Italian rice varieties: historical data, molecular markers and pedigrees to reveal their genetic relationships     

A. Spada    R. Mantegazza    M. Biloni    E. Caporali  F. Sala 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(2):105-111

Two molecular marker approaches [amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR)] were employed to study genomic relationship among 96 rice cultivars. These included most of the best reputed Italian accessions. AFLP produced 461 fragments, 248 (53%) of which were polymorphic, SSR produced four to 11 alleles in the 12 genomic loci investigated. Genomic similarity was estimated independently for the two molecular marker techniques. Both AFLP and SSR dendrograms agree in splitting the cultivars into two main clusters: a small one, comprising four exotic accessions, and a larger one which could be split into four subgroups. These were also analysed on the basis of historical and pedigree information. This is the first report on the application of DNA polymorphism analysis to reveal genomic relationship among cultivated Italian rice germplasm. Results will be useful for breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity and relationships among pea cultivars revealed by RAPDs and AFLPs   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

D. Simioniuc    R. Uptmoor    W. Friedt  F. Ordon  W. Swiecicki 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(5):429-435

In order to obtain an overview of the genetic diversity present within the set of pea cultivars released in Germany, 21 cultivars were analysed at the DNA level by random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), as well as for agronomic traits. Yield of grain cultivars ranged from 2.95 to 3.87 t/ha. Based on the screening of 60 RAPD primers and 32 Eco RI + 3/Mse I+3 AFLP primer combinations, 20 RAPD primers and 11 Eco RI + 3/MseI+ 3 primer combinations generating polymorphic and distinct fragments were chosen for estimation of genetic diversity. Twenty RAPD primers amplified a total of 314 scorable bands ranging from about 262 bp to 1996 bp. Of these, 175 fragments (55.7%) were polymorphic. Based on these data, genetic similarity (GS) was estimated between 0.80 (‘Lisa’ vs.‘Grapis’) and 0.94 (‘Bohatyr’ vs. ‘Sponsor’; mean GS = 0.88). Eleven AFLP primer combinations led to the amplification of 949 scorable fragments ranging from 43 to 805 bp and of these, 462 (48.7%) were polymorphic. Genetic similarity based on AFLPs was calculated between 0.85 (‘Lisa’ vs.‘Laser’) and 0.94 (‘Bohatyr’ vs. ‘Sponsor’, mean GS = 0.90). Correlation of genetic similarity estimated on RAPDs and AFLPs was estimated at r = 0.79** using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and at r = 0.84 by the Mantel test, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis carried out on these data separately for RAPDs and AFLPs and on the combined data reflected, to some extent, pedigree relationships and cophenetic correlations (r = 0.89 for RAPDs, r = 0.88 for AFLPs, and r = 0.93 RAPDs + AFLPs) indicate a good fit of respective clusters to genetic similarity data. The correlation of cluster analyses to pedigree information and the impact on parental genotype selection is discussed.  相似文献   

The extent of similarity between near-isogenic lines of the Australian spring wheat variety Triple Dirk with their recurrent parent     

A. C. Zeven  J. Waninge  L. T. Colon 《Euphytica》1986,35(2):381-393

Summary The near-isogenic lines of the wheat variety Triple Dirk supposed to differ only for Vrn genes have been investigated for their similarity to Triple Dirk and for purity. The NILs were found to differ from Triple Dirk. It was also discovered that Triple Dirk and the NILs each exist of more than one genotype. It is recommended that each NIL is tested for its Vrn-genotype and purified. New sets of Vrn NILs can only be made with these checked NILs and with one-plant progeny of the newly used recurrent parents.  相似文献   

An extended interspecific gene pool available to peach and almond breeding as characterized using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers     

P. Martínez-Gómez  S. Arulsekar  D. Potter  T.M. Gradziel 《Euphytica》2003,131(3):313-322

Genetic diversity, as revealed by eighteenSimple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers inthirty almond [P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb], twenty fresh-market peach [Prunus persica (L.), Basch], fifteenprocessing clingstone peach cultivars, andten rootstocks, established the geneticrelatedness among cultivars andcharacterized the variation within andbetween species. One accession each of thewild Prunus species, P.davidiana [(Carriere) Franch] and P.webbii [(Spach.) Vieh.], was included inthe analysis. The number of presumedalleles revealed by the SSR analysis rangedfrom one to six in peach whereas almondcultivars showed a range of three to nine.Peach cultivars clustered into ten groups,which are in general agreement withdocumented origin. Most processingclingstone peach cultivars clusteredseparately from fresh-market freestonecultivars supporting a distinct origin. Twomajor clusters were observed in almond withone containing California cultivars and theother containing European cultivars and theimportant California cultivar Mission.Results establish the value of SSR markersfor distinguishing different geneticlineages and characterize an extensive andlargely unexploited inter-species gene poolavailable to peach and almond breedingprograms.  相似文献   

Molecular marker analysis of genetic variation characterizing a grasspea (Lathyrus sativus) collection from central Italy     

S. Tavoletti    L. Iommarini 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(6):607-611

Levels of genetic similarity characterizing 20 grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) populations collected in central Italy (17 populations in the Marche region and three populations in the Abruzzo region) were analysed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. Two main clusters were found: one included large‐seeded populations from farms that were not market‐oriented (named Household populations) and the second, small‐seeded populations, cultivated in market‐oriented farms (named Commercial populations). Relationships among populations collected in different regions were found, although one population of the Abruzzo region was placed between the two main clusters, suggesting a possible further genetic differentiation within this grasspea germplasm collection. Principal component analysis based on AFLP marker frequency was effective in identifying polymorphic markers showing high discriminating ability between clusters H and C. In particular, seven markers showing high positive and three markers with low negative PC1 scores showed an almost cluster‐specific distribution. These results will be useful for enhancing Italian grasspea germplasm use in plant‐breeding programmes and for extending grasspea cultivation within the sustainable agricultural systems of central Italy.  相似文献   

油松根系形态分布的分形分析研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘秀萍  陈丽华  宋维峰  吴彦霖 《水土保持通报》2007,27(1):47-50,54

基于分形理论和管状模型理论建立了油松根系的三维静态模型。根系模型主要建立在根系拓扑、分枝规律、连结长度、连结直径和根系分枝角度基础上。检测模型主要考虑参数α和q。参数α为根系分枝前后的横截面积之比,q定义分枝后新连结的生物量。虽然参数α和q相对于根系直径独立,但是它们的变化可能影响预测的正确性。在植物水平上,模型提供适当的根系干重,根系全长和根系直径的预测。这一静态模型较适合研究成熟根系,与其它模型相比,该模型的主要优点是它的可塑性和易于应用。  相似文献   

策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带土壤种子库的基本特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马坚  杨远昭  李利  王纯利  张希明 《新疆农业大学学报》2007,30(3):53-59

通过室外萌发法对策勒沙漠-绿洲过渡带土壤种子库的研究发现:该区域土壤中活性种子从总储量上来看较为丰富,其中有12种植物,分属8科,但各植物种的种子数量分配极不均匀,仅有多枝柽柳的种子数量丰富,其它植物种的土壤种子储量相对匮乏,甚至严重匮乏;种子库的生活型组成以多年生草本占优(53.85%),一年生草本植物次之(30.77%);不同群落与地貌类型的种子库间保持着较高的相似性。  相似文献   

不同类型茶园捕食性天敌群落相似性研究     

江俊起等 《勤云标准版测试》2006,(1)

采用群落种组成相似性分析、群落组成相似性分析和群落特征相似性分析3种方法,研究了祁红产区等高茶园、平地茶园和坡地茶园3种茶园类型及春茶、夏茶和秋茶3个生育期捕食性天敌群落的相似性。结果表明,群落种组成相似性平均水平的排序为不同类型茶园相同生育期>不同类型茶园不同生育期>同一类型茶园不同生育期>同一类型茶园相邻生育期。坡地茶园秋茶、平地茶园夏茶和秋茶以及等高茶园秋茶的群落组成最为相似;而平地茶园和坡地茶园春茶次之。等高茶园和平地茶园春茶的群落特征最相似,其次为3种类型茶园秋茶及平地茶园夏茶。  相似文献   

大豆与棉花基因组中抗病基因类似物的相似性分析     

朱美霞  陈良兵 《吉林农业大学学报》2005,27(2):149-154

已知许多植物抗病基因的蛋白质产物具有保守的结构域,如NBS、ILRR、TM等。根据烟草的N基因、亚麻的L6基因和拟南芥的RPS2基因的保守序列设计了1对简并引物,以应县小黑豆基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增获得16个不同的RGA片段,大小为470～545bp,且不同程度地含有抗病基因的保守序列,如GGVGKTT、GSRII、GIPL等。与已知大豆、棉花RGA进行比较,发现获得的大豆。RGA和用相同引物扩增获得的棉花RGA核酸序列以及相应的氨基酸序列之间同源性较低,与已经克隆的大豆RGA及其氨基酸序列之间有较高的相似性。  相似文献   

对方案有模糊互补偏好关系的模糊多属性决策法     

周宏安  刘三阳 《勤云标准版测试》2007,(1):74-79

研究了权重为区间数且对方案有模糊互补偏好关系的模糊多属性决策问题.首先,基于模糊互补判断矩阵的主观偏好信息,利用转换函数将决策信息一致化,并建立了目标规划模型.通过求解该模型得到属性的权重,运用加性加权法获得各方案的模糊综合属性值.其次,提出了基于方案的模糊正理想解与其模糊综合属性值相似度的方案排序法.该方法既能充分利用已有的客观信息,又能最大限度地体现决策者的主观意愿,且具有操作简便、易于上机实现的特点.该方法已应用于解决风险投资领域中项目评估问题.  相似文献