南宁市瓜类作物蓟马种类与发生动态调查     

任立云  陈乔  赵斌  罗成祥 《广西农业科学》2013,(9):1477-1482

[目的]明确南宁市瓜类作物蓟马种类和发生动态,为更有效地进行瓜类蓟马防治提供基础资料.[方法]采用5点取样法,于2009～2010年连续两年对南宁市瓜类作物上的蓟马种类、为害程度、主要作物生长期重要蓟马的发生动态进行调查.[结果]南宁市瓜类作物上蓟马共14种,分别隶属于锯尾亚目（Terebrantia）蓟马科（Thripidae）（3属13种）和管尾亚目（Tubulifera）管蓟马科（Phlaeothripidae）（1属1种）,其中花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa Trybom）、棕榈蓟马（Thrips palmi Kamy）和黄胸蓟马（Thrips hawaiiensi Morgan）是瓜类作物上的优势种,花蓟马和黄胸蓟马主要停留在各种作物的花中,偶见在作物的其他部位停留;棕榈蓟马则大部分停留在作物的嫩尖上,少部分停落在叶片充分展开但偏幼嫩的叶上,花上数量稍少.在几种主要瓜类作物中,节瓜和南瓜受害最重,丝瓜受害最轻.[建议]苗期及时防治瓜类蓟马,以降低种群数量;加强水肥管理,使作物迅速生长,避过蓟马为害高峰期;拔除病株,减少病毒病传播.  相似文献   

云南省马铃薯病毒及蓟马优势种发生趋势     

杜霞  吴阔  刘霞  张丽珍  苏晓霞  张宏瑞  张仲凯  胡先奇  董家红  杨艳丽  高玉林 《中国农业科学》2020,53(3):551-562

【目的】明确云南省马铃薯病毒的优势种及马铃薯新病毒的发生变化,为马铃薯种苗、种薯的生产提供早期预警监测,并为防止新的病毒病害暴发流行提供依据。【方法】采用随机五点取样法,从云南马铃薯春作区和冬作区的不同田块采集各地主栽马铃薯品种的叶片,共采集到510份植株叶片,采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法中的双抗体夹心ELISA（DAS-ELISA）和间接ELISA（I-ELISA）两种方法进行病毒检测。进行蓟马采集时,同样采用随机五点取样法,从云南马铃薯春作区和冬作区采集各地主栽马铃薯品种的花和叶片,将样品放入采集罐后带回实验室,对罐中的蓟马进行整理,共采集到8 953头蓟马。将蓟马制作为临时玻片标本,参考中国蓟马属蓟马检索表及Oz Thrips（http://www.ozthrips.org/）,通过形态学特征对蓟马进行种类鉴定。【结果】从510份马铃薯样品中,共检测出6种常见病毒和2种新兴病毒。马铃薯病毒的优势种为马铃薯S病毒（Potato virus S,PVS）,检出率高达63.53%,其次是马铃薯X病毒（Potato virus X,PVX）和马铃薯卷叶病毒（Potato leafroll virus,PLRV）;检测出2种新兴病毒番茄斑萎病毒（Tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV）和番茄环纹斑点病毒（Tomato zonate spot virus,TZSV）,检出率分别为5.10%和15.10%。本次调查共鉴定了3科,5属,13种蓟马。蓟马科(Thripidae)共鉴定出3个属11个种,分别为蓟马属(Thrips)的八节黄蓟马（T. flavidulus）、黄蓟马（T. flavus）、棕榈蓟马（T. palmi）、烟蓟马（T. tabaci）、黄胸蓟马（T. hawaiiensis）、色蓟马（T. coloratus）、暗足蓟马（T. obscuripes）和葱韭蓟马（T. alliorum）;花蓟马属(Frankliniella)的西花蓟马(F. occidentalis)、花蓟马（F. intonsa);带蓟马属(Taeniothrips)的大带蓟马(Ta. major);管蓟马科(Phlaeothripidae)简管蓟马属（Haplothrips）的简管蓟马（Haplothrips sp.）和纹蓟马科(Aeolothripidae)纹蓟马属（Aeolothrips）的纹蓟马（Aeolothrips sp.）。检测出的8种病毒中TSWV和TZSV是蓟马传播的病毒,其中,西花蓟马是潜在传毒蓟马群体中的优势种,占潜在传毒蓟马群体总数的69.47%。【结论】目前,PVS是云南马铃薯主要病毒优势种,2种侵染马铃薯的新兴病毒的发生率也在增加。西花蓟马是潜在传毒蓟马群体中的优势种。  相似文献   

The male‐produced aggregation pheromone of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips usitatus in China: identification and attraction of conspecifics in the laboratory and field     

Pingping Liu  Zifang Qin  Mingyue Feng  Liu Zhang  Xinzheng Huang  Wangpeng Shi 《Pest management science》2020,76(9):2986-2993

  相似文献   

Population dynamics of arthropods associated with early-season tomato plants as influenced by soil surface microenvironment     

Charles G. Summers  Albert S. Newton  Jeffrey P. Mitchell  James J. Stapleton 《Crop Protection》2010

Two field studies were conducted in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California in order to describe the association of arthropods and possible virus diseases with the plant canopy of early-season, bush-trained, fresh-market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Shady Lady) over three soil surface microenvironments. The experimental treatments were based on alterations to planting bed surfaces, as follow: 1) soil covered with silver metalized, light-reflective plastic mulch; 2) soil covered with biological mulch consisting of killed, chopped, cool-season cover crop residues [mixture of triticale (X Triticosecale Wittm.), rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Merced), and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)]; or 3) bare soil (not covered) – the SJV standard tomato production practice. In both studies, the predominant arthropods encountered in all treatments were the aphid species Aphis craccivora Koch, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Myzus persicae Sulzer; the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), and the false chinch bug (Nysius raphanus Howard). These are all considered to be pests of cultivated tomato plants. Spiders were the most prevalent arthropod predator group recovered from foliage samples. All monitored arthropods, except spiders, were most abundant in tomato plants grown over the conventional, bare soil surface, and least abundant (P < 0.05) in plants grown over the silver plastic mulch. Spider numbers were highest in plant foliage over the biological mulch. Other arthropods commonly found on tomato plants in the SJV, including leafhoppers, whiteflies, various caterpillars, and predaceous taxa, were not commonly nor consistently encountered. This was likely due to the early-season timeframe of these studies. Similarly, foliar virus disease symptoms, which were originally targeted for monitoring, were virtually nonexistent. The only arthropod pest species encountered which consistently caused economically important damage to tomato fruit was N. raphanus. In both experiments, tomato fruits grown over the reflective plastic mulch had significantly less (69.5% and 39.7%, respectively) damage due to this pest than those over bare soil. The biological mulch gave inconsistent, intermediate damage reductions. Results from these two field studies showed that reflective plastic bed mulch suppressed populations of a variety of tomato canopy-associated arthropod taxa in early-season plantings, as compared to conventional, bare-soil beds. The biological bed mulch results were more inconsistent, but gave indications that killed cover crop residues, as well as the light-reflective plastic, may be of value in integrated pest management programs for fresh-market tomato production.  相似文献   

18.6;拌福乙种衣剂防治棉花蓟马的效果研究     

雷斌  胡爱芝  王东  常晓春  张波  徐好学  鲁爱玲  孔艳 《新疆农业科学》2010,47(12):2530

[目的]考察种衣剂种类、拌种时间不同的情况下防治棉花蓟马效果.[方法]2009和2010年在新疆喀什地区进行小区试验.[结果]同一种衣剂拌种时间不同对棉蓟马的防治效果不存在显著影响.此外,在5个类型的种衣剂筛选试验中,种衣剂1的平均防效为86.8;,高于种衣剂4和5,显著高于种衣剂6和7.[结论]播种前拌种对棉蓟马的防治效果最好.在棉花生产中,推荐使用种衣剂1(即18.6;拌福乙种衣剂)防治蓟马.  相似文献   

施肥技术对两种主要茶梢害虫发生量影响的初步观察     

姚雍静  牟春林  赵志清  何莲  郭灿  卢天国 《山地农业生物学报》2011,30(3):263-266

本文通过田间小区对比试验,探讨不同肥源、不同施肥方式、不同施用量对茶树重要害虫田间发生量的影响。结果表明:GS-C4处理茶棍蓟马的田间发生量最低,相对防效为45.38%,GS-CS2处理茶假眼小绿叶蝉的田间发生量最低,相对防效为61.67%。  相似文献   

Inheritance of resistance to acrinathrin in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)     

Bielza P  Quinto V  Fernández E  Grávalos C  Abellán J  Cifuentes D 《Pest management science》2008,64(5):584-588

BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus.  相似文献   

Insecticide resistance management strategies against the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis     

Bielza P 《Pest management science》2008,64(11):1131-1138

Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest of a wide range of crops grown throughout the world. Insecticide resistance has been documented in many populations of WFT. Biological and behavioural characteristics and pest management practices that promote insecticide resistance are discussed. In addition, an overview is provided of the development of insecticide resistance in F. occidentalis populations and the resistance mechanisms involved. Owing to widespread resistance to most conventional insecticides, a new approach to insecticide resistance management (IRM) of F. occidentalis is needed. The IRM strategy proposed consists of two parts. Firstly, a general strategy to minimise the use of insecticides in order to reduce selection pressure. Secondly, a strategy designed to avoid selection of resistance mechanisms, considering cross-resistance patterns and resistance mechanisms.  相似文献   

北京地区西花蓟马发生动态调查     

张衍雷  付卫东  张国良  王薇 《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,42(2)

通过2009年对北京海淀、昌平、顺义、通州、大兴、房山、门头沟7个地区的蔬菜花卉基地进行全面系统的调查,发现在顺义、通州、房山及门头沟4个地区有西花蓟马发生且危害较为严重。种群数量动态与寄主植物花期相吻合。09年其种群数量上升,但扩散现象并不明显。  相似文献   

氯虫苯甲酰胺在水稻及稻田环境中的残留动态   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

段劲生  王梅  董旭  孙明娜  肖青青  朱玉杰  孙海滨  刘艳萍  高同春 《植物保护》2016,42(1):93-98

采用田间试验方法,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解动态,测定了氯虫苯甲酰胺在水稻和土壤中的最终残留量。稻田水和土壤样品采用丙酮提取,水稻样品用乙腈溶液浸泡提取,经玻璃层析柱净化,HPLC紫外分析测定。结果表明,稻田水、土壤、水稻植株、谷壳、糙米中氯虫苯甲酰胺添加浓度为0.005~1.0mg/kg时,平均回收率为85.06%~95.83%,变异系数在2.08%~5.77%之间。方法的最低检测浓度为:稻田水0.005mg/kg,土壤0.01mg/kg,水稻植株0.02mg/kg,谷壳0.02mg/kg,糙米0.01mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在稻田水、土壤和水稻植株中的消解动态均符合一级动力学方程,半衰期分别为3.1~5.0d、6.6~9.0d、8.0~9.9d。以33.86g/hm2和50.80g/hm2间隔14d施用氯虫苯甲酰胺2次和3次,末次施药21d后氯虫苯甲酰胺的最高残留量为:土壤0.217mg/kg,水稻植株0.879mg/kg,谷壳0.389mg/kg,糙米0.018mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在糙米中的残留量低于我国和食品法典委员会(CAC)及欧盟的最大残留限量(MRL)标准。  相似文献