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11.
【目的】研究异丙甲草胺对水稻各生物性状及产量的影响,找出造成水稻减产的关键因子,为针对性选育高耐受水稻品种及异丙甲草胺水田安全应用提供依据。【方法】采取室内琼脂培养与室外田间试验相结合的方法,测定不同异丙甲草胺浓度下水稻T优227的发芽率、苗高、种根长、鲜重、分蘖数、谷粒数、结实率、千粒重等生物经济性状。【结果】异丙甲草胺对水稻种子发芽率、谷粒数和结实率有明显影响,对苗高、种根长、鲜重、分蘖数及产量等有一定影响。其中,发芽率随着药液浓度的上升呈逐步下降趋势,以2.0000 g/L处理的发芽率最低,仅为清水对照的45.6%;低浓度的异丙甲草胺（0.025 mg/L）抑制水稻幼苗生长,但对种根长、鲜重有促进作用,与对照相比苗高降低了5.7%,种根长增长了4.1%、鲜重增加了9.5%;随着药液浓度的提高,促进作用转为抑制作用,药液浓度为2.000 mg/L时,苗高、种根长和鲜重分别为对照组的9.6%、28.1%和30.9%。异丙甲草胺315 g/ha处理的谷粒数、结实率和产量均最低,产量为7723 kg/ha,减产17.8%。【结论】异丙甲草胺对水稻各个生长期均有一定影响,结实率与分蘖谷粒数受影响是导致水稻减产的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
花椒粗提物对异丙甲草胺在稻田中除草效果及安全性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究异丙甲草胺以及花椒粗提物在水田中的除草效果与对水稻的安全性影响,在水稻移栽田中进行了药效试验。结果表明,异丙甲草胺处理组与花椒粗提物添加组对田间杂草均表现出了一定的防除效果,对单子叶杂草的防除效果最为显著,株防效为95．9％-100％;对双子叶杂草的防效相对较差,株防效仅为7．2％-76．5％;而对杂草鲜质量防效为46％～90％。用量为9000、18000、31500g／hm^2的花椒粗提物添加组与相应异丙甲草胺组比较,产量分别增加了1．4％、4．5％、12．7％。异丙甲草胺具有很强的除草活性,花椒粗提物对异丙甲草胺的除草效果影响很小,但能减缓异丙甲草胺对水稻的影响,可作为异丙甲草胺水田应用的安全剂。 相似文献
13.
采用田间试验测定了60．8％异丙甲·乙氧·扑草净乳油（ EC）在花生田的除草效果及其对花生的安全性。结果表明：用该药剂在花生播后苗前进行土壤处理,对马唐、鸭跖草、马齿苋、藜等具有很好的效果,推荐使用剂量1368～1824 g/hm2,药后45 d的杂草株防效为81．73％～83．69％,鲜质量防效为81．77％～84．93％。此外发现,该药剂对花生具有较高的安全性,处理区花生未见叶片黄化、畸形或苗株矮化等药害症状。与空白对照相比,施用60．8％异丙甲·乙氧·扑草净EC后增产显著,同时增产效果优于对照药剂乙草胺,说明60．8％异丙甲·乙氧·扑草净EC对花生安全,且除草、增产效果显著。 相似文献
14.
为了探明根际微生物数量与除草剂污染之间的关系,研究了异丙甲草胺对烟草植地根际与非根际土壤微生物的种群动态变化、土壤呼吸强度及酶活性的影响。结果表明:根际土壤中微生物数量、土壤呼吸强度和酶活性均高于非根际土壤。根际土壤微生物对异丙甲草胺的敏感程度依次为真菌〉细菌〉放线菌;除过氧化氢酶外,根际土壤脱氢酶、脲酶及磷酸酶的活性与对照土壤均存在显著差异。第60 d,异丙甲草胺在根际土壤中的降解率为80.50%,半衰期为26.82d,比在非根际土壤中的降解速率提高了1.21倍,半衰期缩短了17.76%。 相似文献
15.
The impact of nitrogen source on the response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings to sub-toxic concentrations (<10−6
) of metolachlor and EPTC was studied in nutrient solutions. Nitrogen increased the phytotoxicity of low concentrations of both herbicides. The presence of a relatively high ammonium level (5m
) in solution enhanced growth inhibition (up to 50%), increased total nitrogen (20%) and protein content (26%), and resulted in less K+ (50%) and Ca2+ (70%) absorption. Under optimal nitrogen nutrition conditions, metolachlor temporarily inhibited plant growth, and both herbicides decreased the protein content in cucumber leaves. The effect of herbicides at the high ammonium level on plant growth was stronger and more long-lasting compared with control growing conditions. 相似文献
16.
Background, Scope and Goal. The chemical, pesticide and biocide legislation of the European Union assembles a variety of bioassays.
Among the ecotoxicological tests involved, the testing strategy for the aquatic compartment builds up on three tests reflecting
the main trophic levels (algae,Daphnia, fish). For the soil compartment at least one trophic level for a basic food chain is missing, namely between microflora
and earthworms. Protozoa are an ideal missing link as they were shown to be the most prominent faunal contributors to nutrient
cycling in soil ecosystems and as they represent the lacking first level consumers as well as the highly diverse microfauna.
As protozoa inhabit the soil pore water, they can serve as direct indicators for the solved and thus bioavailable portion
of xenobiotics. In order to widen the spectrum of available toxicity tests for a meaningful effect assessment for the soil
compartment, a test with the soil ciliateColpoda inflata (Ciliophora, Protozoa), introduced by Pratt et al. (1997), was improved. 相似文献
17.
The efficiency of filter strips in protecting watercourses against herbicides in run‐off was evaluated in field experiments in western Germany. Surface run‐off caused by natural rainfall and related transport of metolachlor, terbuthylazine and pendimethalin were measured on plots of 40 m length without filter strips (F0), and after passing over three types of herbicide‐untreated field margin: 12 m conservation headland (CH12), 6 m (GF6) and 12 m grass strips (GF12). Run‐off was also measured after simulated rainfall on 7 m long plots without (F0) and with 3 m grass strips (GF3). All three herbicides were transported both in dissolved and in adsorbed forms; the partitioning depended on their water solubility with metolachlor and terbuthylazine mainly translocated in dissolved form (F0: highest mean concentrations for a natural run‐off event 721 and 220 μg L?1, respectively). Pendimethalin was predominantly transported in adsorbed form (maximum mean concentration 11.2 μg L?1). In the sediment, the highest mean herbicide contents in a single natural event (F0) accounted for 2294 μg kg?1 (metolachlor), 1317 μg kg?1 (terbuthylazine) and 5648 μg kg?1 (pendimethalin). The proportions of applied herbicide translocated were 0.3% (metolachlor), 0.2% (terbuthylazine) and 0.06% (pendimethalin; F0, natural rainfall). The extent of herbicide transport decreased with time but within this trend soil sealing, soil moisture and amount and intensity of rainfall increased losses. Compared with the F0 plots, the reduction of herbicide translocation after natural rainfall reached 80–83% (CH12), 80–88% (GF6) and >99% (GF12) over the 3‐year period. The 12 m grass strips allowed only one extreme run‐off event to pass through, thus providing a highly effective watercourse protection against herbicide pollution. 相似文献
18.
为了解异丙甲草胺在烟叶和土壤中的降解规律,通过湖南和山东两地的大田试验,采用高效液相色谱法研究了异丙甲草胺在烟叶和土壤中的消解动态和最终残留量.结果表明:异丙甲草胺在烟叶中降解较慢,在湖南和山东烟叶中的半衰期分别为9.47 d、8.49 d,土壤中的半衰期分别为10.30 d、11.12 d.施药量为100 g/667m2时,烟叶成熟后异丙甲草胺在湖南烟叶和土壤中的残留量为0.004～0.052 mg/kg;在山东烟叶和土壤中的残留量为0.007～0.067 mg/kg.施药量为150 g/667m2时,烟叶成熟后异丙甲草胺在湖南烟叶和土壤中的残留量为0.009～0.061 mg/kg;在山东烟叶和土壤中的残留量为0.011～0.071 mg/kg,均低于规定的MRL值,说明异丙甲草胺是易降解农药,在烟草上使用是安全的. 相似文献
19.
气相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测玉米粉中乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和三唑酮残留 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立了玉米粉中乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和三唑酮残留检测的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品采用乙腈浸提3 h、过两次0.22μm尼龙66微孔过滤膜后,以气相色谱-串联质谱EI离子源,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测。结果表明:在0.005~1 mg/L范围内,3种供试农药的质量浓度与其相应的峰面积间呈良好的线性关系,决定系数(R2)均大于0.999。在0.025、0.050和0.25 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,3种农药的平均回收率为95%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~2.2%(n=6)。3种农药在玉米粉中的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.05、0.05和0.2μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、简单,适用于同时快速检测玉米粉中乙草胺、异丙甲草胺和三唑酮的残留量。 相似文献
20.
4种不同安全剂对菜心上异丙甲草胺的解毒作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解除草剂安全剂在菜心田的使用效果,通过培养皿滤纸法,以菜心的胚根长为测试指标,研究二氯丙烯胺、解草酮、苯叉酰胺（AD-67）、解草啶4种除草剂安全剂对异丙甲草胺的解毒作用。结果表明,当异丙甲草胺浓度1．5、2．0μg/mL对菜心胚根生长产生一定的伤害作用后,4种安全剂对菜心的解毒效果不明显。当异丙甲草胺浓度为0．15μg/mL时,4种安全剂在一定浓度范围内均对异丙甲草胺具有解毒作用,其中AD-67不同浓度处理均对菜心有较好的解毒作用,其浓度在0．5、1．0、2．0μg/mL时对0．15μg/mL异丙甲草胺的解毒效果分别为26．60％、37．14％、33．90％,且菜心胚根长度均与空白对照无显著差异;二氯丙烯胺、解草酮和解草啶三者效果相当,均为浓度0．5μg/mL对菜心具有解毒作用,浓度升高,解毒效果下降。 相似文献