Mitochondrial DNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in Malus Species     

S. Kato    S. Ishikawa    S. Imakawa    S. Komori    T. Mikami  Y. Shimamoto 《Plant Breeding》1993,111(2):162-165

Three apple (Malus×domestica) cultivars and 11 Malus accessions have been investigated by the probe hybridization method on their mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The gene probes used were: coxI, coxII, atpA, atp6, and atp9. Our results revealed enough variation to characterize ten mtDNA haplotypes among the Malus genotypes examined. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of mtDNA polymorphism are also discussed.  相似文献   

Isoenzyme differences between the wild diploid and tetraploid wheats     

Vello Jaaska 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(2):137-146

Variability of acid phosphatase (ACP), esterase (EST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes among 660 accessions of wild diploid wheats Triticum boeoticum (475) and T. urartu (185) and among 35 accessions of wild tetraploid wheats T. araraticum (21) and T. dicoccoides (14) was studied with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The wild diploids are differentiated by the electrophoretic variants of ACP-B, ACP-C, EST-A, EST-B, EST-C, EST-D, and SOD-B. Triticum urartu matches the A genome of wild tetraploid wheats T. araraticum and T. dicoccoides by allozymes of ACP-B, ACP-C and SOD-B, but differs distinctly by the monomorphic allozyme EST-A66. Triticum boeoticum fits the A genome of polyploid wheats by allozymes of EST-A and EST-B, but differs in allozymes of ACP-B and SOD-B. Thus, none of the two contemporary diploid wheats corresponds exactly to the A genome of wild tetraploid wheats by all diagnostic isoenzymes. Triticum boeoticum and T. arararicum share EST-C46 and EST-D71, whereas T. urartu and T. dicoccoides are fixed for silent EST-C0 and share EST-D73, suggesting independent origin of the two tetraploid wheats with a contribution from ancestral forms of both diploids.  相似文献   

Chromosomal interchanges and phylogeny of some accessions of Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta     

Wouter Lange  Stevan Petrović 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1996,43(2):179-186

Summary The occurrence of chromosomal interchanges was studied in F1 hyrids in two diallel schemes, including nine accessions of Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta, originating from Iran, Europe and North Africa, and the common wheat variety Chinese Spring as a reference. Seven accessions of subsp. spelta differed in one translocation from Chinese Spring. The European accession Grey differed in one or perhaps two interchanges from the reference variety, and Iran 417a showed a difference of three interchanges with Chinese Spring. In total six or perhaps seven interchanges were observed. Thus the number of translocation events in subsp. spelta appeared to be low. One translocation was unique and occurred only in the accession from North Africa. Also one accession from Europe, the landrace Schwarzwald, possibly carried a unique translocation. In both diallels an interchange with a relatively low coefficient of multivalent realisation at first meiotic metaphase was observed in most accessions. The two extra translocations in Iran 417a are considered to be the result of more recent translocation events, whereas the possible second translocation in accession Grey showed such a low coefficient of multivalent realisation that its existence could be doubted.  相似文献   

Mitochondrial DNA RFLP in genus Oryza and cultivated rice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. Second  Z. Y. Wang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1992,39(3):125-140

Summary Ninety-three accessions representing 23 species from the genus Oryza were surveyed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in mitochondrial (mt) DNA by probing total DNA with 15 known mt sequences cloned in plasmids from higher plants, and five mt genomic cosmid clones from maize. Very low levels of intra-specific and even intra-cytologically-defined nuclear genome mt DNA RFLP were found. High between-genome differentiation appeared, suggesting phylogenetic relationships consistent with data from previous nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA studies. Parallel inheritance of cp and mt DNA was found. There was one major exception: the mt DNA of the allotetraploid CD genome is apparently equally related to two putative diploid progenitors, which is suggestive of an interspecific recombination.RRLP in mt DNA was also probed in 82 cultivars, with four plasmid probes. Some bands not seen in the wild species appeared in O. sativa, with intra-specific polymorphism relatively higher than in the wild species. The pattern of variation paralleled that at the cp DNA level between the indica and japonica subspecies.  相似文献   

中国叩甲科昆虫12亚科的支序分类研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

江世宏  卓晨雷 《华中农业大学学报》2001,20(4):329-332

选取中国叩甲科昆虫12亚科间的13个特征，经量化处理并判定特征的极化方向后得到数据矩阵，再利用计算机支序分类软件PAUP4．0进行数据处理，得出中国叩甲科昆虫12亚科的谱系图。研究结果表明：叩甲科可明显地划分为3个自然类群，它们的亲缘关系可表示为（7，8），（（2，4）3）9），（（（11，12）10）5（1，6）），其中齿胸叩甲亚科（7）与露唇叩甲亚科（8），槽缝叩甲亚科（2）与萤叩甲亚科（4），小叩甲亚科（11）与心盾叩甲亚科（12），尖鞘叩甲亚科（1）与异角叩甲亚科（6）是4对姊妹群，每对姊妹群中的2个亚科间亲缘关系最近；单叶叩甲亚科（3）和叩甲亚科（9）与第2对姊妹群（2，4），梳爪叩甲亚科（10）与第3对姊妹群（11，12），胖叩甲亚(5)与第4对姊妹群（1，6）亲缘关系较近；齿胸叩甲亚科（7）与露唇叩甲亚科（8）是最原始的1对姊妹群，小叩甲亚科（11）与心盾叩甲亚科（12）是最进化的1对姊妹群。  相似文献   

杨树分派的分子系统学与派间杂交研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张金凤  朱之悌 《安徽农学通报》2007,13(1):48-51

杨树是主要的工业用材树种和生物模式树种,具有重要的实用和理论研究价值.但杨树种内变异丰富,种间杂种较多,形态学系统分类很困难.分子生物学为杨树的系统分类研究提供了新的研究途径.杨树分子系统学研究为杨树种间和派间杂交奠定了较好的理论基础.本文概述了同工酶和DNA分子标记在杨树系统学研究中的应用和杨属内黑杨派与青杨派杂交、白杨派、胡杨派各自与其它派间杂交的研究进展,讨论了杨树系统学研究与派间杂交的关系和杨树派间杂交存在的问题,并对今后的研究提出了建议.  相似文献   

中国尖胸沫蝉科族的系统发育及一新族的建立(同翅目:沫蝉总科)          下载免费PDF全文

梁爱萍 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(4):64-70

本文应用Kluge and Farris的Wagner数量分析法对我国尖胸沫蝉科(Aphrophoridae)的铲头沫蝉族Cloviini,象沫蝉族Philagrini,尖胸沫蝉族Aphrophorini,长沫蝉族Phil-aenini及棘茎沫蝉族,新族Capnodistini trib.nov.之间的系统发育关系进行了分析,结果推得两个明显的组群,即(Cloviini+Philagrini)+(Aphrophorini)和(Philaenini+Capnodistini trid.nov.),它们互为姐妹群关系,共同形成一个全系分支(holophyleticClade)。文中建立一新族棘茎沫蝉族Capnodistini trib.nov.该族定义为触角檐具檐沟,阳茎有6～8条棘刺,其模式属指定为Capnodistes Breddin 1903。  相似文献   

湖羊起源及系统地位的研究   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

耿荣庆  常洪  杨章平 《西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,30(3):21-24

应用中心产区典型群简单随机抽样法 ,检测控制血液酶和其他蛋白质变异的 14个结构基因座上31个等位基因的频率 ,并引用国内外 2 2个绵羊群体 11个座位的研究资料 ,以探讨湖羊的起源及系统地位。研究表明 ,湖羊与蒙古利亚的绵羊群体亲缘关系相对较近 ,两者可能在更早的世代具有共同的起源。这个结果与已知的历史事实吻合。  相似文献   

湖羊蛋白酶遗传型结构及系统地位的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙伟  常洪  杨章平  耿荣庆  倪大雄  范宝生  Tsunoda K 《中国农业大学学报》2002,7(5):101-106

用“中心产区典型群随机抽样”的方法，对湖羊品种进行遗传检测，在所检测的12个位点中的11个（Alb,Tf,Alp,Lap,Ary-Es,Hb-β，X-p,CA,Cat,Ly和Le)具有多态性，仅Po位点为单态，多态座位比例为91．7％，在27个等位基因中，只有Po^R,Tf^A,Hb-β^A,CA^F和Fe^L的估计可靠程度分别为0.5222,0.7458,0.5222,0.6212,0.8990和0.9070外余21个等位基因估计可靠程度均在0．9545以上。说明“中心产区典型群随机抽样”在特定遗传背景下是一种有效的抽样方法。湖羊的平均杂合度比国内其他绵羊种群偏低，而与国外其他群体相比，平均纯合度偏低。引用国内外14个绵羊群体的相同资料，根据血液酶和其他蛋白质变异的10个基因座位共计33个等位基因的频率，进行系统聚类分析，表明湖羊与蒙古羊亲缘关系较近。  相似文献   

Bayesian inference towards the resolution of molecular evolution:application to the "Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato" clade          下载免费PDF全文

Druzhinina I S　 Kubicek C P 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):458-458

The Hypocrea lixii/Trichoderma harzianum species aggregate contains a group of taxa (H. lixii /T. harzianum, T. aggressivum, T. tomentosum, T. cerinum, T. velutinum, H. tawa) of which some (e.g. T. harzianum) are important for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi in agriculture, whereas others are aggressive pathogens of Agaricus spp. and Pleurotus spp. in mushroom farms (T. aggressivum), or opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised mammals including humans (T. harzianum). We ch…  相似文献