Effects of inbreeding on nodal root system morphology and architecture of white clover (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium repens</Emphasis> L.)     

Shirley N. Nichols  James R. Crush  Derek R. Woodfield 《Euphytica》2007,156(3):365-373

Plants of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar Crau, a self-fertile Crau genotype, and nine generations of inbred progeny were raised in sand culture in a glasshouse experiment. Digital images of the root systems were made and root morphological characteristics were determined on all the plants. Root architectural parameters were measured on the Crau parent and the S₁, S₄, S₆, and S₉ inbred lines. The clover roots became shorter and thicker with inbreeding but the number of root tips per plant was unchanged. Root architecture (branching pattern) was largely unaffected by inbreeding. It is concluded that inbreeding white clover will lead to shorter, thicker roots, and reduced nutrient uptake efficiency compared with the parent clover. The degree to which these deleterious traits are overcome during the development of F₁ hybrids needs to be determined.  相似文献   

6种枇杷属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

杨向晖  吴颖欣  林顺权 《果树学报》2009,26(4)

应用扫描电镜,对1个栽培品种(早钟6号),5个野生类型(椭圆枇杷、大渡河枇杷、栎叶枇杷、台湾枇杷、台湾枇杷恒春变型)的花粉进行了形态观察。结果表明,6种枇杷属植物的花粉粒均为长球形,具3条萌发沟,萌发沟以等间距环状分布,属于N3P4C5型花粉。6种枇杷属植物的花粉外壁属于条纹-穴状纹饰类型,外壁均具条嵴,嵴洼处散生有覆盖层穿孔,但条嵴及穿孔的形态和分布差异明显。最后,结合花粉形态的演化规律,对大渡河枇杷的系统学位置及枇杷属植物的起源与进化进行了讨论。  相似文献   

The significance of meandering channel morphology on the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates in a lowland river in Japan     

Daisuke Nakano  Futoshi Nakamura 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2008,18(5):780-798

• 1. Many rivers and streams across the world have been channelized for various purposes. Channel cross‐sections of meandering rivers are asymmetrical and have cross‐sectional diversity in their physical environment; cross‐sections of a channelized river are typically trapezoidal and have little cross‐sectional diversity, both in physical and ecological conditions. Several programmes to restore stream meanders have been undertaken to improve river ecosystems degraded by channelization. However, the association between diversification in the physical environment due to meander restoration and the macroinvertebrate community structure is poorly known.
• 2. This study of a lowland river in Japan assessed how the cross‐sectional diversity of the physical environment changed with restoration of a meander in a channelized river, and how the macroinvertebrate communities responded to the changes in physical habitat variation. Comparisons were made between the macroinvertebrate communities of a channelized reach, the restored meandering reach, and a natural meandering reach.
• 3. Natural meandering and restored meandering reaches showed higher cross‐sectional diversity in physical variables and total taxon richness across a reach than did the channelized reach. Almost all taxa observed in the natural and restored meandering reaches were concentrated in the shallowest marginal habitats near the banks. Shear velocity increasing with water depth had a negative association with macroinvertebrate density and richness.
• 4. This study demonstrated that the shallow river bed along the inside of bends formed point bars that provided a highly stable substrate, a suitable habitat for macroinvertebrates in a lowland river. It is concluded that meander restoration could be an effective strategy for in‐stream habitat restoration in lowland meandering rivers.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Allometric and ontogenetic patterns related to feeding of a neotropical fish, Satanoperca pappaterra (Perciformes, Cichlidae)     

F. A. S. Cassemiro  T. F. L. V. B. Rangel  F. M. Pelicice  N. S. Hahn 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2008,17(1):155-164

Abstract –  This study aims to analyse whether Satanoperca pappaterra changes its feeding habit throughout ontogenetic development, and whether morphological ontogenetic patterns are related to its feeding habit and food capture. We collected 258 individuals in the Cuiabá river basin (Brazil) for analyses. There was a weak relationship between diet and body size, as evidenced by size class and multivariate analyses, and niche breadth did not vary strongly during ontogenetic development. Eight morphometric variables were measured in each individual. We found an isometric relationship for mouth height and width, and for head length. We found positive allometry for snout length and body height in relation to body length, whereas this relationship for intestine length and eye diameter showed negative allometry. These results suggest that morphology and consequently diet vary weakly during ontogenetic development of S. pappaterra .  相似文献   

施氮水平对7S亚基缺失大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜妍  王清泉  李远明  王绍东  刘伟 《大豆科学》2017,36(2)

为有效推广功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品种,以7S亚基缺失大豆品系东富2号为研究对象,设置4种施氮水平(纯N),N0(0 mg·kg~(-1))、N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))、N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))、N3(75 mg·kg~(-1)),采用桶栽法研究大豆根系形态和结瘤固氮对不同施氮水平的响应。结果表明:N1(25 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根系干重加大,根冠比增大,根瘤固氮潜力高,单株产量较高。N2(50 mg·kg~(-1))水平下根长、根表面积、根体积在生育后期增长较快,根系干重较大,根冠比低,固氮酶活性最高,单株籽粒产量最高。N3(75 mg·kg~(-1))水平下植株干重较大,无效生长较多,根瘤数少,固氮潜力和根冠比低,单株产量不高。综合籽粒产量和根系特性指标,功能型大豆7S亚基缺失品系东富2号的适宜施肥量为25~50 mg·kg~(-1)。  相似文献   

氮素穗肥运筹对两个杂交中籼稻叶片形态、光合生产及产量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

秦俭  杨志远孙永健徐徽吕腾飞代邹郑家奎蒋开锋马均 《中国水稻科学》2017,31(4):391-399

【目的】为探究氮素穗肥不同促花肥和保花肥比例对水稻光合生产和产量的影响,并为水稻氮素穗肥管理提供依据,【方法】以株型和产量均存在较大差异的2个杂交中稻品种(德香4103和宜香3724)为材料,在常规施氮量(180 kg/hm2)下,研究了占总氮40%的穗肥不同促花肥和保花肥运筹比例(1∶3,2∶2,3∶1,4∶0)对水稻叶片生长、形态、光合生产及产量的影响。【结果】2个水稻品种均在低促花肥、高保花肥时(1∶3)表现出叶片直立、受光形态好,净光合速率高和群体干物质积累量大的特点,并最终获得较高产量;而在高促花肥、低保花肥下,2个水稻品种的剑叶、倒2叶叶面积和叶角增大,披垂度增加,群体质量变差,结实率和粒重下降,产量降低。德香4103因其颖花量较大,上3叶叶面积和总叶面积相对适宜,粒叶比高,且在不同穗肥运筹下叶面积和叶角变幅较小,因而受光姿态和群体质量更优,干物质积累量更大,产量更高。【结论】水稻氮素穗肥运筹应塑造良好叶片形态和群体质量,并增加花后物质积累量才能有助于产量提高;并对水稻株叶型选育进行了探讨。  相似文献   

PEG胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗抗旱生理指标的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

谢燕  张庆龙  胡玲  王法宏  李豪圣  孔令安 《麦类作物学报》2017,(7):947-954

为给小麦抗旱育种的早期筛选工作提供理论依据,以济麦262(抗旱型)、烟农19(中间型)和临麦2号(水分敏感型)为材料,采用PEG模拟干旱胁迫,探究干旱胁迫对不同小麦品种幼苗生物量、含水量、根系形态特征、抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,PEG胁迫下,三个品种中济麦262的生物量最大,地下部含水量显著高于临麦2号和烟农19;其根系的总长、总投影面积、总面积和总体积最大,且受抑制程度最低;其抗氧化酶活性在一定程度上明显增强,尤其是叶片和根系过氧化物酶、根系超氧化物歧化酶及叶片过氧化氢酶活性增强幅度显著高于临麦2号和烟农19;其叶片光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP)和PSⅡ的实际光化学效率与CK相比均呈下降的趋势,其中qP下降程度最低,荧光非光化学淬灭显著增强且高于其他两个品种。综上所述,在PEG胁迫下抗旱品种的生长受抑制程度最小,清除氧自由基能力较强,光能利用率高。  相似文献   

施氮量对滴灌冬小麦茎部特征及其抗倒伏性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁玉超  张永强  石书兵  陈兴武  赛力汗·赛  薛丽华  雷钧杰 《麦类作物学报》2017,(11):1467-1472

为了研究施氮量对滴灌冬小麦茎部形态特征及其抗倒伏能力的影响,在2014-2015年冬小麦生长季,以新冬18号为试验材料,在大田滴灌条件下研究了300(N_1)、360(N_2)、420(N_3)和480(N_4)kg·hm~(-2)四个不同氮肥水平对冬小麦茎部形态特征、力学特征及抗倒伏性能的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,滴灌冬小麦的株高逐渐增高,重心高度升高,平均节间长度增长,单株鲜重增加,而基部节间直径减小,茎秆基部的机械强度及抗倒伏指数降低;随着生育进程的推进,冬小麦茎秆基部的机械强度及抗倒伏指数均呈降低的趋势。茎秆的机械强度和抗倒伏指数与株高、重心高度、单茎鲜重显著负相关,与基部节间直径呈显著正相关。N_2处理小麦倒伏率较低,产量最高,为6 315.76kg·hm~(-2),分别较N_1、N_3、N_4处理产量高4.72%、6.69%和13.59%。在本试验条件下,适当控制施氮量可以降低滴灌小麦倒伏率,增加产量。  相似文献   

葡萄炭疽病菌鉴定及同源性分析     

刘丽  刘长远  王辉  关天舒  于舒怡  李柏宏 《中国农学通报》2017,33(35):132-136

为揭示葡萄炭疽病菌种类和遗传特征,给深入研究该病提供科学理论依据。本研究对不同地区的26株葡萄炭疽病菌通过形态学和r DNA-ITS序列分析进行鉴定及同源性研究。利用真菌通用引物ITS4、ITS5对病菌基因组进行PCR扩增,将测序结果与NCBI数据库上已知序列进行比对,同时利用Clustalx 1.83和MEGA 5.0软件进行聚类分析。结果表明:病菌菌落为白色或灰白色,菌丝呈绒状或絮状,分生孢子为圆柱形或圆筒状,单孢,无色;测得病菌ITS序列为500 bp左右,鉴定病原均为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)。不同地区葡萄炭疽菌的r DNA-ITS序列同源性高,亲缘关系比较近,但是各菌株间存在着遗传差异,并且菌株之间差异与地理来源和品种无明显的相关性。  相似文献   

格木寄生线虫中国新记录种——卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫Cryphodera kalesari     

王宏洪  蔡润得  黄少彬  廖金铃 《植物保护》2019,45(5):178-185

在对广东省主要珍贵树种上的线虫进行调查时从格木Erythrophleum fordii上分离到一种隐皮孢囊线虫,经形态特征观察和测量数据分析,将其鉴定为卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫Cryphodera kalesari。其诊断特征为:雌虫椭圆形至近球形,头部具有1个唇盘和2～3个唇环,口针长33.6～37.8μm,阴门唇突出,阴门与肛门之间区域凹陷,肛阴距为42～72μm;2龄幼虫头部具1个明显的唇盘和3个唇后环纹,口针长24.8～29.5μm,口针基部球前缘凹陷,侧区3条侧线,尾长圆锥形,长38～53.5μm,尾末端细圆,透明尾长17.1～25.1μm,侧尾腺孔位于肛门后2～5环;雄虫未发现。本研究首次获得了卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫的rDNA(LSU D2D3和ITS)序列,为此线虫的鉴定提供了可靠的分子数据。本研究还分析了卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫与本属其他种类的系统进化关系。卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫为中国的地理新记录种。格木为隐皮孢囊线虫的新寄主。  相似文献