Pyrethroid insecticide resistance in British populations of the cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella     

Springate S  Colvin J 《Pest management science》2012,68(2):260-267

BACKGROUND: The cabbage whitefly, Aleyrodes proletella L., is emerging as a significant pest of field brassica crops in certain regions of the United Kingdom. In order to investigate the contribution of pesticide resistance to this phenomenon, A. proletella populations were sampled from five different areas in England in 2008 and 2009. Adult residual leaf‐dip bioassays were carried out using pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides. RESULTS: Significant resistance to pyrethroids was found in multiple samples collected from two areas. No evidence of cross‐resistance to neonicotinoids was found in a subset of the pyrethroid‐resistant populations. While the patterns of resistance to different pyrethroids were broadly correlated, the magnitude of resistance factors differed substantially. Survival of strains at a putative diagnostic concentration of lambda‐cyhalothrin was found to provide a guide to their LC₅₀. Significant differences in LC₅₀ were found when different brassica crops were used in the bioassay, although the resistance patterns between strains were maintained. CONCLUSION: Reduced susceptibility to multiple pyrethroid insecticides exists in populations of A. proletella in the United Kingdom, corresponding to recent major outbreaks. The mechanism(s) of resistance are yet to be determined, but molecular structural differences in pyrethroids probably influence the magnitude of cross‐resistance within this group of insecticides. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

20%查虫清水剂防治茶园主要害虫的药效     

刘明炎  毛迎新  谭荣荣  张加川 《湖北农业科学》2012,51(9):1778-1780

植物源农药20％查虫清水剂防治茶园主要害虫的药效试验结果表明,20％查虫清水剂对茶小绿叶蝉、茶橙瘿螨、茶尺蠖防治效果较好,持效期长,每公顷用药量5400 mL药后14d防效分别为87.3％、95.3％、94.6％,可兼治黑刺粉虱、碧蛾蜡蝉等5种害虫,对蜘蛛等5类天敌影响较小,适宜在广大茶区推广应用.  相似文献   

2种用药方案对稻田主要天敌群落结构影响的差异     

徐雪亮  姚英娟  朱雪晶  舒平平  李永平 《华中农业大学学报》2012,31(5):613-616

通过田间试验,观察并分析2种用药方案对稻田害虫天敌群落结构影响的差异。结果表明:噻嗪酮与氯虫苯甲酰胺混配(用药方案Ⅰ)后施用,田间害虫天敌的科数和虫数均多于吡虫啉与毒死蜱混配(用药方案Ⅱ)后施用的田块;用药方案Ⅰ处理的田间天敌群落香农指数和均匀性指数均显著高于用药方案Ⅱ处理的田块;用药方案Ⅰ处理田间捕食类天敌狼蛛科和肖蛸科的优势度显著高于用药方案Ⅱ处理和对照;用药方案Ⅰ处理田间茧蜂科和皿蛛科的优势度显著低于用药方案Ⅱ处理,说明以噻嗪酮与氯虫苯甲酰胺混配后防治稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟比用吡虫啉与毒死蜱混配防治对天敌更加安全。  相似文献   

Insecticidal activity of crude seed extracts of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Annona</Emphasis> spp.,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lansium domesticum</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sandoricum koetjape</Emphasis> against lepidopteran larvae     

J.?Audrey?Leatemia  Murray?B.?IsmanEmail author 《Phytoparasitica》2004,32(1):30-37

Crude ethanolic seed extracts ofAnnona muricata, A. squamosa (Annonaceae),Lansium domesticum andSandoricum koetjape (Meliaceae) collected from different locations and years in Maluku, Indonesia, were screened for inhibition of larval growth against the polyphagous lepidopteranSpodoptera litura (Noctuidae). Extracts ofA. squamosa were significantly more active (20-fold) than those ofA. muricata. A. squamosa collected from Namlea yielded the extracts with the greatest inhibitory activity. There were significant differences among locations for bothA. squamosa andA. muricata but not forL. domesticum andS. koetjape. Extracts ofA. squamosa, collected from Namlea, inhibited larval growth in a dose-dependent manner, with a dietary EC₅₀ (effective concentration to inhibit growth by 50% relative to controls) of 191.7 ppm fresh weight. Extracts ofA. squamosa collected from individual trees in Namlea also varied in growth inhibitory effect againstS. litura andTrichoplusia ni larvae. This species is a candidate for development of a botanical insecticide for local use in Indonesia. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 1, 2003.  相似文献   

Identification of the Rdl mutation in laboratory and field strains of the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)     

Bass C  Schroeder I  Turberg A  Field LM  Williamson MS 《Pest management science》2004,60(12):1157-1162

In many insect species, resistance to cyclodiene insecticides is caused by amino acid substitutions at a single residue (A302) within the M2 transmembrane region of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor sub-unit termed Rdl (resistance to dieldrin). These mutations (A302S and A302G) have also been shown to confer varying levels of cross-resistance to fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide with a similar mode of action to cyclodienes. To investigate the possible occurrence of these mutations in the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), a 176-bp fragment of the cat flea Rdl gene, encompassing the mutation site, was PCR amplified and sequenced from nine laboratory flea strains. The A302S mutation was found in eight of the nine strains analysed, although the relative frequency of the mutant allele varied between strains. Only one strain (R6) was found to be homozygous for the S302 allele in all the individuals tested, and this correlated with previous reports of low-level fipronil resistance in this strain. A PCR-based diagnostic assay, capable of screening individual fleas for this mutation, was developed and used to survey a range of fleas collected at random from veterinary clinics in the UK and USA. The A302S mutation was present at a high frequency in these domestic pet populations.  相似文献   

Comparison of anti-feedant and insecticidal activity of nimbin and salannin photo-oxidation products with neem (Azadirachta indica) limonoids     

Simmonds MS  Jarvis AP  Johnson S  Jones GR  Morgan ED 《Pest management science》2004,60(5):459-464

Photo-oxidation of the neem limonoids nimbin and salannin with UV light in the presence of oxygen gives two isomeric lactone products per limonoid, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, and salanninolide and isosalanninolide, respectively. When compared in insect tests with the important limonoids of neem seeds, azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, isonimbinolide and isosalanninolide show activity greater than that of nimbin or salannin and in some respects show activity approaching that of azadirachtin. The photo-oxidation products were tested for anti-feedant activity and toxicity against larvae of three species of Lepidoptera, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd), Spodoptera frugiperda (FE Smith) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and nymphs of the locusts Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk?l) and Locusta migratoria (L).  相似文献   

Fumigation toxicity of volatile natural and synthetic cyanohydrins to stored-product pests and activity as soil fumigants     

Park DS  Peterson C  Zhao S  Coats JR 《Pest management science》2004,60(8):833-838

Insecticidal fumigation toxicity of natural and synthetic cyanohydrins was evaluated with four stored-product pests: the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F), the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst, the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis L, the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) and the house fly, Musca domestica L. The fumigation LC50 values were calculated by probit analysis. For house flies, all but one of the cyanohydrins tested were more potent than 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone). Three were as efficacious as chloropicrin. For the lesser grain borer, all cyanohydrins tested were more insecticidal than dichloropropene, and all but one were more potent than chloropicrin. Four were as insecticidal as dichlorvos. The acetate of 1-cyano-1-hydroxy-2-propene (CHP-ace) was also tested in soil for antifungal and antibacterial activity, and inhibition of weed seed germination. CHP-ace reduced the total soil bacterial and fungal counts significantly, and was effective in inhibiting the germination of weed seeds in soil, indicating a broad spectrum of activity as a soil fumigant.  相似文献   

Genetics of spinosad resistance in a multi-resistant field-selected population of Plutella xylostella   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sayyed AH  Omar D  Wright DJ 《Pest management science》2004,60(8):827-832

Resistance to the bacteria-derived insecticides spinosad (Conserve), abamectin (Vertimec), Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk) (Dipel), B thuringiensis var aizawai (Bta) (Xentari), B thuringiensis crystal endotoxins Cry1Ac and Cry1Ca, and to the synthetic insecticide fipronil was estimated in a freshly-collected field population (CH1 strain) of Plutella xylostella (L) from the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Laboratory bioassays at G1 indicated significant levels of resistance to spinosad, abamectin, Cry1Ac, Btk, Cry1Ca, fipronil and Bta when compared with a laboratory insecticide-susceptible population. Logit regression analysis of F1 reciprocal crosses indicated that resistance to spinosad in the CH1 population was inherited as a co-dominant trait. At the highest dose of spinosad tested, resistance was close to completely recessive, while at the lowest dose it was incompletely dominant. A direct test of monogenic inheritance based on a back-cross of F1 progeny with CH1 suggested that resistance to spinosad was controlled by a single locus.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of twelve insecticides applied topically to diapausing larvae of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L     

Pasquier D  Charmillot PJ 《Pest management science》2004,60(3):305-308

Dose-mortality curves were established for 12 insecticides administered by topical application to diapausing larvae from a susceptible codling moth strain. Toxicity varied greatly among the insecticides tested. LC50 values ranged from 0.1 mg kg(-1) for fenoxycarb to over 2800 mg kg(-1) for diflubenzuron and indoxacarb. Discriminating dose levels were determined from dose-mortality reference curves for the detection of resistance in field-collected diapausing larvae.  相似文献   

Cross-resistance potential of fipronil in Musca domestica   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Kristensen M  Jespersen JB  Knorr M 《Pest management science》2004,60(9):894-900

The toxicity of fipronil to insecticide-susceptible houseflies and the cross-resistance potential of fipronil were determined for six insecticide-resistant laboratory housefly strains by topical application and feeding bioassay. The insecticide-resistant strains represented different levels and patterns of resistance to pyrethroids, organophosphates, carbamates and organochlorines. Five strains were almost susceptible to fipronil in feeding bioassay with resistance factors at LC50 between 0.36 and 3.0. Four of these strains were almost susceptible to topically applied fipronil (resistance factors at LD50 were 0.55, 0.83, 3.3 and 2.5, respectively), whereas one strain was 13-fold resistant to topically applied fipronil. A highly gamma-HCH-resistant strain, 17e, was 430-fold resistant to fipronil in topical application bioassay and 23-fold resistant in feeding bioassay at LD50/LC50. We also tested the toxicity of fipronil in a feeding bioassay and gamma-HCH in topical application bioassay on thirteen housefly field populations. Eleven of the field populations had resistance factors for fipronil ranging from 0.98 to 2.4 at LC50, whereas two populations were 4.0- and 4.6-fold resistant to fipronil. The resistance level to gamma-HCH at LD50 in the field populations ranged from 1.8- to 8.1-fold. The two strains showing fipronil resistance were 3.4- and 8.1-fold resistant to gamma-HCH. Fipronil and gamma-HCH toxicities were positively correlated in the field populations. Biochemical assays of esterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase indicated that the low fipronil resistance observed in laboratory and field strains could be caused by elevated detoxification or be due to a target-site resistance mechanism with cross-resistance to gamma-HCH.  相似文献