Inheritance of resistance to damage byThrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cabbage     

Kimberly A. Stoner  M. H. Dickson  A. M. Shelton 《Euphytica》1989,40(3):233-239

Summary The inheritance of resistance in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata) to damage caused byThrips tabaci Lindeman was studied in progeny from four crosses between resistant and susceptible inbred lines. In two families sharing the same susceptible parent, the narrow-sense heritability was calculated to be high (>90%), using the Warner method of calculation (Warner, 1952). The other two families, also sharing a susceptible parent, had very low narrow-sense heritability (0–11%). In three of the four families, however, the validity of the Warner calculations were called into question due to significant epistatic interactions. In all four families, the F₁ populations approached or exceeded the susceptibility of the susceptible parent, indicating that susceptibility is generally dominant. The importance of epistasis and dominance suggests that tests of hybrid combinations to determine combining ability for thrips resistance may be required, rather than selecting only on the basis of thrips damage to the inbred lines. The technique of planting wheat upwind from the cabbage test plot did generate adequate levels of thrips pressure, but the infestation was uneven in two of the four blocks, so that reasonable replication of tests is required.  相似文献   

New sources for high resistance of tomato to the tomato spotted wilt virus from Lycopersicon peruvianum     

S. Roselló    S. Soler    M. J. Díez    J. L. Rambla    C. Richarte  F. Nuez 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(5):425-429

Mechanical inoculation and transmission by thrips in a growth chamber were used in order to screen Lycopersicon peruvianumand Lycopersicon chilense germplasm for tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) resistance. Two highly aggressive Spanish TSWV isolates (HA-931100 and T-941117), having different restrictotypes were used. L. peruvianum accessions PI-126935, PI-126944, CIAPAN 16, PE-18 and CIAPAN 17 showed high resistance to both isolates in mechanical and thrips transmission. Their resistance appears useful in breeding programmes.  相似文献   

花生番茄斑萎病毒病的发生与防治研究进展     

董炜博  李敏 《中国油料作物学报》2022,44(5):937

世界范围内,由蓟马传播的番茄斑萎病毒（tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV）是危害花生的主要病毒之一。过去的40年中有关花生上斑萎病毒病的病原学、病害流行学以及综合治理等方面都取得了许多重要进展,本文简要回顾了花生上TSWV的发现和研究历史,重点介绍了花生上斑萎病毒病的流行规律、农艺防治、化学防治及抗病育种等方面所取得的进展与成就。近年来,TSWV在我国多种作物上不断被发现,给花生生产带来了越来越大的威胁,本文也介绍了2021年在大连地区花生上观察到的TSWV为害症状,并结合我国目前花生上斑萎病毒病的危害现状提出了应对潜在威胁的建议。  相似文献   

辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类与时间生态位     

胡昌雄  #  李宜儒#  吕布典  殷红慧  徐天养  胡加云  陈国华  张晓明 《植物保护》2022,48(5):38-46

为明确辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类和发生规律?于2019年和2020年对昆明市盘龙区辣椒田的蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫的种类及种群数量进行了调查, 并进行了时间生态位分析?结果表明, 辣椒田蓟马种类共有10种, 优势种为西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis?黄蓟马Thrips flavus?八节黄蓟马T. flavidulus和花蓟马F. intonsa, 其中西花蓟马的优势度最高, 两年分别为0.593和0.551; 主要捕食性天敌昆虫有南方小花蝽Orius similis?二叉小花蝽O. bifilarus和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis, 其中南方小花蝽优势度最高, 两年分别为0.759和0.728?两年中, 西花蓟马的种群数量随时间变化波动幅度最大, 在7月中上旬数量最高值两年分别为66.5头/m2和61.5头/m2, 而捕食性天敌昆虫活动高峰时间滞后于蓟马?2019年黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.80; 2020年八节黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.87?黄蓟马和八节黄蓟马同其他优势种蓟马的生态位重叠指数高, 两种蓟马在时间序列上活动情况相似?3种捕食性天敌的时间生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数相近, 在辣椒田存在一定的竞争作用?辣椒田蓟马发生量大且种类呈现多样性, 其中西花蓟马种群数量较高, 应着重对其进行防治?南方小花蝽?二叉小花蝽?异色瓢虫是控制辣椒蓟马的主要捕食性天敌昆虫, 在辣椒花期前以及各种农事操作时尽可能保护其种群数量, 增强天敌对蓟马的自然控害功能?  相似文献   

花生-玉米间作种植模式对蓟马类害虫的控制效果     

鞠倩  欧阳芳  张群  戈峰  曲明静 《植物保护学报》2022,49(4):1194-1200

为明确花生-玉米间作种植模式对蓟马类害虫的控制效果,通过3年田间试验系统调查花生单作、玉米单作和花生-玉米间作3种种植模式下蓟马及其主要捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri的种群数量动态特征及不同种植模式下东亚小花蝽和蓟马的益害比。结果显示,花生-玉米间作种植模式下东亚小花蝽种群密度显著高于花生单作种植模式,花生-玉米间作种植模式下82.94%以上的东亚小花蝽来源于玉米斑块;与2种单作种植模式相比,花生-玉米间作种植模式未显著减少蓟马的种群密度;东亚小花蝽种群密度与蓟马种群密度呈显著线性关系;花生-玉米间作种植模式下东亚小花蝽与蓟马的益害比均显著低于其他2种单作种植模式。表明花生-玉米间作种植模式在局域农田小范围空间尺度下能显著提高捕食性天敌的种群密度,但并不能显著减少蓟马类害虫种群数量。  相似文献   

Thysanoptera infestation on skin and periorbital cellulitis in ostriches (Struthio camelus) aged 14 months     

RG Cooper 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):130-133

AIM: To report the infestation of Thysanoptera (Limothrips denticornis) on ostriches (Struthio camelus) and to determine their relative density.

METHODS: A farm in Poland was studied on which ostriches aged 14 months were severely infested with L. denticornis (thrips). Thrips were collected and their density on the neck, torso and legs (10 cm²) of 85 ostriches determined at 0600, 1200 and 1800 h, respectively, over 7 days. At the same times, apparent densities of thrips/m² were determined in adjacent grassy areas (120 m²) on a muslin cloth impregnated with permethrin. Thrips were mounted onto slides in Hoyer's medium, for identification.

RESULTS: The apparent density of thrips was greatest at 1200 h, and was greater on the neck than the torso and legs (p=0.03). In adjacent surroundings, densities were also highest at 1200 h (mean 199 (SE 9.3) thrips/m²) and were similar to the maximum densities recorded on the necks of ostriches at that time (mean 205 (SE 6.4) thrips/m²). Ostriches engaged in excessive preening and attempted to scratch their head/neck with their feet. Numerous small, pale red papules were observed on the skin. Observations of periorbital cellulitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, watery discharge, inflammation, and sclerotic discolouration were noted in 65 ostriches.

CONCLUSION: Observations were commensurate with L. denticornis infestation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infestation may exacerbate stress levels and subsequently lead to a reduction in feed intake and performance. The infestation and subsequent irritation from thrips impacts negatively on the general health of ostriches by damaging skin and irritating eyes.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a guardian plant system to suppress Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse ornamentals     

Cheryl Frank Sullivan  Agrin Davari  Jae Su Kim  Bruce L. Parker  Margaret Skinner 《Pest management science》2023,79(10):3559-3569

  相似文献   

植物源药剂混配防治西花蓟马的药效研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曾亮  袁庆华  侯向阳  姚拓 《植物保护》2009,35(6):164-166

通过对9种植物源药剂进行药剂混配并与1种化学药剂（2.5%溴氰菊酯）对苜蓿上西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）进行防治比较试验,筛选出针对西花蓟马具有较好防效的复合植物源药剂。结果表明,10%柠檬草乳油250倍液与0.3%印楝素乳油800倍液以及0.3%印楝素乳油800倍液与2.5%鱼藤酮乳油800倍液两种组合具有显著效果,防效分别为76.5%～92.5%和79.9%～88.7%,具有见效快、持效期长的特点。  相似文献   

25%噻虫嗪SC防治盘育秧和水育秧害虫试验研究     

邹剑明  刘雪源  林蕴华  胡立冬  丁朝辉 《江西农业学报》2009,21(10):86-89

应用25%噻虫嗪SC在水稻苗期以不同处理方式(灌根、叶面喷雾)、不同浓度(500~1500倍液)施用1次防治苗期稻蓟马、大田期稻飞虱,结果表明:该药剂对水稻苗期蓟马有良好的防治效果,苗前一次施药控制大田期稻飞虱效果一般。对提高秧苗素质有良好的作用。  相似文献   

利用假茎注射吡虫啉防控香蕉蓟马   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

尹可锁  郑泗军  杨韶松  曾莉  李迅东  郭志祥  段玉云  杨佩文  徐盛涛  严洪斌  周跃能 《植物保护》2016,42(5):238-241

本研究使用专用注射器在香蕉花蕾刚现出时,通过假茎注射吡虫啉防治蓟马。试验1为70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂稀释200、250、300倍液,每株注射40mL;试验2为70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂稀释200倍液,每株注射20、40、60mL。结果表明:试验1和试验2的各处理对香蕉植株均没有药害。试验1中,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂稀释200倍液对蓟马的防效为82.4%,与常规处理差异不显著,而稀释250、300倍液的防效为75.5%、66.8%,显著低于常规处理。试验2中,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂200倍液3个注射剂量处理对蓟马的防效分别为77.9%、86.3%、89.6%,注射20mL的防效显著低于注射40mL和60mL的处理。在生产中,利用香蕉假茎注射施用70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂防治蓟马,考虑防效及成本,推荐浓度为稀释200倍液,每株注射40mL。该施药方法节省了农药使用量、施药时间,操作简便,达到了农药减量与确保防效并举的效果,为香蕉生产中减量使用农药提供了技术依据。  相似文献