水分管理方式对香根草生长发育的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

刘金根  卞新民 《中国草地》2005,27(5):42-46

对四种不同的水分管理条件下香根草生长研究发现：香根草最适宜在土壤水分饱和的湿润环境中生长,这时它的成活率最高,分蘖速度最快,植株高度生长也最快,定植后3个月,其对应的根体积、根干生物量、茎叶干生物量和根茎比也最高。  相似文献   

作物害虫的猖獗与高毒农药的"倾泻"的治理对策   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

韩新才  黄志农  边银丙 《农药科学与管理》2003,24(4):27-29

阐述了我国农作物害虫发生现状及化学农药防治的现状，分析了作物害虫猖獗与高毒农药“倾泻”的原因与发展，提出了防止作物害虫猖獗和高毒农药“倾泻”的5条对策，即做好高毒农药危害性的宣传工作，提高农民禁用、限用高毒农药的自觉性；调整农药产品结构，大力发展生物农药；生物农药与化学农药复配，促使高毒农药低毒化；推广转基因作物；推广使用高效、高选择性、低毒、低用量、安全农药。  相似文献   

6%戊唑醇微乳剂   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

田文学  孙景文  马洪艳  李波  王凤芝  孔斌 《农药科学与管理》2003,24(9):34-36

本文介绍了6％戊唑醇微乳剂配方的组成和制备方法，并对其性能和田间药效进行了测试和试验。  相似文献   

棉花害虫综合防治中高效低毒农药的选用技术     

许立瑞  魏毅  王玉兰 《农药科学与管理》2003,24(11):19-23

经过调查研究,明确了换种转B.t基因抗虫棉后棉田虫害的新变化,制订了以防治棉蚜和棉叶螨为重点的兼治棉铃虫及其他害虫的新策略,并通过近几年的农药田间药效试验,鉴定出用48%多杀霉素悬浮剂、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、18%高氯·辛乳油、0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油防治棉铃虫;用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、10%烟碱水剂、20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂防治棉蚜;用20%哒螨灵可湿性粉剂、1%阿维菌素乳油防治棉叶螨等高效低毒农药及其配套使用技术。  相似文献   

The urbanization of wildlife management: Social science, conflict, and decision making     

Michael E. Patterson  Jessica M. Montag  Daniel R. Williams 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2003,1(3):171-183

Increasing urbanization of rural landscapes has created new challenges for wildlife management. In addition to changes in the physical landscape, urbanization has also produced changes in the socio-cultural landscape. The greater distancing from direct interaction with wildlife in urbanized societies has led to the emergence of a culture whose meanings for wildlife are less grounded in the utilitarian/instrumental orientation of rural agrarian systems. Urban perspectives on wildlife are comprised of more highly individualized emotional/symbolic values. This shift creates two problems with respect to managing wildlife in an urbanizing landscape. First the increased diversity in values and meanings increases the likelihood for social conflicts regarding wildlife management while at the same time making socially acceptable resolutions more intractable. This in turn requires fundamental changes in decision-making paradigms and the research approaches used to inform decision making. Second, as remaining rural communities feel the pressures of urbanization, wildlife conflicts become conflicts not just over wildlife but conflict over larger socio-political concepts such as equity, tradition, private property rights, government control, power, and acceptable forms of knowledge. This paper examines the wildlife management implications of changes associated with increasing urbanization and employs two case studies to illustrate these issues. First a study of a controversy over urban deer management provides insights into how to map conflicting values and search for common ground in an urban culture with increasingly individualistic values for wildlife. Specifically, the analysis illustrates that common ground may, at times, be found even among people with conflicting value systems. The second case study examined a ranching community faced with predator reintroduction. This case study illustrates tensions that occur when the community of interest (i.e. a national public) is broader than the community of place in which the problem occurs. In this latter situation, the debate centers around more than just different views about the rights of animals. It also entailed the rights of individuals and communities to decide their future. The conclusion discusses the need for wildlife institutions to adapt their underlying decision making philosophy including the way science is integrated into decision making processes in light of the changes in social context caused by urbanization.  相似文献   

Effects of winter wheat cultivars and seed rate on the biological characteristics of naturally occurring weed flora   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

N E Korres  & R J Froud-Williams 《Weed Research》2002,42(6):417-428

Summary Differential competitive ability of six winter wheat cultivars and traits that confer such attributes were investigated for a range of seed rates in the presence or absence of weeds for a naturally occurring weed flora in two successive years in split-plot field experiments. Crop height and tillering capacity were considered suitable attributes for weed suppression, although competitiveness is a relative rather than an absolute characteristic. Maris Huntsman and Maris Widgeon were the most competitive cultivars whereas Fresco was the least competitive. Manipulation of seed rate was a more reliable factor than cultivar selection for enhancement of weed suppression, although competitiveness of cultivars Buster, Riband and Maris Widgeon was not enhanced by increased seed rate. Crop densities ranging between 125 and 270 plants m⁻² were found to offer adequate weed suppression. Linear relationships were observed between individual and total weed species dry weight and reproductive structures per unit area.  相似文献   

应用生物源农药防治水稻病害   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛元海 《江西植保》2002,25(3):68-71

在稻瘟病始见期天始，喷施4％春雷霉素二次可以控制病害；用3％克菌康1：400倍液喷雾，可以有效控制水稻白叶枯病的危害，在孕穗期初现病时开始，喷链霉素1000万单位二次，也能防治白叶枯病；在纹枯病始现期喷40％纹霉星，病指防效可达67－81％。  相似文献   

植物杀虫剂苦皮藤素对柑橘潜叶蛾控制效果的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁伟  赵志模  李小珍 《中国植保导刊》2002,22(1):5-7

用植物性杀虫剂苦皮藤素Ⅳ(KPT乳油)有效成分30、15mg/kg防治柑橘潜叶蛾,采用离体叶片浸叶法处理5s,3d后,幼虫校正虫口减退率分别为89.63%、63.02%;枝梢浸液法处理5s,5d后,潜道伸长度校正抑制率分别为76.12%和41.51%;10d后,对秋梢的相对保叶效果分别为69.34%和52.29%。结果表明,采用KPT乳油有效成分30mg/kg对柑橘潜叶蛾有较好的控制作用,对柑橘秋梢有良好的保护效果。  相似文献   

Integrated Pest Management in Cocoa Agroforests in Southern Cameroon: Constraints and Overview     

Denis J. Sonwa  Ousmane Coulibaly  A. Akinwumi Adesina  Stephan F. Weise  Mathurin Tchatat 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):191-199

Imports of pesticides have long been subsidised for use in the cocoa agroforests of the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. With the liberalisation of the cocoa and pesticides sectors and the devaluation of the local currency (CFA franc), farmers are facing fluctuations in the price paid for cocoa and the high cost of farm inputs. Without the support of the extension services, they themselves have developed traditional integrated control methods based on the use of plant extracts mixed with conventional pesticides. From a survey of 300 cocoa farmers, the study assesses the farmers' command of these methods, the pests controlled, the problems encountered and the institutional constraints in the definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. The study concludes with recommendations for research and development towards the better definition and dissemination of integrated control methods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Responding to Economic Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Farmer-Developed Pest Management Strategies in Cocoa-Based Plantations in Southern Cameroon     

O. Coulibaly  D. Mbila  D.J. Sonwa  Akin Adesina  J. Bakala 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2002,7(3):165-172

Cocoa is a key or source of income and poverty reduction in the humid forest of Southern Cameroon. Cameroon like other African countries went through a major economic crisis in the early 1980s with a decline in international commodity prices and significant changes in macroeconomic policies. Structural adjustment reforms following the economic crisis led to removal of fertilizers and pesticides subsidies, cocoa price liberalization and the overall withdraw of Government interventions from the cocoa sub-sector. Cocoa input price increases have been compounded by the devaluation of the CFA Franc, which doubled the prices of the imported pesticides which were considered key to the control of cocoa pests. This overall economic shock led to changes in cocoa producer's production decisions as a response to minimize cost. Among the changes the use of alternatives to imported chemicals for cocoa pest control. Farmers responded to the high prices of pesticides by developing, from local botanical knowledge and pest management strategies, which include plant extracts and plant extracts mixed with pesticides at different proportions. This is a major decision given the importance of imported chemical in the cost of production of cocoa. Valuable indigenous knowledge from farmers could be used also as an effective support system for communicating and diffusing modern knowledge and technologies to farmers. The paper describes the farmer knowledge-based alternatives to chemical pesticides for pest control in cocoa fields as a response to high pest control costs. Pest management specialists are urged to take advantage of this shift in practice and assess their effectiveness for further use. Two sets of questions are posed: (1) were the conventional insecticides, with all their problems, really necessary? and (2) are the materials derived from locally grown plants effective pest management agents or are they, in some way, placebos?  相似文献