外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响     

陈丽靓  孙军利  常心怡  叶家发 《新疆农业科学》2022,59(7):1659-1665

【目的】研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素合成的影响。【方法】以酸枣水培幼苗为材料,研究外源ALA对NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶片内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量以及叶绿素总含量的影响。【结果】与150 mmol/L NaCl处理相比,外施100 mg/L ALA显著提高了酸枣幼苗的内源ALA含量、胆色素原含量、原卟啉Ⅸ含量、Mg-原卟啉Ⅸ含量、原叶绿酸酯含量、叶绿素a、b含量以及叶绿素总含量,较NaCl处理分别提高44.8%、20.8%、21.2%、26.4%、36.5%、36.0%、38.4%和41.2%;且叶绿素合成受阻位点在ALA向PBG转化过程。【结论】外源ALA可以促进NaCl胁迫下酸枣幼苗叶绿素的合成,促进幼苗生长。  相似文献   

植物介导金属纳米颗粒合成的研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

金季也  吴甘霖  党菲 《农业资源与环境学报》2022,39(4):664-672

随着纳米科技的快速发展,人工合成的金属纳米颗粒已在农业生产、生物医药、个人消费品等领域广泛应用。同时,越来越多研究表明植物也能介导金属纳米颗粒的合成。这些研究为制备金属纳米颗粒提供了新思路,但是,多数研究只局限于植物合成方法的表观描述,缺乏对过程及机理的深入研究。这不仅阻碍了金属纳米颗粒与植物相互作用的理论认知,还限制了植物合成方法的大规模应用。本文总结了近年来植物体内金属纳米颗粒的鉴别与表征方法及植物合成纳米材料的应用,重点对植物合成纳米颗粒的过程进行了梳理,发现有机酸、还原性糖类、蛋白质等生物成分都会参与纳米颗粒的生成过程。今后需研发更多的表征手段,以原位技术全面揭示植物合成金属纳米颗粒的机制。  相似文献   

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT,ANTIVIRAL STUDIES,FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT NK0238     

Wentao XU  Hao TIAN  Hongjian SONG  Yuxiu LIU  Yongqiang LI  Qingmin WANG 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2022,9(1):110

• Developed a two-step synthetic route to anti-plant-virus candidate NK0238. • NK0238 exhibited a broad antivirus spectrum in greenhouse. • NK0238 showed comparable antivirus activities as controls in field trials. • NK0238 was safe to birds, fish, bees and silkworms. • NK0238 has a very good prospect in commercial development. It has previously been shown that tryptophan, the biosynthesis precursor of Peganum harmala alkaloids, and its derivatives have anti-TMV activity both in vitro and in vivo. Further exploration of this led to the identification of NK0238 as a highly effective agent for the prevention and control of diseases caused by plant viruses, but the existing routes are unsuitable for its large-scale synthesis. This study optimized a route for two-step synthesis of this virucide candidate via reaction of l-tryptophan with triphosgene to produce l-tryptophan-N-carboxylic anhydride, which then reacts with n-octylamine to give NK0238 at up to 94% yield and nearly 97% HPLC purity. In addition, the route was used for the preparation of NK0238 on a>40 g scale permitting further assessment of its antivirus activity in the greenhouse and field experiments, and toxicity tests. NK0238 exhibited useful antiviral activities against a variety of viruses both in greenhouse and field experiments. The toxicity tests showed that NK0238 was not acutely toxic to birds, fish, honey bees and silkworms. The optimized route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies, its excellent activity and safety make NK0238 a promising drug candidate for further development.  相似文献   

灌喂必需氨基酸模式溶液对草鱼全鱼_省略_肌肉_肝胰脏蛋白质合成代谢的影响   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

罗莉 《水产学报》2002,26(1):73-78

采用大剂量食道灌喂DL－[4-^3H]-Phe，研究不同EAA模式下，20－30g体重草鱼种的全鱼和肌肉，肝胰脏的蛋白质合成代谢，结果表明：（1）分别缺乏Lys,Met,Trp Arg的4种极端不平衡EAA模式，同草鱼肌肉EAA模式即相对平衡的基础模式相比，肌肉，肝胰脏及全鱼的蛋白质合成速率（FSR）均显著降低，其降低程度高低依次为Met,Lys,Arg,Trp;(2)肝胰脏，肌肉人的蛋白质合成代谢与整体蛋白质合成代谢对EAA模式的改变产生相同的变化趋势，并且三者蛋白质合成代谢速率为肝胰脏＞全鱼＞肌肉；（3）EAA模式的Lys,Met,Trp,Arg4因素中，对肌肉，肝胰脏蛋白质合成速率影响最大的是Met,其余依次为Lys,Arg,Trp。  相似文献   

Intracellular Ca2+ signaling and ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 are associated with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cattle     

Ming Li  Wei Yang  Jianan Wen  Juan J Loor  Ahmad Aboragah  Jingjing Wang  Shuang Wang  Mingyang Li  Liyun Yu  Xilin Hou  Chuang Xu  Bingbing Zhang 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with anthelmintic resistance in sheep     

L.C. Falzon  T.J. O’Neill  P.I. Menzies  A.S. Peregrine  A. Jones-Bitton  J. vanLeeuwen  A. Mederos 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2014

Background

Anthelmintic drugs have been widely used in sheep as a cost-effective means for gastro-intestinal nematode (GIN) control. However, growing anthelmintic resistance (AHR) has created a compelling need to identify evidence-based management recommendations that reduce the risk of further development and impact of AHR.

Objective

To identify, critically assess, and synthesize available data from primary research on factors associated with AHR in sheep.

Methods

Publications reporting original observational or experimental research on selected factors associated with AHR in sheep GINs and published after 1974, were identified through two processes. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Agricola, CAB) and Web of Science (a collection of databases) were searched for potentially relevant publications. Additional publications were identified through consultation with experts, manual search of references of included publications and conference proceedings, and information solicited from small ruminant practitioner list-serves. Two independent investigators screened abstracts for relevance. Relevant publications were assessed for risk of systematic bias. Where sufficient data were available, random-effects Meta-Analyses (MAs) were performed to estimate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of AHR for factors reported in ≥2 publications.

Results

Of the 1712 abstracts screened for eligibility, 131 were deemed relevant for full publication review. Thirty publications describing 25 individual studies (15 observational studies, 7 challenge trials, and 3 controlled trials) were included in the qualitative synthesis and assessed for systematic bias. Unclear (i.e. not reported, or unable to assess) or high risk of selection bias and confounding bias was found in 93% (14/15) and 60% (9/15) of the observational studies, respectively, while unclear risk of selection bias was identified in all of the trials. Ten independent studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, and MAs were performed for five factors. Only high frequency of treatment was a significant risk factor (OR = 4.39; 95% CI = 1.59, 12.14), while the remaining 4 variables were marginally significant: mixed-species grazing (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 0.66, 4.07); flock size (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.97, 1.07); use of long-acting drug formulations (OR = 2.85; 95% CI = 0.79, 10.24); and drench-and-shift pasture management (OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 0.75, 22.16).

Conclusions

While there is abundant literature on the topic of AHR in sheep GINs, few studies have explicitly investigated the association between putative risk or protective factors and AHR. Consequently, several of the current recommendations on parasite management are not evidence-based. Moreover, many of the studies included in this review had a high or unclear risk of systematic bias, highlighting the need to improve study design and/or reporting of future research carried out in this field.  相似文献   

3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸的制备及其细胞毒性     

张可煜  ;郑海红  ;班曼曼  ;郑文丽  ;李涛  ;费陈忠  ;薛飞群 《兽医大学学报》2014,(7):1118-1123

通过贝鲁特反应和还原、脱羧反应在体外合成制备3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸,并进行理化鉴定和抗菌活性测试;通过MTT方法研究3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸对多种细胞的生长抑制作用,利用单细胞电泳研究其对细胞DNA的损伤作用,利用流式细胞术研究其对细胞周期的改变。结果显示,体外成功合成制备出3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸,而3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸几乎没有抗菌效果,对多种细胞的生长抑制作用较弱,在剂量检测范围内细胞抑制率不到30%,但在一定剂量下能导致细胞DNA损伤,主要表现为尾长和尾部DNA含量显著升高;并且3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸也能改变Chang细胞的细胞周期,表现为S期阻滞。结果表明,3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸具有一定的细胞毒性。  相似文献   

Hormonal influences on in vitro [35S]-sulfate uptake by gill arches from the goldfish (Carassius auratus L.)     

Tracy A. Marchant  Brenda M. Moroz 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):393-399

A bioassay for insulin-like growth factor (IGF), based on the in vitro incorporation of [³⁵S]-sulfate into gill arch tissue was used to study the hormonal regulation of proteoglycan synthesis in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). [³⁵S]-sulfate incorporation into gill arch tissue was found to be time-dependent with maximal uptake occurring by 48h, suggesting that proteoglycan synthesis in this tissue was maintained for at least 48h in vitro. The addition of human recombinant IGF-I (IGF-I) to the incubation medium was found to significantly stimulate [³⁵S]-sulfate uptake into the gill arches, whereas bovine growth hormone (GH) was without effect. Porcine insulin was also stimulatory, but results indicate that the effects of porcine insulin and IGF-I may be mediated by a single receptor system. Finally, arches from hypophysectomized fish were significantly less responsive to IGF-I than were arches from sham-operated fish. Furthermore, administration of ovine GH in vivo appeared to increase subsequent responsiveness in vitro. Together, these results provide evidence that the growth-promoting actions of GH in the goldfish may be mediated, at least in part, by a peptide related in structure to mammalian IGF-I.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary lipid level and vegetable oil on fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) over the whole production cycle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D.R. Tocher  J.G. Bell  F. McGhee  J.R. Dick  J. Fonseca-Madrigal 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,29(3):193-209

Changes in fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) induced by vegetable oil (VO) replacement of fish oil (FO) and high dietary oil in aquaculture diets can have negative impacts on the nutritional quality of the product for the human consumer, including altered flesh fatty acid composition and lipid content. A dietary trial was designed to investigate the twin problems of FO replacement and high energy diets in salmon throughout the entire production cycle. Salmon were grown from first feeding to around 2 kg on diets in which FO was completely replaced by a 1:1 blend of linseed and rapeseed oils at low (14–17%) and high (25–35%) dietary oil levels. This paper reports specifically on the influence of diet on various aspects of fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acid compositions of liver, intestinal tissue and gill were altered by the diets with increased proportions of C₁₈ polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased proportions of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in fish fed VO compared to fish fed FO. HUFA synthesis in hepatocytes and enterocytes was significantly higher in fish fed VO, whereas β-oxidation was unaltered by either dietary oil content or type. Over the entire production cycle, HUFA synthesis in hepatocytes showed a decreasing trend with age interrupted by a large peak in activity at seawater transfer. Gill cell prostaglandin (PG) production showed a possible seasonal trend, with peak activities in winter and low activities in summer and at seawater transfer. PG production in seawater was lower in fish fed the high oil diets with the lowest PG production generally observed in fish fed high VO. The changes in fatty acid metabolism induced by high dietary oil and VO replacement contribute to altered flesh lipid content and fatty acid compositions, and so merit continued investigation to minimize any negative impacts that sustainable, environmentally-friendly and cost-effective aquaculture diets could have in the future. Abbreviations: FO - fish oil; HUFA - highly unsaturated fatty acids acids (carbon chain length ≥C ₂₀ with ≥3 double bonds); LO - linseed oil; RO - rapeseed oil; VO - vegetable oil. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Protein metabolism during sexual maturation in female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L)     

N. B. Martin  D. F. Houlihan  C. Talbot  R. M. Palmer 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(2):131-141

Body composition and fractional rates of protein synthesis (percentage of the protein mass synthesized per day) were determined in female Atlantic salmon returning to the River Tay, Scotland in July and in October after a 95 day period without food, during which time the animals became sexually mature. During the 95 day period of starvation/sexual maturation the ventricle and red muscle remained as a constant proportion of fresh weight whereas the liver, gill and ovary increased and the stomach and white muscle decreased. Fractional rates of protein synthesis increased markedly in the liver, stomach and ovary during the period of starvation/sexual maturation. In the gill, ventricle and white muscle fractional protein synthesis rates increased slightly or remained constant. From the estimated rates of protein loss or gain in the various tissues it is concluded that there is considerable protein turnover and repartitioning of amino acids during the period of starvation and sexual maturation. The absolute rate of protein synthesis rates in the ovary indicates that this tissue made the largest contribution to the energy and amino acid demands of the fish, whilst most of the amino acids required for maturation of the ovary were derived from white muscle, principally as the result of increased muscle protein degradation.  相似文献