短梗长尾啮小蜂雌性生殖系统结构与卵巢发育特点     

王晶  臧连生  高树立  赵悦 《植物保护》2024,50(2):172-177

关于短梗长尾啮小蜂Aprostocetus brevipedicellus卵巢结构和发育的相关研究在国内外尚无报道。本研究对短梗长尾啮小蜂的雌性生殖系统结构、卵子形态及卵巢发育特点进行了观察。结果表明,短梗长尾啮小蜂雌性内生殖系统由1对卵巢、1对侧输卵管、1条中输卵管、受精囊、毒囊等组成;雌性外生殖器由产卵管、产卵管鞘、内瓣和外瓣构成。同时,短梗长尾啮小蜂属于卵育型寄生蜂,雌蜂初羽化时卵巢内只含有少量成熟卵子,随着营养的补充和时间的推移,成熟卵子和总卵子数量逐渐增加,并在羽化后72 h数量达到最高值。此外,研究发现,卵巢管内成熟卵子数量和总卵子数量与雌蜂的体长均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.936和0.941。以上研究结果为科学合理地研究和开发利用短梗长尾啮小蜂提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

Maternal age influence on diapause induction in sexual and asexual Trichogramma brassicae     

Somayeh Rahimi-Kaldeh  Alireza Bandani  Seyed Ali Modarres Hasani 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):345-351

In this study, the effect of maternal age on prepupae diapause of progeny in sexual (Wolbachia free) and asexual (Wolbachia infected) Trichogramma brassicae was studied at two temperatures. Maternal generation (G₁) of both populations was reared at 10L:14D photoperiod, 14 and 20 °C, separately. Mated females from G₁ were supplied with eggs of Ephestia kuehniella, each 48 h from one day after emergence to death. The tendency to diapause in progeny (G₂) was determined by rearing at 10 °C. According to the results, reproductive modes, maternal temperature and age have significant effect on the mean number of eggs laid by G₁ and the diapause percentage of G₂. Offspring whose maternal generation was reared at 20 °C had higher diapause percentage than those reared at 14 °C. Diapause percentage in sexual population was higher than the asexual, which demonstrates a negative effect of Wolbachia on this process. Wolbachia infection modifies the effect of maternal age on the diapause percentage in the offspring at 20 °C but not at 14 °C. The result can be due to lower Wolbachia density at 14 °C and greater Wolbachia density at 20 °C.  相似文献   

管侧沟茧蜂寄生对粘虫在玉米植株上分布位置选择性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李贞  褚艳娜  李建成  路子云  张青文  刘小侠 《植物保护学报》2018,45(2):201-207

为明确管侧沟茧蜂Microplitis tuberculifer寄生对粘虫Mythimna separata在玉米植株上分布位置的影响及相关机理,采用生物学观察法在温室和实验室内监测了被寄生与未被寄生的粘虫幼虫在玉米活体植株和离体叶片上的分布及管侧沟茧蜂结茧位置的变化。结果表明,被管侧沟茧蜂寄生的粘虫幼虫在玉米叶片背面的平均分布比例为36.29%,显著高于未被寄生粘虫的14.60%;寄生后第8天开始,被寄生粘虫在黄色叶片上的分布比例显著高于未被寄生粘虫;非滞育和滞育条件下,管侧沟茧蜂在玉米植株黄色叶片上的平均结茧数目分别为19.3个和15.3个,显著高于绿叶上的6.5个和4.7个及土面上的0.8个和0.7个,选择性试验发现湿度在结茧位置的选择中发挥着重要作用。研究表明,管侧沟茧蜂可以通过调控寄主粘虫在玉米植株上的分布位置协助其找到合适的结茧位置。  相似文献   

Plant strengtheners enhance parasitoid attraction to herbivore‐damaged cotton via qualitative and quantitative changes in induced volatiles          下载免费PDF全文

Islam S Sobhy  Matthias Erb  Ted CJ Turlings 《Pest management science》2015,71(5):686-693

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Temperature Effects on the Development and Reproduction of Three Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Species Reared on Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Eggs     

F. S. Krechemer  L. A. Foerster 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

The cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a generalist species and an important pest of Brassicaceae worldwide. Egg parasitoids are a feasible alternative for the control of this species. We evaluated the suitability of T. ni eggs as hosts for three Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species and their tolerance to survive and develop within a range of temperatures between 15 and 30°C under laboratory conditions. The species evaluated were Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman and Platner, and Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares. Parasitism rate was affected by temperature, parasitoid species, and by the interaction between these two factors. Parasitoids developed and reproduced in the range of temperatures evaluated, but Trichog. acacioi failed to parasitize T. ni eggs at 30°C. The highest parasitism rates of Trichog. atopovirilia and Trichog. pretiosum occurred at 20 and 25°C and Trichog. acacioi at 25°C, with parasitism rate above 70% in the three species. Parasitoid emergence was not affected by temperature or species. The estimated thermal constant and lower temperature threshold were 134.6 DD and 10.6°C for Trichog. pretiosum and 130.1 DD and 11.2°C for Trichog. atopovirilia. The results demonstrated that Trichog. pretiosum and Trichog. atopovirilia are the most suitable species for the control of T. ni, as they can remain active throughout the year in subtropical regions.  相似文献   

Spatiotemporal density patterns of the pest predator Rhynchium haemorrhoidale (F.) along a land-use gradient in cacao agroforestry systems     

Patrick Hoehn  Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter  Damayanti Buchori  Teja Tscharntke 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(1):163-171

Tropical insect species show year-round breeding activity due to favourable climatic conditions. However, most species also display seasonal reproductive peaks, but little is known about underlying causes of temporal density changes. We investigated population dynamics of the pest predator Rhynchium haemorrhoidale (F.) (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae) and its natural enemies in relation to season, climate and varying shade tree composition in cacao agroforestry systems in Central Sulawesi (Indonesia). Nesting of R. haemorrhoidale showed clear seasonality with highest densities in the wet season and lowest in the dry season, which was not related to changes in temperature. Wasp densities increased with land-use intensity, presumably because less-shaded areas offer more favourable climatic conditions and higher densities of the major prey, the cacao pest Agathodes caliginosalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Pupal body size was higher in June than in November indicating increasing intraspecific competition due to high wasp densities and food shortage at the beginning of the wet season. Body size between habitat types was similar, thus season appeared to be more important than habitat in terms of food supply. High wasp densities in the wet season were associated with high diversity of the altogether seven parasitoid species. In conclusion, we found a pronounced seasonality of the wasp R. haemorrhoidale and a preference for little shaded agroforestry, which may be due to enhanced temperature and density of its prey. Our data indicate a high potential for biological control of a major cacao pest by management of nesting sites of R. haemorrhoidale.  相似文献   

新疆东疆玉米地叶蝉及其卵寄生蜂资源调查   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

伊龙  朱丽得孜·艾山  李勤  王朝  胡红英 《新疆农业科学》2013,50(2):325

[目的]通过2010 ～2012年两年间对东疆地区玉米地叶蝉及卵寄生蜂资源调查研究,初步查明该地区叶蝉卵寄生蜂资源状况,为该地区叶蝉的生物防治提供理论依据.[方法]在东疆地区调查了25个叶蝉大发生的玉米农田,并进行网扫采集,将采集标本带回室内进行镜检、挑拣、鉴定,统计分析采集点叶蝉和卵寄生蜂的种类及其数量.[结果]玉米三点斑叶蝉(Zygina salina Mit.)在东疆的吉木萨尔县、奇台县有大量发生,大青叶蝉(Cicadella viridis Linnaeus)在哈密市有大量发生.初步调查东疆玉米农田缨小蜂科Mymaridae、赤眼蜂科Trichogrammatidae等卵寄生蜂资源十分丰富,共计13属.在玉米三点斑叶蝉大发生的采集点有大量的缨翅缨小蜂(Anagrus spp.)分布.在大青叶蝉大发生的采集点,有大量的柄翅缨小蜂(Gonatocerus spp.)分布.统计分析发现缨翅缨小蜂(Anagrus spp.)和玉米三点斑叶蝉、柄翅缨小蜂(Gonatocerus spp.)和大青叶蝉的发生成正相关.[结论]东疆地区玉米地主要受到玉米三点斑叶蝉和大青叶蝉的严重危害,其卵寄生蜂资源较为丰富,通过继续深入研究其寄生生物学特性,可为这两种叶蝉害虫的生物防治提供基础数据.  相似文献   

寄生蜂调控寄主分子机制的研究进展     

朱家颖  叶恭银  胡萃 《植物保护学报》2008,35(6):563-568

在寄生蜂与寄主相互作用的研究中,揭示寄生蜂攻克寄主防御系统和调控寄主生长发育的分子机制,已成为生物防治领域的研究热点。有关研究表明:寄生蜂通过控制血细胞增殖与分化的转录/信号传导因子、调节血细胞延展/包囊的因子及诱导血细胞凋亡,以破坏寄主细胞免疫系统;干扰与血淋巴黑化相关基因及抗菌肽基因的表达以抑制寄主的体液免疫反应;调节与生长发育相关蛋白和酶类以扰乱寄主生长发育。作者从细胞免疫、体液免疫和对寄主生长发育三个方面综述了寄生蜂调控寄主分子机制的研究进展。  相似文献   

橘小实蝇一种重要的寄生蜂-凡氏费氏茧蜂     

章玉苹赵远超  张宝鑫黄少华　李敦松 《昆虫天敌》2008,30(1):86-88

橘小实蝇寄生蜂凡氏费氏茧蜂Fopius vandenboschi(Fullaway)隶属膜翅目小茧蜂科潜蝇茧蜂亚科,是田间控制橘小实蝇的优势蜂种,在国外田间控制橘小实蝇已获得巨大成功,而国内应用寄生蜂田间控制橘小实蝇尚属空白。本研究室在研究中发现田间已有凡氏费氏茧蜂F.vandenbosch定殖,并室内繁殖成功。本文详细地描述了该寄生蜂的特征,旨在为田间应用奠定基础。  相似文献   

Comparing Immature Development and Life History Traits in Two Coexisting Host-Feeding Parasitoids,Diglyphus isaea and Neochrysocharis formosa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Yi-bo  LU Shu-long  LIU Wan-xue  WANG Wen-xia  WANG Wei  WAN Fang-hao 《农业科学学报》2014,13(12):2690-2700

Coexisting natural enemies that share a common host resource in the same guild usually exhibit variation in their life history traits, due to their need to share a similar ecological niche. In this study, we compared the immature development times and adult life history traits of two coexisting, host-feeding parasitoids, Diglyphus isaea Walker and Neochrysocharis formosa Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of which both attack larvae of the same agromyzid leafminers. These two species are both synovigenic, idiobiont parasitoids, whose adults consume host fluids (“host feeding”) and lay anhydropic eggs. Of the two, D. isaea has a larger body but little or no initial egg load, and engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events. However, it achieves higher fecundity, longer adult longevity, and higher host suppression ability than N. formosa, which has a smaller body and higher initial egg load. Although D. isaea engages in similar lifetime host-feeding events with N. formosa, all of its gains in life history traits per host-feeding event of D. isaea were larger than those of N. formosa. The age-specific fecundity and host mortality curves of N. formosa were more skewed in early life than those of D. isaea. In addition, the ovigeny index of N. formosa was negatively correlated to body size. Our results confirmed that two coexisting parasitoids, which share the same host resource, show different immature development patterns and life history traits, suggesting that different resource allocation mode could be a general rule of coexisting species sharing the same habitat or host.  相似文献