格木寄生线虫中国新记录种——卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫Cryphodera kalesari     

王宏洪  蔡润得  黄少彬  廖金铃 《植物保护》2019,45(5):178-185

在对广东省主要珍贵树种上的线虫进行调查时从格木Erythrophleum fordii上分离到一种隐皮孢囊线虫,经形态特征观察和测量数据分析,将其鉴定为卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫Cryphodera kalesari。其诊断特征为:雌虫椭圆形至近球形,头部具有1个唇盘和2～3个唇环,口针长33.6～37.8μm,阴门唇突出,阴门与肛门之间区域凹陷,肛阴距为42～72μm;2龄幼虫头部具1个明显的唇盘和3个唇后环纹,口针长24.8～29.5μm,口针基部球前缘凹陷,侧区3条侧线,尾长圆锥形,长38～53.5μm,尾末端细圆,透明尾长17.1～25.1μm,侧尾腺孔位于肛门后2～5环;雄虫未发现。本研究首次获得了卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫的rDNA(LSU D2D3和ITS)序列,为此线虫的鉴定提供了可靠的分子数据。本研究还分析了卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫与本属其他种类的系统进化关系。卡勒萨隐皮孢囊线虫为中国的地理新记录种。格木为隐皮孢囊线虫的新寄主。  相似文献   

施氮对苜蓿初花期光合日变化、叶片形态及干物质产量的影响     

孙延亮  赵俊威  刘选帅  李生仪  马春晖  王旭哲  张前兵 《草业学报》2022,31(9):63-75

通过研究不同氮素水平下滴灌苜蓿叶片形态特征、光合日变化规律,分析不同施氮水平下滴灌苜蓿光合日变化、叶片形态与干物质产量的关系,以期进一步揭示施氮对紫花苜蓿干物质及产量形成的影响机制,进而为优化实际生产中紫花苜蓿的氮管理策略提供理论依据。采用单因素随机区组设计,设置0(CK)、60(N₁)、120(N₂)和180kg·hm^-2(N₃)共4个施氮水平,在紫花苜蓿初花期对光合日变化、叶片形态、叶片氮含量和苜蓿产量构成进行测定。结果表明,施氮处理下苜蓿的叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均高于不施氮处理,施氮处理的苜蓿叶片胞间CO₂浓度低于不施氮处理。对净光合速率和蒸腾速率综合影响最大的环境因子是光合有效辐射。随着施氮量的增加,紫花苜蓿的叶长、叶宽、叶面积、比叶重,以及叶片干重、茎秆干重、干物质产量、叶片氮含量、淀粉和可溶性糖含量均呈先增加后降低的趋势。不同施氮水平下,对叶片形态结构影响最大的为叶面积,其次分别为比叶重、叶长和叶宽,对苜蓿干物质产量影响从大到小依次为叶片氮含量>...  相似文献   

烤烟烟叶腺毛发育细胞学研究     

易克  徐向丽  卢秀萍  王勇  周冀衡  朱卫平  陶聪 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,33(6):678-680

利用常规石蜡切片技术研究烤烟烟叶长柄腺毛和短柄腺毛的形态发育过程.结果表明,烤烟烟叶长柄腺毛和短柄腺毛原始细胞均来源于原表皮,都经过两次平周分裂形成1个基细胞、1个柄细胞和1个顶细胞,两者的发生和早期发育相同,在以后的发育中,由于柄细胞和分泌细胞的不同分裂方式分别形成长柄单细胞腺头腺毛、长柄多细胞腺头腺毛和短柄多细胞腺头腺毛.  相似文献   

鳙异源雌核发育子代的形态学研究     

徐永福  王金龙  伍远安  李传武  何志刚  王卫民 《淡水渔业》2016,(2)

本研究在已成功利用鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)(♀)×兴国红鲤(Cyprinus carpio Var.Xingguo)(♂)远缘杂交诱导鳙异源雌核发育的基础上,测定了鳙异源雌核发育子代及其母本鳙和父本兴国红鲤3组实验鱼的7项可量性状,计算其框架系数,并采用单因素方差分析、判别分析、主成分分析和聚类分析对三组鱼框架系数的差异和距离进行了分析。结果显示3组鱼多项框架系数间均具显著差异,雌核发育子代较母本表现为体型更高,头更长。判别分析能将3组鱼明显判别分为3个区域,其中雌核发育子代和兴国红鲤的判别准确率均为100%,母本鳙群体判别准确率为94.4%,总判别准确率为97.9%。主成分分析结果显示,可提取2个主成分,其中主成分1能解释64.504%的变异,主成分2能解释21.292%的变异,二者合并能解释85.796%的变异。聚类分析表明雌核发育子代形态学可量性状指标更接近于母本鳙,与父本兴国红鲤距离较远。本研究结果表明雌核发育后,鳙异源雌核发育子代主要可量性状与双亲产生显著差异,但更接近于母本。  相似文献   

池塘养殖和野生长江水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹形态学及生化组成的比较研究   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7  

何杰  吴旭干  龙晓文  马明君  黄庆  赵恒亮  成永旭 《水产学报》2015,39(11):1665-1678

采用形态学测量和生化分析等方法,比较了野生和池塘养殖条件下长江水系中华绒螯蟹扣蟹的形态学、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、常规生化组成和脂肪酸组成。结果发现:野生和池塘养殖扣蟹的形态学特征差异较大,雌雄个体均有4个贡献较大的主成分(PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4),其中PC1的贡献率均远高于其他主成分,两者PC1分别由16和19个主要影响变量构成;所测36个形态学指标中,两群体雄蟹和雌蟹分别有25和22个形态学指标差异显著,进一步筛选判别贡献率较大的4~5个指标分别建立判断方程,综合判别准确率达95%以上;野生扣蟹的HSI、组织中总脂、躯体肌肉的16:0、18:1n9和20:4n6含量均高于池塘养殖扣蟹,后者组织中水分含量、躯体肌肉中的18:0、20:5n3和22:6n3高于前者。研究表明,野生和池塘养殖扣蟹的形态学和生化组成均存在较大差异,可以根据两群体扣蟹的形态学差异和判别方程鉴别两种扣蟹蟹种。  相似文献   

Morphological development and allometric growth of yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi V. larvae under culture conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño  Karina González‐Álvarez  Juan Pablo Lazo  Juan Manuel Audelo‐Naranjo  Antonio Vélez‐Medel 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(4):1277-1287

Morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Seriola lalandi larvae were assessed to characterize normal growth patterns under culture conditions. Early ontogenetic stages of yellowtail kingfish exhibited an exponential growth in terms of standard length as a function of age. Five development stages were characterized from hatching to the juvenile stage: larval stage I (0–2 days post hatch, dph) with endogenous feeding, characterized by a small yolk sac, unpigmented eyes, primordial finfold surrounding the body and a closed mouth; larval stage II (2–15 dph) characterized by mouth opening, complete pigmentation of eyes and the beginning of the exogenous feeding; subsequently, in the larval stage III (15–25 dph) the posterior tip of notochord of the larvae bended upward and the first rays appeared in fins, concomitant with a change in swimming behaviour; thereafter, larval stage IV (post‐flexion stage; 25–30 dph) began when larvae resembled in morphology to a juvenile organism; however, caudal and dorsal fins were not completely development. Lastly, the juvenile stage was reached 30 dph characterized by a morphology and fin structures similar to those of the adults. Growth and development of structures and organs associated with vital functions such as feeding, sensorial and breathing systems seemed to be more critical previous to 23 dph, which was reflected with a positive allometric growth of head and eyes during this period. The results from this study can be used as a tool‐guide to assess normal development in larval research with S. lalandi to improve existing rearing protocols in hatchery production.  相似文献   

额尔齐斯河银鲫形态学及COI基因序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟玮  郭焱  海萨  杨天燕  高攀 《淡水渔业》2010,40(5)

采用传统形态学方法和线粒体COI基因序列分析对额尔齐斯河银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)两个群体的形态和遗传差异进行了比较。结果显示:通过对8个可量性状和20个框架数据的主成分分析可以看出,两个群体分别占据两个不相重叠的区域,两个群体在形态上存在明显分化。COI基因序列分析显示,两群体之间遗传距离为0.012,群体间遗传距离是群体内最大遗传距离的4倍,两群体间在编码的氨基酸序列上出现了一处替换,群体遗分化指数值为0.96078,基因流值为0.01,表明群体间缺乏基因交流,群体间有明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)     

Xiao‐Qing Dong  Gui‐Juan Qu  Yu‐Ke Chen  Gui‐Qin Wang  Dan Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1752-1761

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.  相似文献   

西伯利亚鲟消化道形态学和组织学的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈宁宁  章龙珍  庄平  张涛  赵峰  黄桂云 《海洋渔业》2011,33(1)

对人工养殖2龄西伯利亚鲟消化道的形态解剖学和显微组织学结构进行了观察。研究结果表明,西伯利亚鲟的消化道从前至后分为口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、瓣肠和直肠,食道与胃的分界不明显,形成一个"食道-胃过渡区",胃分为贲门部、胃体部和幽门部。组织学研究显示:西伯利亚鲟的消化道由内向外一般分为粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层。其中食道粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,含杯状细胞和粘液细胞。"食道-胃过渡区"已有腺体存在。胃上皮细胞为单层柱状上皮细胞,无杯状细胞,胃的粘膜表面有许多上皮凹陷形成的胃小凹,幽门部的胃小凹较贲门部和胃体部深;贲门部和胃体部中含有大量的胃腺,幽门部无胃腺。幽门盲囊的管腔内被向内深入的肌层分割成许多完全或不完全的囊腔;粘膜褶皱和褶皱上的绒毛纵横交错,形成网状。肠上皮均为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞间分布有大量的杯状细胞;粘膜褶皱的高度和数量、杯状细胞的数量从前至后递减:十二指肠粘膜褶皱细而高,上有许多绒毛;瓣肠粘膜和粘膜下层向管腔内突出并卷曲,形成螺旋瓣;直肠的粘膜褶皱矮且宽。  相似文献   

鸭绿江花羔红点鲑研究进展     

黄权  孟繁伊  孙晓雨  林崇峰  周风声  孙锴 《水产学杂志》2005,18(2):89-96

本文综述了鸭绿江花羔红点鲑在形态,生态和养殖等方面研究进展,并提出今后的主要研究方向,保护措施和发展前景。  相似文献