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11.
An intergeneric cross has been made between Dendranthema crassum (kitam.) kitam. (2n = 90; ♀) and Crossostephium
chinense (L.) Makino (2n = 18; ♂). Most of the hybrid embryos aborted at an early developmental stage. Using ovule rescue, it was possible to establish
a single intergeneric hybrid plant showing 2n = 54 chromosomes. The leaf length, leaf width and epidermal hair density of the hybrid were all intermediate between those
of the parents. However the flower diameter, number of tubular florets, epidermal hair height and epidermal hair length exceeded
those of both parents. A genomic in situ hybridization approach was able to distinguish between the parental genomes in the
hybrid plant. 相似文献
12.
炭疽病是草莓种植中普遍发生、危害严重的病害之一,而UV-C对真菌的生长繁殖有极大的影响。为了探究UV-C辐照对引起草莓炭疽病的3种主要病原菌生长和致病力影响的差异,以果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola、胶孢炭疽菌C.gloeosporioides和暹罗炭疽菌C.siamense为供试菌,分析UV-C辐照对其分生孢子存活、菌丝生长和产孢能力及对草莓叶片致病力的影响。结果显示,在105～420 J/m~2辐照剂量(辐照30～120 s)范围内,3种炭疽菌孢子的相对存活率对UV-C辐照剂量的响应存在显著差异,C.gloeosporioides的耐受性最强,C.fructicola最为敏感,辐照剂量420 J/m~2(辐照120 s)下,3种炭疽菌孢子的相对存活率在4%或以下,接近分生孢子的致死剂量。840～1 260 J/m~2辐照剂量(辐照4～6 min)下,C.fructicola与C.gloeosporioides菌丝生长对UV-C辐照的耐受性相当;1 680～2 520 J/m~2辐照剂量(辐照8～12 min)下,3种炭疽菌对不同时间的UV-C辐照的耐受性... 相似文献
13.
苹果树腐烂病室内快速评价方法的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
腐烂病是我国苹果树上一种严重的树干皮层腐烂病害,本研究拟探索快速、可靠、稳定及操作简便的病害室内评价方法。在"富士"苹果离体叶片、嫩梢、果实和枝条上造成不同伤口,强致病菌株03-8接种,25℃保湿培养后调查发现,不接菌对照有、无伤口均不发病;各种伤口接种病原菌均能发病,但伤口类型对病害影响很大。叶片正面较反面更有利于发病,叶片正面1针和10针的刺伤发病无明显差异;嫩梢叶痕接种较刺伤接种发病轻;果实表面针刺1针和10针及去除果皮造成伤口对发病影响大,差异显著;枝条烫伤接种后10d发病明显而其它材料在接种后1.5~2d即可发病。进一步用4个致病力不同的菌株验证评价方法的可靠性和稳定性,发现接种完全展开叶、嫩梢和枝条均可以充分显示不同菌株之间的致病力差异,但前两者重复性好、试验周期短、鉴定效率高,且操作简便、材料易得,因此建议用离体叶片或嫩梢作为材料,针刺1针接种,25℃保湿培养2d后调查,作为室内准确、快速评价苹果树腐烂病的方法,该方法可用于筛选抗病材料、评价分离株的致病性和药剂的防病效果等。 相似文献
14.
绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto)是高盐碱耐受性水产动物,然而随着绒螯蟹种质退化等原因,北方地区养殖绒螯蟹面临规格小、抗逆性差和病害频发等问题,开发利用新的土著绒螯蟹种质保证绒螯蟹产业健康发展显得尤为必要。团队于2020和2021年9月,在黑龙江省绥芬河水系用地笼捕捉野生绒螯蟹共计299只(雌体156只,雄体143只),统计绒螯蟹性成熟情况并分别计算不同体重绒螯蟹所占百分比,测量性成熟个体的甲壳长、甲壳宽,解剖取出肝胰腺和性腺,精刮肌肉,测定可食率、色泽及常规营养成分。结果显示,绥芬河绒螯蟹雌体未性成熟比例显著低于性成熟比例(P<0.05),而雄体则相反。不论是雌体还是雄体,性成熟个体的平均体重均显著高于未性成熟个体(P<0.05)。雌性成熟个体平均体重为(110.51±2.42) g,雄性则为(147.79±5.94) g。雌性成熟个体(≥100.00 g/只)的百分比为55.94%,雄性成熟个体(≥125.00 g/只)的百分比为60.00%。9月29日,雌体肝胰腺指数(HSI)和性腺指数(GSI)均显著高于雄体,而出肉率(MY)和肥满度(CF)则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体甲壳亮度值(L*)和黄度值(b*)均显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。雌体性腺和肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于雄体,而性腺中水分含量则显著低于雄体(P<0.05)。综上所述,绥芬河绒螯蟹具有性成熟个体平均体重大且大规格个体百分比高等特点,卵巢和肌肉中粗蛋白与粗脂肪百分比较高,是一种重要的高蛋白低脂肪营养物质来源。本研究结果为绥芬河水系野生绒螯蟹种质资源开发以及利用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
15.
闽江水系野生绒螯蟹的营养品质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采取活体解剖和生化分析方法,研究闽江水系野生绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sensu stricto,简称河蟹)成蟹的性腺指数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、出肉率(MY)、总可食率(TEY)和可食部位的常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成,并比较雌雄间的性别差异。结果显示:(1)雄蟹的平均体质量和MY均显著大于雌蟹,雌蟹的GSI显著高于雄蟹(P0.05),两者的HSI和TEY均无显著性差异(P0.05)。(2)雄蟹性腺中的水分含量显著高于雌蟹,雌蟹性腺中脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量均显著高于雄蟹(P0.05);雄蟹肝胰腺的水分含量显著高于雌蟹(P0.05),雌蟹肝胰腺的总脂含量显著高于雄蟹(P0.05);雌雄蟹肌肉中的水分、脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物含量均无显著性差异(P0.05)。(3)雌蟹和雄蟹肝胰腺中的脂肪酸组成差异较小;雌蟹性腺中的总单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量显著高于雄蟹,雄蟹性腺中的总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)及∑n-6PUFA含量均显著高于雌蟹(P0.05);雌蟹肌肉中的∑MUFA含量显著高于雄蟹,雄蟹肌肉中的∑PUFA、∑HUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量较高(P0.05)。(4)雌蟹性腺中大部分氨基酸及总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于雄蟹,仅脯氨酸含量以雄蟹较高(P0.01);雄蟹肌肉中的半胱氨酸含量显著高于雌蟹(P0.05),其余氨基酸含量均无显著性差异(P0.05)。雌蟹性腺和肌肉中大部分必需氨基酸评分(EAAS)高于雄蟹,雄蟹性腺苏氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸和肌肉色氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸的EAAS高于雌蟹。综上,闽江水系河蟹雌雄个体的总可食率无显著性差异,各可食部位的比例存在性别差异;雌雄成蟹均具有较高的氨基酸和脂肪酸营养价值,雄蟹性腺和肌肉中的脂肪酸组成优于雌蟹,雌蟹性腺和肌肉中的氨基酸组成相对较好。 相似文献
16.
Mingzhi YAN Jintian LI Hui LIU Ning YANG Jin CHU Li SUN Xiaojuan BI Renyong LIN Guodong LV 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):465
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with the larvae of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) cluster. Currently, new drugs are urgently required due to the poor therapeutic effect of the existing drugs albendazole and mebendazole. Capparis spinosa, a traditional medicinal plant, has potential therapeutic effects on various diseases based on extracts from its fruit and other parts. The results of this study demonstrated that the water-soluble and ethanolic extracts of C. spinosa fruit had in vitro killing effects on the larvae of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and disrupted the ultrastructure of protoscoleces and metacestodes. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that the water-soluble and ethanolic extracts of C. spinosa fruit were not significantly toxic to primary mouse hepatocytes at an effective dose to CE. In conclusion, water-soluble and ethanolic extracts of C. spinosa fruit have great potential for the development of new drugs for the treatment of CE. 相似文献
17.
In subterranean clover, leaf size contributes to plant competitivity; besides, this trait is attributed a diagnostic relevance. The study assessed leaf size variation at two growth stages (60 days after sowing and flowering date) on genotypes belonging to the three main subspecies of the complex, viz. subsp. subterraneum, brachycalycinum, and yanninicum. After 60 days, brachycalycinum showed the largest leaflet area while subterraneum and yanninicum did not differ. Leaf size increase between the two measurements, remarkable in all subspecies, was significantly highest in yanninicum, which showed the largest area at flowering date. The leaflet length/breadth ratio was similar in the three subspecies at both stages. In subterraneum and brachycalycinum this ratio decreased significantly from the first to the second measurement; leaflet area increase seemed depending more on breadth than length increase. Yanninicum showed the longest petiole at flowering, and subspecies ranking for this character paralleled that of leaflet area. Particularly in subterraneum, there was a noticeable genotype variation for all characters. Earlier genotypes tended to have larger leaves after 60 days, and shorter petioles and smaller leaves at flowering date. In subterraneum, the genotype leaflet size decreased on increasing altitude and rainfall, and decreasing temperature of the collection sites. The leaf characters examined fairly confirmed to bear a taxonomic basis. Further assessing the physiological behaviour, particularly the response to defoliation and its agronomic implications, of genotypes characterised by different leaf size is envisageable. 相似文献
18.
为探究麦田前茬作物玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上中国小麦赤霉病菌的两个优势种Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (F.graminearum)和F.asiaticum子囊壳形成和发育成熟过程的差异,分别选择3株F.graminearum菌株(SE81,3-ADON型;LcA-2,15-ADON型;HX5-1,NIV型)和2株F.asiaticum菌株(M4A,3-ADON型;M31-2,NIV型),用其孢子悬浮液接种玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆,放置于花泥和地表两种环境条件下,比较接种不同菌株秸秆上子囊壳的形成和发育成熟情况及5个菌株对‘郑麦366’(高感小麦赤霉病品种)的致病力。结果表明：花泥环境下产生子囊壳的速度要快于地表,以玉米秸秆为载体子囊壳产生速度比水稻秸秆快且多数密度大,3个F.graminearum菌株(SE81、LcA-2和HX5-1)在同种秸秆相同环境下比2个F.asiaticum菌株(M4A和M31-2)产生子囊壳的速度快且子囊壳密度大。5个菌株在不同环境的不同秸秆上产生的子囊壳的成熟度均无规律,接种‘郑麦366’后其病情指数间有极显著差异(P<... 相似文献
19.
对有较详细分布资料的20属93种花蝽类昆虫进行了分析.结果表明:中国花蝽类昆虫其区系组成以东洋界为主体,计33种,占总数的35.48%,跨古北、东洋二界24种,占总数的25.81%,古北界23种,占总数的24.73%;在世界范围内,中国花蝽类昆虫种的分布类型大致可分为5种,如中国特有分布型、世界性分布型、东亚分布型、古北和东洋界共有分布型、全北界分布型;在中国动物地理区划中,西南、华南两区分布的种类最多,合计占总数的32.26%,可见两区关系密切. 相似文献
20.