植物检疫中联防联控工作机制探讨     

潘俊鹏  代培红  曾繁明  陈春梅  王培  方勇  陈洪冰 《植物检疫》2016,(1):85-88

本文概述了马铃薯甲虫和扶桑绵粉蚧在新疆的发生和阻截情况,分析了新疆封锁阻截马铃薯甲虫、扶桑绵粉蚧所采取联防联控的各项具体措施,强调实施联防联控要应"疫情"制宜,联防联控还需联合科研攻关,并提出了植物检疫中联防联控的内涵、作用和意义。  相似文献   

3种绿化藤本植物降温增湿效应的研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

韩庆典  谢宝东 《中国农学通报》2014,30(31):224-228

为研究常见藤本植物对环境降温增湿效应,选择山东省3种常见的城市绿化藤本植物扶芳藤(Euonymus fortunei)、金银花(Lonicera japonica)、爬山虎(Parthenocissus tricuspidata),测定其光合速率及蒸腾强度,估算其固碳量、释氧量和降温增湿量,并量化评价3种藤本植物的降温增湿效应。结果表明：扶芳藤的固碳量、释氧量比金银花、爬山虎大,分别为7.32、5.32 g/(m²·d);金银花、爬山虎固碳量分别为6.87、5.43 g/(m²·d),释氧量分别为4.99、3.95 g/(m²·d)。3种植物的降温增湿作用最明显的是金银花,其次是扶芳藤,爬山虎最低。  相似文献   

The effect of grape vine cultivars on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lobesia botrana</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) population levels     

Rakefet Sharon  Tirtza Zahavi  Victoria Soroker  Ally R. Harari 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(2):187-193

The European vine moth Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiff. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a key pest in the vineyards of Israel and Europe. Traps baited with the female sex pheromone are commonly used to monitor the pest population. However, the role of the vine cultivars on monitoring the moth population using pheromone-baited traps was not yet studied. The present study aimed to identify the effect of grape cultivars on L. botrana adult distribution patterns in the field, in order to achieve a better understanding of the monitored data in respect to male and female’s host preference. The 3-year study in commercial vineyards used four cultivars: Carignan, Emerald Riesling, French Colombard, and Cabernet Sauvignon. The moth population of each generation was estimated from male counts in pheromone traps; three generations were observed in all experimental orchards, each year. Female host choice was studied by monitoring freshly deposited eggs and newly hatched larvae on vines. The study showed a significant effect of cultivar on numbers of trapped males in most years, and a cultivar effect on female host choice. For both males and females and for all phenological stages of the grapes, Carignan and French Colombard attracted the most and Cabernet Sauvignon the fewest specimens. The results show that cultivar blend within the vineyard can affect the distribution pattern of the pest. Knowledge of the expected choice of the female moth, and of the timing of its decision could lead to an improved monitoring system, with the preferred cultivar as an indicator.  相似文献   

山东省攀援植物属的地理成分分析     

李彦连 《福建林业科技》2008,35(1):107-111

通过野外采集及标本的整理鉴定,初步确认该区共有攀援植物24科52属109种(包括种下等级),其中双子叶植物22科49属102种,单子叶植物2科3属7种。根据对山东省攀援植物属的地理成分分析的结果,指出本区攀援植物区系具有以下特征:①种类组成丰富,地理成分复杂;②区系中热带性地理成分和温带性地理成分相当;③相对于整个种子植物区系来说,攀援植物区系具有更强的热带性亲缘。  相似文献   

不同修剪方法对猕猴桃新蔓发育和产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

金方伦 《贵州农业科学》2008,36(5)

采用不同修剪方法对猕猴桃新蔓发育和产量的影响进行了研究.结果表明:通过合理冬季修剪能够显著提高成蔓率、开花量、结果量、坐果率、单株产量和平均单果重,其中,以剪留春蔓段1/4处理的效果最好,其次是剪留春蔓段1/5处理的效果,最差是剪留春蔓段1/3处理的效果;通过合理夏季修剪能够显著提高开花蔓数量、开花量、结果量、坐果率、单果重、含糖量和小区产量,其中,以留5～6片叶处理的效果最好,其次是留7～8片叶的处理和留3～4片叶的处理,而效果最差的是留9～10片叶的处理.  相似文献   

Ensiling vine tea (Ampelopsisgrossedentata) residue with Lactobacillusplantaruminoculant as an animal unconventional fodder          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yuan  ZHOU Hong-zhang  GAO Yu  WANG Ning-wei  LIU Han  YANG Fu-yu  NI Kui-kui 《农业科学学报》2023,22(4):1172-1183

The study aimed to evaluate the application of silage fermentation in storing vine tea residue.  Dynamic of fermentation-related product, chemical component and bacterial community of silage with or without Lactobacillus plantarum F1 inoculant were analyzed.  The results showed that F1 treatment had a significant (P<0.05) impact on the lactic acid and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations and pH value.  Total phenols were well preserved in both treatments.  After 30 days of ensiling, L. plantarum occupied the majority of Lactobacillus genus (more than 95%) in all silage samples.  Spearman revealed a positive (P<0.01) correlation between lactic acid content and Lactobacillus.  Overall, ensiling vine tea residue with L. plantarum can effectively preserve the nutritional attributes and total phenols, which offers a new insight into utilizing vine tea residue.  相似文献   

Type and quantity of organic amendments determine the amount of carbon stabilized in particle-size fractions of a semiarid degraded soil     

César Nicolás  Teresa Hernández  Carlos García 《Arid Land Research and Management》2017,31(1):14-28

A 9-month lab experiment was carried out with three different amendments (vine pruning wastes, PW; composted vine pruning wastes, cPW; and sewage sludge, SS) added at three different rates (90, 180, and 240 t ha^?1, dry weight) in order to test whether the type or the quantity of the amendments applied to a semiarid, degraded soil determined the C_org accumulation in its particle-size fractions (coarse sand, 200–2,000 µm; fine sand, 63–200 µm; silt, 2–63 µm; and clay, 0.1–2 µm). All amendments, independently of their C/N ratios, resulted in similar C_org content and accumulation in coarse sand and silt-sized fractions after 9 months. In the clay-sized fraction, enrichment in C_org produced the incorporation of particles from this particle-size fraction into the silt-sized fraction. Likewise, increasing the application rates of the amendments led to larger C_org contents into the particle-size fractions of all amended soils except for the clay-sized fraction. The application of SS resulted in lower basal respiration-to-C_org ratios in the clay-sized fraction than the application of PW and cPW, suggesting a higher protection of the C_org in the SS treatment. These results indicate that organic amendments from woody plants with C/N ratios higher than 30, such as PW, favor C_org accumulation in the fine sand-sized fractions. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the application rate of such amendments, rather than the C/N ratios and amendment origin (from sludge or woody plants), is the key factor for promoting C_org accumulation in the silt-sized fractions of semiarid degraded soils.  相似文献   

短蔓型甘薯品种‘赣薯2号’茎蔓穴盘育苗技术研究     

刘小三  叶川  肖小军  李涵  李亚贞  郑伟  吕伟生  黄天宝  肖富良  吴艳  肖国滨 《中国农学通报》2018,34(20):34-39

研究不同茎蔓节段育苗的效果,探索优质、高效的甘薯育苗新方法,为甘薯种苗快速繁育提供科学依据。以短蔓型‘赣薯2号’茎蔓为试验材料,设置单节、双节和顶芽带三节3个苗段,分别通过红壤土、腐叶土和塘泥3种土壤基质进行穴盘育苗,观察各处理育苗方式下薯苗生长、发苗天数等相关性状,并考察其叶数、苗长、根数及根长情况。结果表明,以双节苗段+腐叶土处理的茎蔓发苗时间最快（3d）,成活率最高(86.6%),发根数最多（9.2根）,根长最长(5.9 cm)。因此,采用甘薯茎蔓双节苗段+腐叶土穴盘育苗具有发苗时间短、成活率高、成本低等特点,短期内（20d）可达成苗标准,提高了甘薯扩繁系数和育苗速度,值得推广应用。  相似文献   

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) Based Genetic Diversity Studies in Betel Vine (Piper betle L.)     

Shalini Goyat  K. Hima Bindu  Devendra Singh  R.S. Katiyar  S.K. Tewari 《East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal》2017,82(2-4):118-129

Betel vine has been identified as an important cash crop in India. It is a vegetatively propagated plant and more than 100 landraces (cultivars) are cultivated in India. They are often named after the localities where they are grown. To assess the molecular genetic diversity among 10 betel vine cultivars, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used. Five AFLP primer combinations produced 323 bands of which 155 were polymorphic, leading to a 47.99% polymorphism. Average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.14 over all primer combinations. Genetic similarity was calculated from the Jaccard's similarity coefficient (r) value for all accessions which varied from 0.39 to 0.81, with an average of 0.60 implying a medium level of genetic variation between investigated cultivars. Cluster analysis divided the cultivars into two main clusters where M2 and M3 were closely related but F3 was separate from all others. The cluster analysis based on AFLP data indicated that cultivars were not grouped according to their geographic place of collection but rather by genetic relatedness. The principle coordinate analysis (PCA) of the markers was linked to the dendrograms generated by employing UPGMA.  相似文献   

Adding sweet potato vines improve the quality of rice straw silage          下载免费PDF全文

Ping Li  Shuren Ji  Qian Wang  Mengzhen Qin  Chen Hou  Yixin Shen 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):625-632

Rice straw and sweet potato vines are the main by‐products of agricultural crops, and their disposal creates problems for the environment in the south of China. In order to establish an easy method for making rice straw silage successfully, experiments were conduct to evaluate fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice straw silages ensiled with or without sweet potato vine. Paddy rice straw (PR) and upland rice straw (UP) were ensiled alone or with sweet potato vines (SP) by a ratio of 1:1 (fresh matter basis), over 3 years. Compared with rice straw silages ensiled alone, the mixed‐material silages (PR + SP, UR + SP) showed higher fermentation quality with lower propionic acid content and NH₃‐N ratio of total N, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, resulting in decrease (P < 0.05) of dry matter loss and higher (P < 0.05) in vitro ruminal dry matter digestion. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were considered, ensiling would be an effective way of utilization of rice straw and sweet potato vines in the regions where rice and sweet potato are harvested at same season, and the sweet potato vines have the potential to improve rice straw fermentation quality with low water soluble carbohydrate content in south of China.  相似文献