2014年云南番茄、辣椒上番茄斑萎病毒属病毒与传毒蓟马的发生特点     

郑雪  陈永对  吴阔  张丽珍  苏晓霞  郑宽瑜  张洁  董家红 《广西农业科学》2015,46(3)

[目的]了解云南地区番茄、辣椒上番茄斑萎病毒属病毒(Tospoviruses)与传毒蓟马的发生特点,为有效监测与防控Tospoviruses引起的斑萎病及传毒蓟马的发生流行提供理论指导和技术支撑.[方法]采用定点调查法,对云南Tospoviruses常发重灾区泸西和晋宁地区番茄、辣椒上的Tospoviruses及传毒蓟马的发生特点进行调查.[结果]2014年,泸西番茄、辣椒上斑萎病发病率和传毒蓟马种群数量均于7月7日达最高值,分别为16％、66％和1418、822头/100株.晋宁地区番茄、辣椒斑萎病发病较重,7月12日发病率达最高,分别为76％和80％,番茄上传毒蓟马种群数量在6月21日达最高峰,百株虫量为896头,辣椒在7月12日达最高峰,百株虫量为696头.经室内ELISA及分子检测,Tospoviruses种类鉴定为TSWV、TZSV;传毒蓟马种类鉴定为西花蓟马、花蓟马及棕榈蓟马,西花蓟马为绝对优势种.[结论]2014年云南泸西、晋宁等地番茄、辣椒上Tospoviruses引起的斑萎病及传毒蓟马危害严重,选择抗性品种是有效控制Tospoviruses发生流行的方法之一.针对Tospoviruses及传毒蓟马的发生特点,合理采用农业、生物、物理、化学防治等综合技术措施,才能保证蔬菜产业的健康发展.  相似文献   

Influence of tillage,planting date,and Bt cultivar on seasonal abundance and within-plant distribution patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers in cotton     

M. N. Parajulee  R. B. Shrestha  J. F. Leser 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):249-260

Abstract

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae( and cotton fleahoppers, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter( (Hemiptera: Miridae(, are considered to be significant economic pests of cotton in Texas, USA. A 2-year field study evaluated the influence of planting date, tillage practice, and Bt cotton on seasonal abundance patterns of thrips and cotton fleahoppers and their within-plant distribution patterns in cotton. Thrips were sampled visually while fleahoppers were sampled both visually and with a ‘beat bucket’ at weekly intervals throughout the growing season. Thrips infestations had two distinct peaks, with the first peak at the one to two main stem node leaf stage and the second peak during the flowering stage. Cotton fleahoppers had only one infestation peak at 13 – 15 weeks after planting (after crop cutout(. Average seasonal abundance of each pest was significantly influenced by tillage practice with higher numbers in conventional tillage compared with that in conservation tillage plots. Thrips abundance was similar between the two cultivars, whereas cotton fleahopper abundance was significantly higher in non-Bt cotton compared with that in Bt cotton. Thrips average seasonal abundance was significantly higher in timely planted cotton compared with that in late-planted cotton. Thrips were more prevalent in upper one-third vertical stratum (51%( followed by middle stratum (33%( and the lower stratum (16%(. Cotton fleahopper within-plant distribution was similar to that for thrips, with 65, 24, and 11% of the total abundance found in upper, middle, and lower one-third of the plant, respectively.  相似文献   

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Thrips   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Jones  David R 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2005,113(2):119-157

All thrips (order Thysanoptera) that are known to be vectors of plant viruses are identified and described. Thrips transmit plant viruses in the Tospovirus, Ilarvirus, Carmovirus, Sobemovirus and Machlomovirus genera. Tospoviruses are the cause of a number of significant emerging diseases, such as capsicum chlorosis and scape blight of onion. They infect thrips as well as plant hosts and the relationship between pathogen and vector is intimate. Once infected at the larval stage, adult thrips usually transmit tospovirsuses for life. Transmission to plant hosts occurs when thrips feed. Information on the distribution and hosts of all recognised thrips vectors is provided. Fourteen tospovirus species are described with information provided on other tospoviruses that have not yet been designated as species. The history of the research that has led to present knowledge is reviewed in chronological order for each tospovirus. The possible origin of tospoviruses is discussed. Information is presented on viruses, which are thrips-transmitted by mechanical processes, in other genera. Pathways of spread of thrips vectors in relation to the threat of tospoviruses to European agriculture are discussed.  相似文献   

甘蔗种质对甘蔗蓟马的耐害性研究     

罗志明  覃伟  尹炯  李银煳  张荣跃  李俊 《中国农学通报》2022,38(34):107-112

通过自然种群接虫方法,开展12个甘蔗种质对蓟马的耐害性评价。结果表明,不同甘蔗种质虫害水平存在较大差异,其中‘云蔗15-507’为害最轻（虫害指数为13.33%）,‘云蔗14-1010’为害最重（虫害指数为73.33%）。相关分析结果显示,虫害指数与卷叶率相关性最强(R=0.9758),蓟马成虫数与虫害指数、卷叶率呈弱相关关系。耐害性由强到弱划分,可将12个甘蔗种质分为4个耐害等级,其中‘云蔗135-507’、‘云蔗15-1679’和‘云蔗14-1289’为1级,‘云蔗11-3898’和‘云蔗14-1215’为2级,‘云蔗14-1208’、‘云蔗15-1692’、‘云蔗13-1821’和‘云蔗12-1185’为3级,‘粤糖93-159’、‘云蔗13-1182’和‘云蔗14-1010’为4级。对耐害性甘蔗种质相关生理生化指标分析结果表明,虫害指数与多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈显著的负相关关系,与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性有弱的正相关相系,与苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量等无相关关系。  相似文献   

赤霉素对马铃薯生长及开花的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴巧玉  何天久  夏锦慧 《广东农业科学》2014,41(3):20-22

以3种不同熟期的马铃薯为材料,研究了赤霉素（GA3）对马铃薯生长与开花的影响,旨在为马铃薯杂交 育种、花期调控提供参考依据。结果表明院GA3能促进马铃薯植株的生长,使叶片叶绿素下降,能促进开花性弱的早熟 材料开花,提前并延长开花性强的中晚熟材料的花期。  相似文献   

不同播期对冀东地区玉米田禾蓟马发生量和玉米产量的影响     

张尚卿  ;韩靖玲  ;张丽娇  ;韩晓清  ;段惠敏 《河北农业科学》2014,(5):51-53

为了探索冀东地区玉米播期与禾蓟马发生量和玉米产量之间的关系,以生产常用玉米品种郑单958为试材,在4月30日～7月19日每隔10d设定1个播期,研究了9个不同播期处理对禾蓟马发生量和玉米产量的影响,以确定冀东地区玉米禾蓟马为害率较低且产量较高的适宜播种日期。结果表明：随着播期的推迟,禾蓟马发生量呈增加一减少一增加的趋势,玉米产量呈减少一增加一减少的趋势,其中,4月30日播种的玉米未见到禾蓟马发生、产量最高,5月10日和6月29日播种的玉米虫害率较低、产量较高,但3个播期处理的玉米产量差异均不显著。建议冀东地区春播玉米选择4月30日～5月10日播种,夏播玉米选择6月29日前后播种,以降低禾蓟马对玉米产量的影响。  相似文献   

Toxicity of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides to avocado thrips in nursery avocado trees   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Byrne FJ  Toscano NC  Urena AA  Morse JG 《Pest management science》2007,63(9):860-866

The efficacies of four systemic neonicotinoid insecticides applied to potted avocado trees at manufacturer-recommended rates were assessed against the avocado thrips, Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara. At the time of treatment, fully expanded first-flush young leaves were tagged for identification, and a proportion of these leaves was used in bioassays with second-instar thrips. At 7 weeks post-treatment, a second flush of leaves had fully expanded on the trees, and these leaves were included in additional bioassays comparing avocado thrips mortality on both first- and second-flush leaves. In bioassays with first-flush leaves, imidacloprid (273 mg AI pot(-1)) was the most effective insecticide, providing at least 70% mortality of thrips for 14 weeks. Thiamethoxam (137 mg AI pot(-1)), clothianidin (109 mg AI pot(-1)) and dinotefuran (241 mg AI pot(-1)) provided good control in bioassays that were conducted within 4 weeks of treatment, but thereafter their efficacies were inconsistent. In bioassays with second-flush leaves, imidacloprid provided at least 70% mortality up to 9 weeks after the insecticide application. Thereafter, mortality declined to 30% or lower. Bioassays with second-flush leaves collected from trees treated with thiamethoxam, clothianidin and dinotefuran resulted in unacceptably low thrips mortality. Monitoring of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residues by ELISA showed that the greater persistence of imidacloprid in both first and second leaf flushes was due to a steadier uptake of this material. Although thiamethoxam residues rose quickly within the first leaf flush, levels had already begun to dissipate by the time the second leaf flush had started to develop.  相似文献   

The effects of a vegetational corridor on the abundance and dispersal of insect biodiversity within a northern California organic vineyard   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Nicholls  Clara I.  Parrella  Michael  Altieri  Miguel A. 《Landscape Ecology》2001,16(2):133-146

During 1996 and 1997, two adjacent 2.5 has organic vineyard blocks (A and B) were monitored to assess the distributional and abundance patterns of the Western grape leafhopper Erythroneura elegantula Osborn (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and its parasitoid Anagrus epos Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and generalist predators. The main difference between blocks was that block A was cut across by a corridor composed of 65 flowering plant species which was connected to the surrounding riparian habitat, whereas block B had no plant corridor. In both years, leafhopper adults and nymphs and thrips tended to be more numerous in the middle rows of block A and less abundant in border rows close to the forest and corridor where predators were more abundant. The complex of predators circulating through the corridor moved to the adjacent vine rows and exerted a regulatory impact on herbivores present in such rows. In block B all insects were evenly distributed over the field, no obvious density gradient was detected from the edges into the center of the field. Although it is suspected that A. epos depended on food resources of the corridor, it did not display a gradient from this rich flowering area into the middle of the field. Likewise no differences in rates of egg parasitism of leafhoppers could be detected in vines near the corridor or in the vineyard center. The presence of riparian habitats enhanced predator colonization and abundance on adjacent vineyards, although this influence was limited by the distance to which natural enemies dispersed into the vineyard. However, the corridor amplified this influence by enhancing timely circulation and dispersal movement of predators into the center of the field.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Gossypium arboreum L. Germplasm for resistance to thrips     

M. A. Stanton  J. McD. Stewart  N. P. Tugwell 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1992,39(2):89-95

Summary As part of a project to assess the U.S. Asiatic Cotton Germplasm Collection as a source of genes for pest resistance, forty-three accessions of Gossypium arboreum L. were evaluated for resistance to thrips. Thrips, Thysanoptera spp., are a minor, but widespread pest on cotton, G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. Accessions were planted in free-choice field tests in 1988, 1989, and 1990 at the Cotton Branch Experiment Station, Marianna, Arkansas. Damage ratings, based on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 7 (severe damage), were made approximately one month after planting. Relative score was computed by dividing the rating of each accession by the rating of the reference, G. hirsutum Stoneville 506. The relative score averaged over all G. arboreum accessions by year varied with the year, but was less than 100 (relative score for Stoneville 506) in each case. When data were combined for all three years, twenty-five accessions were significantly better than Stoneville 506. Introgression of the better accessions into G. hirsutum is now in progress.Abbreviations NPGS National Plant Germplasm System - STV 506 G. hirsutum Stoneville 506  相似文献   

大棚蔬菜西花蓟马的种群动态及其天敌种类   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郝晨彦  王相晶  侯文杰  施秀珍  吴青君  徐宝云  张友军 《中国蔬菜》2011,1(20):74-78

对北京地区大棚栽培蔬菜上西花蓟马种群动态和天敌种类进行调查。结果显示,春茬甜椒在定植30 d内,西花蓟马种群数量增长缓慢,但进入开花期,其数量迅速增长,到6月后持续保持在高数量水平。秋茬甜椒上西花蓟马的种群数量明显低于春季,也主要集中在花中取食。西花蓟马的天敌有瓢虫类、草蛉类和花蝽类,以花蝽类昆虫最多,并对西花蓟马种群具有一定的控制作用。  相似文献