竹醋液对西方花蓟马的忌避作用     

徐学农  王恩东  岳永德  王进 《植物保护》2008,34(5):128-131

竹醋液是竹炭加工过程中的副产品,为纯天然产品,在农业上有着广泛的应用。本文在室外笼罩环境下研究了竹醋液对豆株上西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用。结果显示:竹醋液的不同浓度和同一浓度下的不同处理时间,对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用有显著差异。浓度增加显著地提高了竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用,而忌避作用随时间的延长而逐渐降低。质量分数为2.06%和1.03%的竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫有明显的忌避作用,前者在使用后10d时其忌避显著下降。本文同时探讨了竹醋液在西方花蓟马控制上应用的可能性。  相似文献   

非寄主植物提取物对橘小实蝇的产卵拒避作用     

LING Hai-Qing  LIU Shao-Ming  OUYANG Ge-Cheng  YANG Yue-Ping  HUANG Hao-Wei  GE Jia-Jun  XIONG Jin-Jun 《昆虫天敌》2008,(3)

选取4种非寄主植物柠檬桉Eucalyptus citriodora、樟树Cinnamomum camphora、白千层Melaleuca leucadendron、夹竹桃Nerium indicum,初步研究了这4种植物叶子提取物对橘小实蝇Bactroceradorsalis的产卵拒避作用。以无水乙醇作溶剂,供试4种植物中的白千层提取物对橘小实蝇具有较强的产卵拒避作用。检测了橘小实蝇对4种植物的乙醇提取物的触角电位值,发现各生物测定值与雌虫触角电位值呈显著相关性,表明其中的挥发性组分是橘小实蝇对植物提取物产生拒避反应的重要原因之一。用无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚、二氯甲烷作溶剂,分别提取白千层叶,仅乙醇提取物有显著拒避作用;用这4种溶剂分别提取樟树叶,则无水乙醇、乙醚、石油醚作溶剂的提取物都有较好效果。  相似文献   

半闭弯尾姬蜂羽化、交配及产卵行为观察     

陈福寿  王燕  郭九惠  陈宗麒  李向永 《昆虫天敌》2010,(1)

在22℃,相对度60%～70%的实验室条件下,研究了半闭弯尾姬蜂Diadegma semiclausum的羽化、交配与产卵行为。结果表明:半闭弯尾姬蜂蜂蛹从开始羽化到羽化结束历经4d,羽化高峰期出现在羽化的第3d,羽化数量为25头,占全部羽化数量的58.82%;第3d中羽化高峰出现在8:00～13:00,羽化数量为16.5头,占全天羽化数量的66.00%。半闭弯尾姬蜂交配过程大致分为3个阶段:准备阶段、交配阶段、结束阶段;交配后开始产卵,产卵过程大致分为寄主寻找和确定、穿刺和产卵、产卵结束和梳理。  相似文献   

Can sulfur fertilisation improve the effectiveness of trap crops for diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)?     

Francisco R Badenes‐Perez  Michael Reichelt  David G Heckel 《Pest management science》2010,66(8):832-838

BACKGROUND: The effect of sulfur fertilisation on chemical constituents of yellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris (R. Br.), was studied with regard to its potential use as a trap crop for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Two types of B. vulgaris var. arcuata were used: the G‐type, resistant to P. xylostella and proposed as a ‘dead‐end’ trap crop, and the P‐type, not resistant to P. xylostella and used as a control. RESULTS: In G‐type B. vulgaris, sulfur fertilisation increased the content of the dominant glucosinolate (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethylglucosinolate by 20%. Sulfur fertilisation did not significantly change levels of the saponins 3‐0‐β‐cellobiosylhederagenin and 3‐0‐β‐cellobiosyloleanolic acid, known to act as feeding deterrents for P. xylostella larvae. In P‐type B. vulgaris, the same levels of sulfur fertilisation did not change the glucosinolate content significantly. Two‐choice oviposition preference tests with B. vulgaris plants showed that P. xylostella laid 144% and 45% more eggs on G‐ and P‐type plants with sulfur fertilisation respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The studies suggest that sulfur fertilisation could increase the effectiveness of G‐type B. vulgaris as a trap crop for P. xylostella. The effect of plant sulfur fertilisation on P. xylostella oviposition preference is associated with a quantitative glucosinolate increase, but other compounds could also be involved. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

登革热媒介白纹伊蚊产卵的习惯化行为及可持续控制     

李志强  钟俊鸿  肖维良  李秋剑  刘炳荣 《广东农业科学》2010,37(9):186-188

以登革热传播的主要媒介白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)为研究对象,以香茅(Cymbopogon nardus)油为研究用植物次生物质,研究了白纹伊蚊幼虫期经历植物次生物质后,雌蚊对产卵场所的选择行为,分析白纹伊蚊的习惯化行为反应。结果表明,尽管植物次生物质对白纹伊蚊雌蚊产卵具有明显的驱避作用,但其幼虫期对植物次生物质的经历,减弱了其对白纹伊蚊产卵的驱避作用(t=3.37,P0.05)。说明白纹伊蚊可被诱导产生对产卵场所的习惯化行为反应,该行为能力能够降低植物性驱避剂的驱避效果,并探讨了白纹伊蚊的可持续控制。  相似文献   

可可广翅蜡蝉的行为节律观察     

范广玉  刘宁国  杨群  刘学敏  陈文龙 《贵州农业科学》2016,(4)

为进一步做好可可广翅蜡蝉的预测预报及防治工作,采用室内饲养观察的方法对其羽化、交配、产卵的行为及节律进行研究,并对其田间产卵特征进行调查。结果表明:可可广翅蜡蝉成虫羽化发生在晚上和凌晨,白天未见羽化;成虫交配主要发生在白天,晚上很少交配,凌晨未见;成虫全天均可产卵,高峰期集中在上午与凌晨;田间主要将卵产在茎粗为1.5mm左右的嫩茎上,产卵深度约0.9mm,产卵刻痕主要集中在距顶梢3cm范围,平均每刻痕卵量约为11粒。  相似文献   

黄色光对黏虫成虫产卵和寿命的影响     

段云  苗进  巩中军  蒋月丽  李彤  李慧玲  武予清 《植物保护》2016,42(3):175-177

室内条件下研究黄色光源对黏虫成虫产卵和寿命的影响。结果表明,夜间施加黄色光照射能够使黏虫的产卵前期延长1.2d(P=0.002),产卵量减少27%(P=0.001),成虫寿命延长2.3d。可见,夜间施加黄色光照射对黏虫成虫的生物学习性有一定的影响。  相似文献   

Effects of petroleum spray oils on oviposition behaviour and larval survival of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)     

Robert K Mensah  Brigitte Frerot  Faiza Al Dabel 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):111-119

We determined the effects of petroleum spray oil (PSO) (Caltex Canopy®) on oviposition responses of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner adults, and larval survival of the pest moths on cotton and maize plants in the laboratory. Application of 2% (v/v) of the PSO deterred H. armigera oviposition. Increasing the rate from 2 to 5% (v/v) did not significantly reduce the number of eggs laid by H. armigera on the treated plants. In contrast, the minimum rate at which the oil could deter oviposition of O. nubilalis on maize plants was 5% (v/v). Increasing the rate from 5 to 10% (v/v) did not significantly reduce the number of eggs laid per plant. However, a reduction in the rate of the PSO from 5 to 3% (v/v) resulted in a 73.9% increase in oviposition activity on the maize plants. In wind tunnel bioassay tests, all mated H. armigera females tested could detect and settle on plants treated with water but with plants treated with PSO at various times, only 50% of tested females settled on the plants 4?–?5 days after treatment (DAT) and none on the plants 0?–?2 DAT. A solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) test to determine the effect of the PSO on volatiles released by the cotton plants showed that the quantity of volatiles released by the cotton plants treated with PSO was lower than for water treated plants. This indicates that the PSO sprays may be suppressing or masking the leaf surface volatiles of the cotton plants, thereby deterring oviposition of H. armigera. Larval survival data show that PSO sprays can cause direct mortality of first, second and third instar O. nubilalis larvae. PSOs may have the potential to be integrated into pest management programme targeting H. armigera and O. nubilalis on cotton and maize crops, respectively.  相似文献   

稻赤斑沫蝉的生物学与生态学特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李剑泉  赵志模  吴仕源  明珂  侯丽娜 《西南大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,23(2):156-159

稻赤斑沫蝉已由次要害虫上升为主要害虫,在重庆地区一年发生一代。一年四季土壤中都有早卵,5月－9月是若早期,6月－11月为成虫期,6月下旬－8月为成虫盛发期,6月－8月为产卵期。卵或若虫以稻田为中心呈扇形分布,距田距30m－50m范围的旱地作物根系层最多。若早5龄,形态特征分区明显,各龄总历期19天－41天,平均27．7天;1-2龄若虫60％－80％分布在土中15cm-20cm范围内,3－4龄若虫75％－85％在土中5cm－15cm内,高龄若虫90％－95％分布在近地5cm-7cm范围内。饲养发现,1－3龄若虫向上移动的频率很快,从薯根上每隔2天－5天迁移1次,达1cm-3cm;7天－9天可迁移到苕茎叶上去;4－5龄常固定在一处,如不受惊动很少转移。成虫羽化后7天－15天、平均11．9天于上午9－11时、下午14－18时交配频繁,持续交配2h-4h;交尾后3天－8天、平均5．7天左右在有缝隙的土表产卵,散产,每处3－5粒,平均单雌产卵量200粒左右。成虫寿命11天－41天,平均19．2天,雌虫稍长。  相似文献   

Host preference and influence of the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)     

Md. Touhidul Islam  Baoli Qiu 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):320-325

Abstract

Three eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) varieties – ‘Dafeng’, ‘Beisite’, and ‘Baiyu’ – were used in this experiment to discover the least susceptible variety among them to sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) infestation. The investigations were carried out after completing one generation of whitefly based on two points of view. Initially, host preference and suitability of whitefly was investigated based on adult feeding, oviposition, and developmental time. Therefore, it was investigated based on growth responses of eggplant. The average developmental time was shortest for the cohort reared in ‘Dafeng’ (21.3 days), while the longest period (23.2 days) was recorded in ‘Baiyu’. In comparison with the control, less significant changes in the six growth parameters, viz. plant height (12.6%), leaf area (12.7%), dry matter (8.2%), absolute growth rate (26.0%), relative growth rate (25.0%), and net assimilation rate (22.2%) were found in ‘Baiyu’ infested by B. tabaci. Adult attraction and oviposition were reduced while developmental time was increased in ‘Baiyu’ compared with the other two varieties. In addition, the reduction percentages of all the six plant-growth parameters of ‘Baiyu’ were comparatively less than other two varieties to whitefly stress. Our research is focused on a shorter development time; higher feeding, oviposition, and the reduction percentage of plant growth indicate that a plant is a suitable host. In view of this, the present findings indicate that ‘Baiyu’ is less susceptible than the other two varieties, ‘Dafeng’ and ‘Beisite’, for whitefly infestation.  相似文献