高压静电预处理技术对番茄保鲜的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

张全国  焦有宙  张泽星  黄伟  朱彦 《华中农业大学学报》2002,21(6):558-562

研究了高压静电预处理后的番茄在保鲜过程中的呼吸强度、抗压强度以及失重情况的变化规律。结果表明，利用电场强度为150kV/m的高压静电场预处理番茄45min后，可使自然条件下番茄的呼吸高峰推迟4d后出现，并发现高压静电预处理能有效地保持番茄较高的表面抗压强度和较低的失重率，延长番茄的贮藏保鲜时间。  相似文献   

等肥量下不同分施次数对番茄产量及品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘中良  高璐阳  高俊杰  陈震  闫伟强  谷端银 《中国农学通报》2021,37(5):26-30

本研究旨在明确基质栽培条件下番茄较佳的施肥次数,为科学施肥提供理论支持.以番茄品种'喜临门'为试材,在生育期间施肥总量相同的前提下(N 542.30 kg/hm2、P2Os 212.6 kg/hm2、K2O 680.4 kg/hm2),设置5个施肥次数,CK:次/20天,8次、T1:次/4天,36次;T2:次/8天,1...  相似文献   

氮、钾用量对机采加工番茄果实成熟、产量及品质的影响     

张占琴  颉建辉  李艳  王建江  杨相昆 《西北农业学报》2022,30(6):766-776

为探索适合新疆地区膜下滴灌机械采收加工番茄的施肥规律,研究不同氮肥(N)、钾肥(K)及交互作用(N×K)对机械采收加工番茄果实成熟、产量及品质的影响,设置氮肥和钾肥二因素随机区组试验,设计9个处理,3次重复。结果表明不同N、K用量及其互作对加工番茄果实物质积累量、单果质量、果实红熟率、产量、可溶性固形物含量、番茄红素含量影响显著,对果实叶绿素含量、β-胡萝卜素含量、L值影响不显著。N₂K₂、N₂K₃、N₃K₂条件下加工番茄产量≥16.12×10⁴kg·hm^-2、成熟度≥93.29%、果实固形物含量≥5.22%、番茄红素含量≥21.38mg·hg^-1,可满足机械采收对加工番茄的要求。通过经济效益分析推荐施肥量为N 152.1 kg·hm^-2,K₂O 118.2kg·hm^-2。  相似文献   

贵州无公害番茄栽培专家系统的开发研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭志良  赵泽英  李莉婕  王海  李中元  李丹 《贵州农业科学》2007,35(4):30-33

贵州无公害番茄栽培专家系统是基于PAID 4.0开发平台研制的。系统将人工智能与番茄栽培领域专家的知识结合起来,模拟农业专家指导农户进行无公害番茄栽培,具有技术先进、功能丰富、结构规范、界面友好、易学实用等特点,可有效地解决目前贵州无公害番茄生产中专家型农业科技人员的短缺问题,为农业科技咨询服务提供新途径。  相似文献   

不同叶背补光模式对戈壁温室番茄品质的影响     

宋羽  蒋程瑶  李玉姗 《新疆农业科学》2021,58(2):294-303

[目的]研究南疆戈壁日光温室内不同叶背补光模式对番茄果实品质的影响,以获得适合该地区设施番茄生产的经济最适补光模式.[方法]以NS3389番茄作为材料,LED为补光光源,于08:00～22:00期间内,以无补光处理为空白对照(CK),并设置3种叶背补光模式:T1,100μmol/(m2·s)持续补光;T2,揭帘之前与盖...  相似文献   

设施番茄灰霉病气象指标及其生态防治措施          下载免费PDF全文

赵春芳  冯彩波  孔宁宁  孙培良 《农业工程》2024,14(5)

设施番茄灰霉病是由气象因子影响的一种重危害、高损失的真菌性病害。通过多年的观测调查发现：当连续10日及以上设施内日平均气温≥14.8℃、相对湿度≥90%、出现连阴或者连续多云寡照天气时,番茄就会出现灰霉病。番茄灰霉病不仅会导致番茄果实腐烂落果,造成减产甚至绝产,还会影响番茄品质。结合病虫害防治调查及农业气象试验,提出了选用抗病毒品种、改善设施内气象条件等减少番茄灰霉病发生的生态防控措施。  相似文献   

采用组合增强的YOLOX-ViT协同识别温室内番茄花果     

吕志远  张付杰  魏晓明  黄媛  李晶晶  张钟莉莉 《农业工程学报》2023,39(4):124-134

番茄花果的协同识别是温室生产管理调控的重要决策依据,针对温室番茄栽培密度大,植株遮挡、重叠等因素导致的现有识别算法精度不足问题,该研究提出一种基于级联深度学习的番茄花果协同识别方法,引入图像组合增强与前端ViT分类网络,以提高模型对于小目标与密集图像检测性能。同时,通过先分类识别、再进行目标检测的级联网络,解决了传统检测模型因为图像压缩而导致的小目标模糊、有效信息丢失问题。最后,引入了包括大果和串果在内的不同类型番茄品种数据集,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。经测试,研究提出的目标检测模型的平均识别率均值（mean average precision,m AP）为92.30%,检测速度为28.46帧/s,其中对小花、成熟番茄和未成熟番茄识别平均准确率分别为87.92%、92.35%和96.62%。通过消融试验表明,与YOLOX、组合增强YOLOX相比,改进后的模型m AP提高了2.38～6.11个百分点,相比于现有YOLOV3、YOLOV4、YOLOV5主流检测模型,m AP提高了16.56～23.30个百分点。可视化结果表明,改进模型实现了对小目标的零漏检和对密集对象的无误检,从而达到...  相似文献   

基于灰度关联-岭回归的荒漠土壤有机质含量高光谱估算   总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6  

王海峰  张智韬  Arnon Karnieli  陈俊英  韩文霆 《农业工程学报》2018,34(14):124-131

为改善高光谱技术对荒漠土壤有机质的估测效果,该文采集了以色列Seder Boker地区的荒漠土壤,经预处理、理化分析后将土样分为砂质土和黏壤土2类,再通过光谱采集、处理得到6种光谱指标:反射率(reflectivity,REF)、倒数之对数变换(inverse-log reflectance,LR)、去包络线处理(continuum removal,CR)、标准正态变量变换(standard normal variable reflectance,SNV)、一阶微分变换(first order differential reflectance,FDR)和二阶微分变换(second order differential reflectance,SDR)。通过灰度关联(gray correlation,GC)法确定SNV、FDR、SDR为敏感光谱指标,采用偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)法和岭回归(ridge regression,RR)法,构建基于敏感光谱指标的土壤有机质高光谱反演模型,并对模型精度进行比较。结果表明:砂质土有机质含量的反演效果要优于黏壤土;基于SNV指标建立的模型决定系数R~2和相对分析误差RPD均为最高、均方根误差RMSE最低,所以SNV是土壤有机质的最佳光谱反演指标;对SNV-PLSR模型和SNV-RR模型综合比较得出,SNV-RR模型仅用全谱4%左右的波段建模,实现了更为理想的反演效果:其中,对砂质土有机质的预测能力极强(R_p~2为0.866,RMSE为0.610 g/kg、RPD为2.72),对黏壤土有机质的预测能力很好(Rp2为0.863,RMSE为0.898 g/kg、RPD为2.37)。荒漠土壤有机质GC-SNV-RR反演模型的建立为高光谱模型的优化、土壤有机质的快速测定提供了一种新的途径。  相似文献   

Threshold of Soil Olsen-P in Greenhouses for Tomatoes and Cucumbers     

《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2383-2402

Phosphorus (P) accumulation is a common phenomenon in greenhouse soil for vegetables. Excessive P accumulation in soil usually decreases the yield and quality of vegetables as well as potentially polluting water environments. Ninety-eight tomato and 48 cucumber greenhouses were investigated in the eight main vegetable production areas of Hebei Province, China. Soil Olsen-P, the electrical conductivity (EC), the pH value, the organic matter of the soil, and the cropping years of these greenhouses were investigated and analyzed in order to better understand the status of soil P accumulation and positively find effective ways to solve the excessive phosphate accumulation problem. The investigation showed that the ratio was above 70% for all of the greenhouses where the soil Olsen-P exceeded 90 mg·kg^?1 (upper bound of soil Olsen-P optimum value in greenhouse) in the 0–20 cm surface soil in the investigated greenhouses. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil Olsen-P content and the soil EC, between the soil Olsen-P and the cropping years, and the Olsen-P had a significant negative correlation with the soil pH value. It is concluded that supplying phosphate fertilizer excessively induced the soil EC to ascend and the pH value to descend, which increases the possibility of the soil secondary salinization and soil degeneration. The significant positive correlation between the soil organic content and the soil Olsen-P contents suggests that supplying organic fertilizer might mobilize soil residual phosphate. This also provides a good way to solve the problem of soil P accumulation. In order to further explore the threshold content of soil Olsen-P demanded by tomato and cucumber under the high soil Olsen-P condition, two tomato greenhouses (T1, T2) in Dingzhou and two cucumber greenhouses (C1, C2) in Wuqiang were researched. All of the greenhouses had ranges of soil Olsen-P content that were between 150 and 300 mg·kg^?1, which far exceeded the 90 mg·kg^?1 ideal. The P fertilizer application rates showed positive correlations with the soil Olsen-P contents and EC values in cucumber and tomato greenhouses in the current season. Analyzing T1 and T2 results showed that tomato was sensitive to the high soil Olsen-P contents ranging from 230.64 to 729.42 mg kg^?1 at the seedling stage (15 days after transplanting; DAT) and from 199.41 to 531.42 mg kg^?1 at the fruiting stage (90 DAT), because the yields correlated negatively with soil Olsen-P contents at each growth stage. It is suggested that the maximum soil Olsen-P threshold content for tomato should be lower than 230 mg·kg^?1 at the seedling stage and lower than 199 mg·kg^?1 at the fruiting stage. But cucumber yield did not change significantly as soil Olsen-P content rose from 248.75 to 927.62 mg kg^?1, 212.40 to 554.07 mg kg^?1, 184.48 to 455.90 mg kg^?1, and 128.42 to 400.96 mg kg^?1 at the seedling stage (15 DAT), early fruiting stage (50 DAT), middle fruiting stage (140 DAT), and late fruiting stage (235 DAT), respectively, suggesting that the maximal soil Olsen-P threshold content was lower than 249, 212, 185, and 128 mg·kg^?1 at each growth stage, respectively. The relationship between fruit qualities and soil Olsen-P contents at each growth stage was not evident. Activities of soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased as soil Olsen-P supply was raised in T1, T2, and C1 at the seedling stage. It is concluded that in an excess soil Olsen-P condition tomato yield decreases strongly as soil ALP activity decreases, whereas ALP activity has little direct effect on cucumber yield.  相似文献   

相变蓄热砌块墙体在日光温室中的应用效果   总被引：8，自引：18，他引：8  

王宏丽  李晓野  邹志荣 《农业工程学报》2011,27(5):253-257

日光温室墙体的保温蓄热性能直接影响温室内气温和作物的生长。该文选用石蜡与硬脂酸正丁酯按质量比为5∶5制成复合相变材料,以稻壳为载体采用自然吸附法进行吸附得到相变骨料。相变骨料与建筑材料混合制成相变蓄热砌块,并以其为墙体建造相变蓄热温室。采用差示扫描量热法测试复合相变材料和稻壳骨料DSC（热流-温度）曲线,相变温区为15～45℃;复合相变材料的熔解潜热为116.2 kJ/kg,凝固潜热为118.5 kJ/kg,相变稻壳的凝固潜热值为70.63 kJ/kg,熔解潜热值为58.14 kJ/kg。用多点温度计测量相变温室和普通温室室内外气温和墙体内外表面温度,相变温室室内气温波动幅度比对照温室小4.1℃,最低气温比对照高1.7℃,而最高气温则比对照低2.4℃。通过在温室内栽培金鹏一号番茄试验,表明相变温室中番茄的生长状况明显优于普通温室。因此,该文采用的相变蓄热砌块墙体建成的日光温室比普通温室具有更好的蓄热保温性能,更有利于冬季作物生长。  相似文献