预措处理对禾本科牧草种子萌发、成苗及幼苗耐旱性的影响     

王丽娟  李青丰 《中国草地学报》2008,30(1):45-49

对老芒麦、披碱草、无芒雀麦、垂穗披碱草和蒙古冰草五种禾本科牧草种子在浸种处理下的萌发特性及浸种处理和保水剂处理下的成苗率和幼苗的耐旱性进行了研究.结果表明:浸种处理对五种禾本科牧草种子萌发率的影响效果没有规律性,但是其简化活力指数均有提高.浸种处理对垂穗披碱草、无芒雀麦、披碱草和老芒麦幼苗的耐旱性有负面影响,对蒙古冰草幼苗的耐旱性有正面影响.保水剂处理对五种牧草种子的成苗率及幼苗耐旱性均有负面影响.  相似文献   

Tanglehead in Southern Texas: A Native Grass with an Invasive Behavior     

David B. Wester  Fred C. Bryant  Aaron D. Tjelmeland  Joshua L. Grace  Scott L. Mitchell  John T. Edwards  Fidel Hernández  Robert K. Lyons  Megan K. Clayton  Sandra Rideout-Hanzak  Richard V. Machen  J. Alfonso Ortega-S. 《Herpetological Monographs》2018,40(2):37-44

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几种禾本科牧草开花结实特性的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李青丰  常峰等 《内蒙古草业》2000,(1):41-43

本文研究了波碱草等6种中国北方常见禾本科牧草的开花结实特性，描述了植物的开花形态，花器变化等特征，讨论了小花开花顺序，开花持续期以及结实率等特性对种子生产的影响和作用。  相似文献   

Autoclave‐Assisted Acidic Extraction of Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Forage Grasses     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):1731-1746

Abstract

Methods for extracting water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in plants are often time‐consuming and limited to few samples per run. Aiming at resolving such restraints, the utilization of an autoclave in replacement of the traditional reflux‐based protocol was studied in completely randomized design experiments with five replicates. WSC contents were determined in stocks of 11 standards and samples of 14 grass species, following autoclave‐ or reflux‐assisted hydrolyzation. Results revealed that both methods were equally effective in recovering most standards, and plant WSC levels were similar or only narrowly lower with autoclave. Autoclave was operationally advantageous, allowing for 15‐min concurrent processing of 90 samples against a 150‐min extraction of 4 samples with reflux, and energy savings of more than 87% on a per sample basis. It is concluded that the utilization of autoclave for acidic WSC extraction is feasible and even preferable compared with reflux for the studied standards and grasses.  相似文献   

Electron probe microanalysis of silicon in grass leaves     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1):67-75

Abstract

Silicon is a major constituent of grasses, therefore, research was initiated to evaluate the use of the paraffin technique for electron probe microanalysis of Si in grass leaf tissue. Mature healthy leaves of a tropical grass, Wilmington bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge), and a cool season grass, tall fescuegrass (Festuca arundinacea Schred), were selected for study. Paradermal sections (10 μ) of paraffin impregnated leaf tissue were placed on sheet carbon that had been attached with Haupt's adhesive to 2.5 cm glass discs. The grass sections were fixed to the sheet carbon with Haupt's adhesive and the paraffin removed with xylene prior to microanalysis. Silicon was found to be highly concentrated in the epidermis of fescuegrass and bahiagrass. Short cells, many containing opal bodies, had the highest contents of Si of the epidermal cells. Large quantities of Si was also present in guard cells but long cells contained relatively small amounts.  相似文献   

Light and Temperature Requirements during Germination of Potential Perennial Grasses for Rehabilitation of Degraded Sandy Arabian Deserts     

《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2017,28(5):1687-1695

Few plants can tolerate the loose sandy‐soils of the arid deserts. Selection of native plants that could be used in rehabilitation of degraded deserts necessitates information about their seed dormancy and germination requirements. This study assessed the effects of light and temperature requirements during germination for eight common perennial grasses that have the potential to rehabilitate the arid Arabian deserts. The selected grasses vary considerably in seed mass. Germination of clonally propagated grasses (six species) was significantly greater, but slower, than that of two non‐clonal grasses. Four of these six species (Lasiurus scindicus , Panicum turgidum , Aeluropus lagopoides and Halopyrum mucronatum ) produce larger seeds and attained greater germination in both light and darkness at a wide range of temperatures. However, the other two (Centropodia forsskaolii and Coelachyrum piercei ) produce medium‐sized seeds with higher dormancy. Smaller seeds of Sporobolus arabicus were positively photoblastic at all temperatures, but those of Sporobolus spicatus were neutrally photoblastic at lower temperatures and positively photoblastic at higher temperatures. There was a significant negative relationship between seed mass and relative light germination, indicating that small seeds require more light during germination. It is recommended to use seeds of the six clonal grasses for restoration of degraded arid deserts. The ability of these grasses to germinate in different light and temperature regimes indicates their ability to germinate at any time of the year, even when seeds are buried. The light and temperature requirements of the different grasses are explained in the light of their adaptation and distribution in natural habitats. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

(竹禾)类的初步研究与系统分类     

赵惠如  龚祝南 《竹子研究汇刊》1988,(3)

本文主要是关于菜类的研究。菜类植株矮小,无分枝,只有一种营养叶。它的花序为真花序,有一定的开花周期。叶片的内部结构属竹类,而地下茎则属草类。在叶片表皮可见气孔器和硅质细胞,在每个维管束两侧各有一个大型梭型细胞,其宽度和厚度均此竹类的梭形细胞为大,而禾草类则无梭形细胞。此外,(竹禾)类除脉鳞(竹禾)属为高海拔(2900—5000米)分布外,其余多生长在热带和亚热带的原始森林下层,喜高温高湿的生态环境,即分布地带较为原始。上述资料表明:(竹禾)类是(竹禾)本科中最原始的植物,禾草类最为进化,而竹类居于两者之间。  相似文献   

冬春季多年生牧草对富营养化水体的响应及净化效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李宏  郝虎林  杨肖娥  向律成  赵凤亮 《水土保持学报》2010,24(1)

在室外条件下以8种多年生牧草为材料研究其在重度富营养化水体中的生长状况及生长期间对水体氮磷的削减。结果表明,8种牧草均能适应水生环境并快速生长。经过收割后,每1m2的坦克草浮床生长期内可从水体中吸收17.5g的氮和7.5g的磷。牧草修复水体后,其作为饲料的基本指标均符合国家标准。选取室外试验中生长状况较好的4种多年生牧草进行室内模拟实验,研究其对富营养化水体的修复效应。水体TN、TP、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N、COD在植物浮床系统处理下均显著下降,坦克草处理下去除率最高,对TN、TP、NO3--N、CODMn去除率分别达64.1%,92.1%,70.7%和80.7%。多年生牧草在冬春季对富营养化水体中的氮磷具有较好的净化效果,可作为水体生态修复的优良物种而使用。  相似文献   

Investigating the phytotoxicity of the graminicide fluazifop-P-butyl against native UK wildflower species     

Blake RJ  Westbury DB  Woodcock BA  Sutton P  Potts SG 《Pest management science》2012,68(3):412-421

BACKGROUND: The selective graminicide fluazifop‐P‐butyl is used for the control of grass weeds in dicotyledonous crops, and commonly applied in amenity areas to reduce grass productivity and promote wildflower establishment. However, evidence suggests that fluazifop‐P‐butyl might also have phytotoxic effects on some non‐target plants. This study investigates the effects of fluazifop‐P‐butyl on the emergence, phytotoxicity and above‐ground biomass of nine perennial wildflower species and two grass species, following pre‐ and post‐emergent applications at half, full and double label rates in a series of glasshouse experiments. RESULTS: While pre‐ and post‐emergent applications of fluazifop‐P‐butyl caused reductions in seedling emergence and increased phytotoxicity on native wildflower and grass species, these effects were temporary for the majority of wildflower species tested, and generally only occurred at the double application rate. No differences in biomass were observed at any of the rates, suggesting good selectivity and no long‐term effects of fluazifop‐P‐butyl application on the wildflower species from either pre‐emergent or post‐emergent applications. CONCLUSION: These results have direct relevance to the management of amenity areas for biodiversity, as they confirm the suitability of these wildflower species for inclusion in seed mixtures where fluazifop‐P‐butyl is to be applied to control grass productivity. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

盐池半荒漠风沙区几种天然牧草产量动态与环境因子关系研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

陆永华  张国荣等 《干旱区资源与环境》1995,9(2):33-41

本文以试验观测数据为依据，阐明了牧草生长与环境因子之间的关系  相似文献