松材线虫病检疫检验取样方法的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

蹇永训  李海燕  王玉女燕  苏宏钧  田向华 《中国森林病虫》2001,20(4):5-6,23

对24个样本分别采用木条（10g)和0.6cm钻头钻取的木屑（10g)作为分离材料进行线虫分离，利用方差分析的方法对线虫分离结果进行分析，其差异不显著，两种取样方法对线虫检验的结果没有影响，对19个样本分别采用木条（10g)和用1cm的钻头钻取的木屑（10g和5g)3种分离材料进行线虫分离，同样利用方差分析对虫分离结果进行分析，其差异也不显著，3种分离材料对线虫检验结果同样没有影响。因此，利用电钻取样是可行的，这种方法快速简便，易于推广应用。  相似文献   

沟环线虫属一新种-合川沟环线虫(垫刃目:环科)          下载免费PDF全文

胡凯基  朱伟生 《林业科学研究》1990,3(6):558-561

合川沟环线虫Ogma hechuanensis n.sp.采自四川合川县柑桔根围土壤中，该种雌虫体较长，R＝64－74。第一头环直矩大于第二环。头体间缢缩明显。体中部鳞片列通常为11－12。鳞片近方形，近阴门处其先端呈锯齿状。口针长116．54－13．7．91μm,Rexp=19-22。阴门、肛门距尾端近，Rv=5-7，Ra=2－4。尾端钝，具数个鳞片，与近似种O.querci在以上特征上可相区别。  相似文献   

接种用松材线虫分离种群的筛选   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高景斌  蔡卫兵  徐六一  席启俊  户田忠雄 《林业科技开发》2005,19(1):24-27

自2001年10月以来开展了“马尾松松材线虫抗性育种技术的开发”的项目工作，为选拔马尾松松材线虫抗性候补树，确保接种用的松材线虫虫源，对松材线虫分离种群的繁殖、致病力和增殖能力作了研究。对不同地区采取由松材线虫致死的19棵当年枯死木样品，用贝曼漏斗法从中分离出19个松材线虫分离种群，在25℃条件下，成功培养16个分离种群。在2a生黑松苗上进行接种，测定松材线虫的致病力。55d后在野外试验区的感病率为26．1％～97．6％，大棚试验区的感病率为84．4％～100％，野外与大棚内的加权平均感病率差20％以上，显示出松材线虫致病力由气温增高和土壤干燥而增强。分别对16个分离种群以相同的接种头数在PDA培养，其繁殖面积的快慢不同；以大量繁殖为目的，在同量的小麦培养基中以相同的接种量，各自的繁殖量也不同，每培养皿的繁殖量为98万～176万头。根据试验结果，选用致病力最强、繁殖力较强的广朱3B松材线虫分离种群作为接种用松材线虫的接种虫源。  相似文献   

Exploring the limitations of pathophysiological indicators used for targeted selective treatment in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus     

《Veterinary parasitology》2015,207(1-2):85-93

Identifying which sheep to treat as part of a Targeted Selective Treatment approach to gastro-intestinal nematode control relies entirely on the efficacy of the indicators. Indicators such as FAMACHA© (anaemia), DISCO (diarrhea) and reductions in weight gains were designed specifically to reflect those sheep experiencing symptomatic consequences of infection. Using the gastro-intestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus as a model species, this study explored the utility and sensitivity of these indicators under controlled experimental conditions on 63 adult sheep. The potential effect of sheep with different H. contortus resistance phenotypes on indicator efficacy was compared in three different phenotypes, i.e. high (Blackbelly females), medium (Blackbelly rams) and low resistance (Romane rams). The potential effect of the H. contortus isolate on indicator efficacy was also explored by using four different isolates, with varying anthelmintic resistance capacities, to infect the sheep. We limited the study to the first month of infection to evaluate the interest of these indicators as an early predictive means for controlling infection. The pathophysiological indicators FAMACHA© and DISCO do not reflect infection intensity based on Faecal Egg Counts, nor do reductions in weight gains. FAMACHA© was however a good indicator of anaemia with strong correlations to haematocrit. There was little agreement among the three indicators to identify the same animals in need of treatment and even combining them did not increase their predictive value of infection intensity or relative host damage from infection. The indicator sensitivity was influenced by the H. contortus isolate and sheep resistance phenotype in which they were tested. One isolate was poorly infective but induced high levels of anaemia (FAMACHA©) and diarrhea (DISCO) compared to the three others. The FAMACHA© and DISCO had higher values in the sheep group with a medium resistance phenotype (Blackbelly rams) indicating higher levels of damage compared to the high and low resistance phenotypes. We conclude that there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach to the use of indicators for Targeted Selective Treatment and the indicators should be calibrated to farm-specific conditions to increase their efficacy.  相似文献   

Partial organic substitution weakens the negative effect of chemical fertilizer on soil micro-food webs          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Han-wen  ZHANG Xiao-ke  ZHANG Gui-zong  KOU Xin-chang  LIANG Wen-ju 《农业科学学报》2022,21(10):3037-3050

Soil biotic communities play vital roles in enhancing soil nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Long-term excessive nitrogen (N) application is disadvantageous to the stability of soil food webs and affects arable soil health and sustainable utilization. Proper organic substitution is essential to improve soil health and alleviate the disadvantages of excessive chemical fertilization. However, the biological effects of various organic amendments on soil micro-food webs are poorly understood. In order to explore the effects of various organic amendments including stover, biochar and manure on soil micro-food webs (microbial and nematode communities), a field plot experiment with maize having five treatments viz., 100% urea (100% N), 70% urea (70% N), 70% urea plus stover (Stover), 70% urea plus cattle manure (Manure) and 70% urea plus biochar (Biochar) was conducted. Manure treatment increased the carbon (C) to N use efficiency of soil microbes, which contributed to the retention of soil C, while Biochar treatment elevated soil organic C (SOC) and soil pH. Additionally, Biochar treatment mitigated the negative effects of soil acidification on the soil micro-food web and reduced the abundance of plant parasites. Overall, the biological effect of organic amendments was distinguished from chemical fertilization (100% N and 70% N) through principal co-ordinates analysis. Negative relationships among soil properties, microbial and nematode biomass in the 100% N treatment were diminished in treatments where chemical fertilizer was reduced. The bottom-up effects on soil food webs were observed in organic substitution treatments. In conclusion, organic amendments improved soil fertility by regulating soil microbial and nematode communities in the cropland ecosystem, alleviated the negative effects of chemical fertilizer on the micro-food webs and controlled the trophic cascades among soil biota.  相似文献   

不同生物制剂对南方根结线虫杀虫活性与防治效果     

李运朝  李洪涛  及华  李俊花  李超楠  章丽  金小艳 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(12):2810-2816

为探讨不同生物制剂对南方根结线虫杀虫活性及其防治效果,采用实验室分离培养的10株芽孢杆菌和2种山杏壳木醋液对南方根结线虫进行杀虫活性筛选,并利用温室盆栽番茄实验和番茄田间试验对筛选出的制剂进行防治效果验证。室内生测验证实验表明,有4株芽孢杆菌发酵液和山杏壳木醋液对南方根结线虫有较好的毒杀作用。菌株XYG169发酵液对线虫校正死亡率为84.9%;菌株BMT295发酵液对线虫校正死亡率为100%;菌株BMT256发酵液对线虫校正死亡率为97.9%;菌株YLT74发酵液对线虫校正死亡率为80.7%。山杏壳木醋液稀释100、200、400、600倍和800倍溶液的线虫校正死亡率分别为100%、100%、92.8%、65.4%和42.5%。盆栽实验表明BMT295粉剂4g+山杏壳木醋液300倍液处理防效最好,相对防效为74.00%。田间试验表明BMT295粉剂+山杏壳木醋液300倍液处理对南方根结线虫防治效果最好,其相对防效为64.54%,该结论与盆栽实验结论一致。综合室内生测实验、盆栽实验和田间试验结果,BMT295粉剂和山杏壳木醋液联合使用防治效果显著,可以作为生物杀线虫剂进一步在田间试验推广。  相似文献   

广西水稻线虫的分离鉴定     

黄金玲  ;陆秀红  ;万宇力  ;刘志明 《广西农业科学》2014,(2):218-221

【目的】明确广西部分稻区水稻长势差、叶尖端扭曲成灰白色干尖的原因,为生产上该病害的治理提供理论依据。【方法】通过直接浸泡分离法和改良贝曼漏斗法分离线虫,应用形态学和分子生物学手段相结合的方法对线虫进行鉴定。【结果】从水稻稻穗和稻秆中分离到一种线虫,形态鉴定显示,热杀死后雌虫唇区扩张,缢缩明显,口针较细,口针基部球稍膨大,中食道球长圆形,约占体宽的3/4,峡部细,食道腺背面覆盖肠,雌虫阴门位于虫体中后部,卵巢1个;用特异引物对其进行基因序列扩增,得到一条约300 bp的片段,确定造成广西部分水稻叶尖端干尖症状的病原为水稻干尖线虫。【结论】水稻干尖线虫在广西有分布和危害,应采取措施避免其扩散蔓延。  相似文献   

蔬菜根结线虫致病机理及其防控技术研究进展     

王艳艳  魏珉  杨凤娟  李  岩史庆华  王秀峰 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(2):9

根结线虫严重影响蔬菜的生长发育、产量和品质,是制约蔬菜高产高效的重要病原物之一。本文综述了根结线虫的致病机理、蔬菜抗根结线虫的机制、影响根结线虫侵染的环境因素以及蔬菜根结线虫防控技术等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

玫瑰黄链霉菌对根结线虫的防效及对土壤微生物区系的影响     

乔丹娜  张艳杰  李华义  沈凤英  李珍珍  刘大群  李亚宁 《中国蔬菜》2014,1(9):30-36

利用玫瑰黄链霉菌Men-myco-93-63 菌株的固、液体发酵物防治设施番茄和黄瓜根结线虫,研究其对根结线虫的防效以及施用生防菌对土壤微生物区系的影响。结果表明：Men-myco-93-63 菌株固体发酵物1 V∶200 V对黄瓜和番茄根结线虫病的防效分别达到了65.62% 和57.69%;施用生防菌使得植株根际土壤中细菌数量增加了19.57%,放线菌数量增加了316.67%,真菌数量降低了28.57%,以上3 种可培养微生物总量由7.4×10⁶ cfu·g^-1增加到16.75×10⁶ cfu·g^-1,增加了126.35%。  相似文献   

亚麻、蓖麻和大麻浸提液对SCN化感作用的研究     

刘淑霞  潘冬梅  魏国江  杜春玉  高宇  韩喜财  姜颖 《中国麻业》2014,(2):72-75,84

利用亚麻、蓖麻和大麻三种植物不同器官浸提液对SCN卵和J2的室内毒力进行了测定,结果表明亚麻根提取物显著促进胞囊孵化,且对SCNJ2毒杀效果最好;同一植物根提取物对SCNJ：毒杀效果随着浓度的增大而增强。  相似文献