云阴影区机载高光谱影像森林树种分类   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李军玲  庞勇  李增元  荚文 《林业科学研究》2019,32(5):136-141

[目的]使用窄波段植被指数、纹理信息等特征对影像进行分类,探究植被指数和纹理信息对于云阴影下树种分类的潜力。[方法]使用经过大气校正后的高光谱影像进行窄波段植被指数的计算、纹理分析以及主成分分析,并对计算的结果进行波段组合。用于计算纹理信息的波段通过最佳指示因子进行选择,选取的波段数为31(0.67 nm),51(0.86 nm),55(0.89 nm) 3个波段。结合高分辨率的航空相片进行训练样本的选择,采用Support Vector Machine(SVM)方法对经过大气校正后的反射率影像和重组后的特征影像分别进行分类,使用样地实测的树种信息对分类结果进行验证,使用总体精度和Kappa系数作为分类精度的评价指标。[结果]相对于直接使用反射率影像进行分类,使用窄波段植被指数以及纹理信息可以显著地提高云阴影下地物的分类精度,其分类精度和Kappa系数分别为90.4%和0.88,比直接使用反射率影像的分类精度和Kappa系数分别提高了18%和0.2。[结论]使用重新组合后的影像进行树种分类比直接使用反射率影像进行分类,其分类精度更高,说明窄波段植被指数与纹理特征可以提高云阴影区树种分类的精度。使用波段重组后的影像对云阴影下地物分类,其对于单个地物的分类精度也有明显的提高。  相似文献   

普通和控释尿素配合深施提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能与氮素利用效率   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

董庆玲  娄焕昌  张慧  赵若林  郑宾  李增嘉  李耕  宁堂原 《植物营养与肥料学报》2019,25(7):1134-1145

【目的】探究在不同尿素类型与施用深度下,冬小麦开花后旗叶光合性能和光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能及氮素利用的差异,以期为协同提高氮素利用效率与籽粒产量,简化小麦生产过程提供理论依据。【方法】于2015—2016年与2016—2017年冬小麦生长季进行试验,以‘济麦22’为供试材料,采用二因素裂区试验设计,尿素类型处理(T)为主区,施用深度处理(D)为裂区。尿素类型包括普通尿素处理(T1,基追比为4∶6)与普通和控释尿素配施处理(T2,普通尿素、硫包膜尿素、树脂包膜尿素以4∶3∶3混合一次性基施),施用深度为地下5 cm (D1)与10 cm (D2)。测定了开花后旗叶气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP),及不同生育时期地上植株氮素积累量。【结果】2年试验结果表明,相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦有效穗数和千粒重,对穗粒数影响不显著;施用深度对2016—2017年千粒重影响显著,对2年单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数影响不显著;普通和控释尿素配合深施处理(T2D2)产量显著高于其它处理。尿素类型和施用深度对气体交换参数影响显著,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理可显著提高花后旗叶净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),显著降低胞间CO2浓度(Ci),相对延长了高光合持续期。普通和控释尿素配合处理较普通尿素处理显著提高了旗叶光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心对光能的吸收(φPo)、转化(φEo)以及电子在电子传递链中转移的效率(ψo);显著改善了电子传递链供体侧(Wk)和受体侧(Vj)性能,有效提高了产量形成期光合性能的稳定性。同一尿素类型下,深施处理对光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)性能的改善大于浅施处理。相较于普通尿素处理,普通和控释尿素配施处理可显著提高冬小麦生育中后期植株氮素积累量;相较于浅施处理,深施处理对冬小麦不同生育期氮素积累均有不同程度的提高。除对2016—2017年氮素生理利用率(NPE)影响不显著外,普通和控释尿素配合深施处理显著提高了2年冬小麦氮肥农学利用效率(NAE)、氮肥偏肥生产力(PEPN)、成熟期氮肥表观回收率(NRE)和2015—2016年氮素利用效率。【结论】普通尿素与控释尿素配合深施可显著提高冬小麦花期旗叶光合性能,促进氮素利用,增加产量,有利于冬小麦产量与氮肥利用之间的协同提高,省时增效效果明显,是本试验中最佳组合模式。  相似文献   

钾肥对不同抗虫棉品种叶片光系统Ⅱ性能的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

赵娜  秦都林  聂军军  郭文君  祁杰  刘艳慧  毛丽丽  宋宪亮  孙学振 《植物营养与肥料学报》2019,25(1):106-114

【目的】通过对不同抗虫棉品种功能叶叶片PSⅡ性能和有关参数的研究,探讨钾影响棉花叶片光合系统的机理,以期为棉花的钾肥施用提供科学依据。【方法】选用三种抗虫棉岱字棉99B (DP99B)、鲁棉研21(L21)、冀棉169 (J169)为供试材料。设2个施钾水平:施硫酸钾240 kg/hm^2 (K)和不施钾(CK)。于棉花见蕾期,利用便携式LI-6400XT光合仪测定了净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)。利用M-PEA型植物效率仪快速测定了叶绿素荧光动力学曲线(OJIP曲线)相关参数, PSⅡ反应中心单位活化截面积还原QA的激发能(TR_o/CS_m)、活性反应中心数目(RC/CS_m)、反应中心捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中QA下游的其他电子受体的比例(Ψ_o)以及PSⅡ性能指数(PI_abs),PSⅡ单位反应中心热耗散掉的能量(DI_o/RC)、K点的可变荧光F_k占振幅F_j-F_o的比例(W_k)以及J点的相对可变荧光(V_j)。利用JIP-test进行了叶绿素荧光动力学曲线(OJIP曲线)的参数分析。【结果】施钾对三个棉花品种叶片的P_n、G_s、叶绿素含量、PSⅡ反应中心单位TRo/CS_m、RC/CS_m、Ψ_o以及PI_abs均有显著的提高作用,同时显著降低了PSⅡ的DI_o/RC、K点的W_k以及J点的V_j。施钾后,岱字棉99B (DP99B)、鲁棉研21 (L21)、冀棉169 (J169)的Pn在2016年分别提高了9.60%、19.84%、11.85%,2017年分别提高了9.14%、18.48%、9.60%;PSⅡ的整体性能(PI_abs)分别增加了10.79%、17.93%、14.04%。【结论】施用钾肥有利于提高不同棉花品种叶片PSⅡ反应中心电子供体侧和受体侧以及PSⅡ反应中心电子受体侧之后的电子传递链性能,从而有效提高PSⅡ的整体性能,最终增强了叶片的光合能力。三个品种相比,施钾对L21光合系统的整体改善效果优于DP99B和J169。由此可见,在实际生产中,可以根据不同棉花品种对钾的敏感性合理施钾。但由于我国棉区较多,生产条件差异大,这一结论需在不同的种植区进行进一步验证。  相似文献   

Comparative functional responses of native and high‐impacting invasive fishes: impact predictions for native prey populations          下载免费PDF全文

Zhiqiang Guo  Danny Sheath  Fatima Amat Trigo  J. Robert Britton 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2017,26(4):533-540

Comparative functional responses (FRs) can predict impacts of invasive species, including piscivorous fishes, via quantifying their depletion of native food resources as a function of prey density. The utility of FRs for predicting impacts on prey populations by invasive fishes of different trophic guilds was tested here by comparing the FRs of the invaders Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus, with three native, trophically analogous fishes, Barbus barbus, Squalius cephalus and Tinca tinca. Chironomid larvae and Gammarus pulex were used as prey items. Predictions, developed from studies on the foraging of C. carpio and C. auratus in the literature, were that the invaders would have significantly higher consumption rates for chironomids than the native fishes, but not for G. pulex. Mean consumption rates for chironomids were significantly lower for both invaders than B. barbus and S. cephalus, but were similar to T. tinca. Barbus barbus had a significantly lower consumption rate of G. pulex than both invaders, but there were no significant differences between S. cephalus, T. tinca and the invaders. All FRs were type II, with FR curves for the invaders preying upon chironomids never being significantly higher than the native fishes, contrary to predictions. For G. pulex, some significant differences were apparent between the invaders and native fishes, but again were contrary to predictions. These results indicated that when predation impacts of invasive fishes could also be a function of their population density and body sizes, these parameters should be incorporated into FR models to improve impact predictions.  相似文献   

Distribution of TLR4 and MHC class II molecules of the spleen in broiler chicks treated with and without LPS in the first 2 weeks of the post-hatch period     

E. Aka 《British poultry science》2019,60(2):130-138

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules of the spleen in chicks treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the first 2 weeks of their life.

2. A total of 225 Ross-308 commercial broiler chicks were used. Within the 2-week experimental period, chicks were divided into 5 main groups according to the days of decapitation which were 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 d after hatch. Each main group had 45 chicks. The main groups were further divided into three subgroups (15 chicks each), which included control chicks (no injection), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and LPS-injected chicks. Spleen samples were collected 1-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-h after the PBS or LPS administrations. Tissue sections were stained using streptavidin–biotin–peroxidase complex staining method.

3. From 1 d of age, TLR4 positivity was found in the spleen in diffuse granular form. The cells showing intense TLR4 positivity were observed in periellipsoidal lymphoid tissue in 4-d-old chicks. The same cells were determined in the germinal centre of the spleen in 7-d-old chicks. LPS stimulation led to an increase in the intensity of TLR4 positivity in 14-d-old chicks.

4. From 1 d of age, MHC class II positivity was found in both white pulp and red pulp. This was higher in 14-d-old chicks injected with LPS than in the controls and the chicks injected with PBS.

5. The findings indicate that, from 1 d of age in chicks, the spleen has both non-specific defence elements and the molecules having the information to induce adaptive immunity. In addition, at the end of the 2-week experimental period, it was determined that the spleen had the capacity to recognise antigens.  相似文献   

Adeno-associated virus type 9-mediated p65 silencing inhibits angiotensin II-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells     

XING Meng-yao  MA Xiao-juan  GONG Xue-li  Maimaitizunong MAISUER  YU Wen-yan  ZHANG Xue-mei  SUN Zhan 《园艺学报》2018,34(11):2101

AIM: To study the effect of p65 gene silencing by adeno-associated virus type 9 (AAV9)-mediated RNA interference on angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ; 10^-6 mol/L for 24 h)-induced apoptosis of rat ventricular H9c2 myocytes, and to elucidate the possible mechanism. METHODS: The H9c2 cells were transfected with rAAV9-eGFP and rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA at multiplicity of infection (MOI)=4×10⁶ vg/cell. eGFP expression in the cells was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope, and the percentage of eGFP positive cells was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of p65 was determined by Western blot. CCK-8 assay was used to measured the viability of transfected H9c2 cells. The apoptosis of the cells transfected with the virus and with Ang Ⅱ stimulation was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The cells began to exhibit eGFP expression on the 2nd day after transfection. The fluorescence intensity was increased over the time of transfection. eGFP expression reached the maximum on the 5th day, and the transfection efficiency was (52.7±1.9)% at this time point. Compared with blank control group, no significant effect of AAV9 on the viability of H9c2 cells was observed. In resting state, p65 in the H9c2 cells had a certain activity. After Ang Ⅱ stimulation, the activity of p65 was obviously increased, while transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibited the expression of p65. The apoptosis of H9c2 cells in Ang Ⅱ stimulation group was significantly higher than that in blank control group, while transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibited apoptosis of H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION: Transfection of rAAV9-eGFP-NF-κB p65-siRNA effectively inhibits the expression of p65 gene of NF-κB pathway in the H9c2 cells without causing cell growth inhibition, and reduces the apoptosis induced by Ang Ⅱ.  相似文献   

Isolation and structural characterization of rhamnogalacturonan II-borate complex fromPinus densiflora     

Tomoko Shimokawa  Tadashi Ishii  Toshiro Matsunaga 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(5):435-439

A boron-containing pectic polysaccharide was isolated from Driselase digests of akamatsu (Pinus densiflora) cell wall. The boron-containing polysaccharide was purified by successive column chromatography of Cosmosil C₁₈ OPN, DEAE Sepharose FF, and Superdex 75. The complex had 0.12% (w/w) boron (B) and¹¹B-NMR spectroscopy showed the complex to be the tetrahedral diester form of boron. The sugar composition and glycosyl linkage analyses showed that the sugar portion of the complex was rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-11). The boron-attached glycosyl residue was identified to be 2-O-Me-xylose-containing apiosyl side chain in RG-II. These results established that the location of borate in the cell wall is conserved among dicots, gramineous monocots, and coniferous gymnosperm.Part of this study was presented at the 8th Cell Wall Symposium, Norwich, September 3, 1998  相似文献   

陆地棉品种与陆地棉族系种质系间杂种优势及其组成分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

游俊  刘金兰 《作物学报》1998,24(6):834-839

采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计,选用３个陆地棉常规品种和５个陆地棉族系种质系材料杂交,杂种Ｆ１代产量和纤维品质优势表现明显。通径分析结果表明,提高铃重,单株铃数的中亲优势,适当降低单铃种子数和株高的优势。在其它性状适宜的情况下,可以显著地提高皮棉产量的中亲优势。各个优势组合在产量优势来源上有差异。种质系材料在杂种优势利用上具有很大潜力。  相似文献   

Specific MHC class II B alleles associated with resistance to Edwardsiella tarda in turbot, Psetta maxima (L.)     

J-Y Xu  S-L Chen  H Ding 《Journal of fish diseases》2009,32(7):637-640

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原位合成纳米金/石墨烯修饰玻碳电极检测水和土壤中痕量铅   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

李杜娟  徐枫  樊凯  厉力华  苏畅  刘红英  姚睿  曹佳斐  魏凯华  李小平  赵新颜 《农业工程学报》2018,34(11):203-208

为提高痕量铅的检测精度,提出了一种简单、可控的一步还原法在裸玻碳电极表面原位合成纳米金/石墨烯材料的方法,并通过循环伏安法(cyclic voltammetry,CV)对修饰电极进行电化学表征。利用修饰后的电极对醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中的铅离子(Pb(Ⅱ))标准样品进行检测,并对检测条件进行了优化。优化条件下的试验结果表明,在pH值为4.5的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲溶液中,Pb(Ⅱ)的溶出峰为-0.08 V,在1～90μg/L范围内Pb(Ⅱ)的溶出峰电流与Pb(Ⅱ)浓度之间呈现良好的线性关系(R~2=0.985),最小检测下限为0.27μg/L。在优化后的条件下采用该电极测定了实际水样与土壤中的Pb(Ⅱ)含量,加标回收率区间分别为93.75%～109.20%和93.82%～109.9%,相对标准偏差均小于7%,可以用于对实际水样与土壤样本的检测。  相似文献