field illustrated that stem infection with P. alni subsp. alni and the effect on the bark tissues is not only highly heterogeneous but also underlies very quick temporal changes, due to a rapid destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus. The results show that chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and fluorescence imaging are useful indicators of tissue infection caused by Phytophthora infection of bark tissues. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements can be used to map and visualize the spatial as well as temporal spread of bark pathogens and can give a first indication of invasion of the host tissue beyond the visible lesion.  相似文献   

Deep‐sequencing revealed Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) as a highly aggressive pathogen on hop          下载免费PDF全文

J. Jakse  S. Radisek  T. Pokorn  J. Matousek  B. Javornik 《Plant pathology》2015,64(4):831-842

Newly emerging or re‐emerging diseases are a constant and significant threat to agricultural production, so prompt and accurate identification of the causative agents is required for rapid and appropriate disease management. Classical methods of pathogen detection can be successfully supplemented by next‐generation sequencing (NGS), whereby sequence analysis can help in the discovery of new or emerging diseases. In 2007, hop growers in Slovenia reported the appearance of severely stunted hop plants, a phenomenon that spread rapidly within hop gardens and among farms. Classical diagnostic methods were unable to detect a new pathogen; therefore, single step high‐throughput parallel sequencing of total RNA and small RNAs from plants with and without symptoms was employed to identify a novel pathogen. The sequences were assembled de novo and also mapped to reference genomes, resulting in identification of a novel sequence of Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) in the stunted hop plants. Furthermore, the presence of this novel pathogen on hop was confirmed by RT‐PCR analysis of 59 plants with symptoms from 15 hop gardens, representing the main outbreak locations identified by systematic disease monitoring, and small RNA Illumina sequencing of the bulked RNA sample. The high infectivity of the newly identified CBCVd was also confirmed by biolistic inoculation of two hop cultivars, which developed aggressive symptoms in controlled conditions. This study shows the feasibility of deep sequencing for the identification of causative agents of new diseases in hop and other plants.  相似文献   

苯醚甲环唑对采后芒果的保鲜研究     

潘晓威  杨叶  张宇  王萌  范咏梅  谢艳丽  周雪晴  章程辉 《农药学学报》2014,16(2):138-143

通过浸果处理,研究了10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对采后芒果的防腐保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:经有效成分质量浓度为200和300 mg/L的苯醚甲环唑处理后,经常温(25℃)和低温(13℃)贮藏的芒果均表现出发病率降低、好果率增加、转黄时间被推迟及果实失重率下降的现象;处理组芒果硬度、可溶性固形物、总糖、可滴定酸及VC的含量均明显高于对照,表明使用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂进行芒果保鲜处理,除可明显延长芒果贮藏时间并提高贮藏保鲜效果外,还能较好地保持果实的风味和营养品质。其中,200 mg/L浓度处理的芒果防腐保鲜效果显著好于300 mg/L的处理。  相似文献   

Using acoustic technology to reduce bark beetle reproduction     

Richard W Hofstetter  David D Dunn  Reagan McGuire  Kristen A Potter 《Pest management science》2014,70(1):24-27

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