从葛根渣中酶法制备膳食纤维   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

钟海雁  韩军  苏勇  李忠海 《作物学报》2005,31(12):1606-1610

以采自湖南省临湘市、张家界市的家葛和野葛为材料,对葛渣中的膳食纤维的酶法制备工艺进行了试验研究。通过单因素试验、正交试验和极差分析,得出了最佳工艺参数。结果表明,在混合酶(α-淀粉酶与糖化酶质量之比为1∶2)用量0.2%、70℃处理80 min,蛋白酶用量0.4%、50℃处理60 min时,膳食纤维得率较高,张家界家葛、岳阳野葛、张家界野葛和岳阳家葛膳食纤维中的酸性洗涤纤维含量分别达78.69% \78。74% 、76.34% 和73.11%。因此,该酶法工艺为葛根膳食纤维的制备提供了依据。  相似文献   

易降解有机质含量对黄瓜秧堆肥腐熟和氮损失的影响   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

常瑞雪  王骞  甘晶晶  李彦明 《农业工程学报》2017,33(1):231-237

蔬菜废弃物无害化处理,尤其对于集约化蔬菜产地,缺乏适用技术,易污染环境,浪费资源,甚至造成后续安全隐患。为实现蔬菜废弃物的安全高效转化,该试验以黄瓜秧为堆肥主原料,以玉米秸秆、淀粉和尿素为调理剂,在控制混合堆肥物料初始碳氮比为25,物料水分质量分数为60%,总物料质量相同的条件下,分析易降解有机质(除木质纤维素之外的有机质)比例对堆肥腐熟进程和氮素损失的影响。试验设置添加易降解有机质的质量分数分别为27%(T1)、36%(T2)、45%(T3)、51%(T4)4个处理,利用自制密闭式堆肥反应器研究了随堆肥进行,不同处理温度、物料损失、有机质降解和二氧化碳释放、p H值、电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)、发芽率指数(germination index,GI)的变化情况,并同时分析了氨气挥发速率、累积排放量和氮素损失率等。研究结果显示:随着初始混合物料中易降解有机质的增加,堆体的最高温度呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,但根据物料的p H值、EC和GI值判断,易降解有机质比例过高会影响堆肥的腐熟过程,其比例不宜超过45%,其中T3的最高温度最高,高达71.4℃,且有机质减少量和CO2累积排放量最高,表明T3最利于堆肥的起爆反应和无害化目标的实现;然而,易降解有机质的增加会伴随氮素损失,尤其是氨气挥发损失量的增加,其中T3氨气损失累积量最大(380.29 mg),T4的氮素损失率最高(36.01%),即物料中的木质纤维素有利于减少氮素的损失。综上,物料中易降解有机质质量分数为45%最利于堆肥的高温实现,同时对腐熟的影响较小,但氮素损失率高,因此实际生产中可额外添加木质纤维素类膨胀剂,改良物料的物理结构和理化特点,从而在实现高温的基础上减少氮素的损失。  相似文献   

Economic impact of classical biological control of papaya mealybug in India     

《Crop Protection》2014

Farmers in Tamil Nadu, India began to report that a new pest was affecting papaya (Carica papaya L.) in 2006. Numerous applications of insecticide were made, but papaya losses were severe and the pest spread to several other crops. The pest was identified in 2008 as the papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), and a classical biological control program was initiated. Three parasitoids, Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff, Pseudleptomastix mexicana Noyes and Schauff, and Anagyrus loecki Noyes and Menezes (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), were imported from Puerto Rico in July 2010, and A. papayae was multiplied and released. Excellent control of the papaya mealybug was obtained within five months, pesticide usage was reduced, and production and income were increased. The purpose of this article is to quantify the economic benefits of this classical biological control program. The annual economic benefits for the five most important crops affected by the biocontrol program range from $121 million to $309 million, and the net present value of benefits over five years total $524 million to $1.34 billion. Implications are drawn for biological control programs in other countries.  相似文献   

新型冬季葡萄越冬埋藤机的设计与试验     

李涛  康璟  孙伟  赵武云  王蒂  张俊莲  康天兰  吴建民 《干旱地区农业研究》2013,31(4):249-256

为解决现有多数葡萄埋藤机埋土量少和埋藤质量差等问题,研制了一种新型冬季葡萄越冬埋藤机。对该机的关键部件：掘土部件,输土机构和减速、换向装置进行了设计研究,并采用正交试验方法进行了田间试验,以掘土铲的长度、纵向输送带的线速度与横向输送带的线速度为因素,以覆土厚度、覆土宽度和抛土距离为指标。在利用试验结果的基础上做出了方差分析,得出影响葡萄埋藤机工作性能的因素主次,进一步优化了组合部件参数。试验结果表明掘土铲的长度为40 cm、纵向输送带的线速度为1.4 m·s^-1、横向输送带的线速度为1.65 m·s^-1时,葡萄埋藤机的埋藤效果良好,能够满足葡萄越冬埋藤的农艺要求。  相似文献   

Resistance in the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Pakistan to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides     

《Crop Protection》2014

The mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis is a destructive pest of cotton with the potential to develop resistance to most chemical classes of insecticides. Six populations of P. solenopsis from cotton crops at six different locations in Pakistan were evaluated for resistance to selected organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides. Resistance ratios (RRs) at LC₅₀ were in the range of 2.7–13.3 fold for chlorpyrifos, 11.6–30.2 fold for profenofos and for the three pyrethroids tested were 10.6–46.4 for bifenthrin, 5.8–25.2 for deltamethrin and 4.1–25.0 for lambda-cyhalothrin. This is the first report of resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides in Pakistani populations of P. solenopsis. Regular insecticide resistance monitoring programs are needed to prevent field control failures. Moreover, integrated approaches including the judicious use of insecticides and rotation of insecticides with different modes of action are needed to delay the development of insecticide resistance in P. solenopsis.  相似文献   

林下套种饲草红薯藤及压块加工的营养价值研究     

陈丽莉  冯燕  罗迎社  张党权 《湖南林业科技》2014,41(6):52-56

红薯是我国重要的粮食和饲料作物。采用饲用牧草与小乔木的套种技术,在油茶林下种植红薯藤,刈割后晾晒烘干至含水率为15%后进行干草压块打包贮藏,对压块贮藏前后的红薯藤进行营养物质含量分析比较。压块处理前后红薯藤水分及挥发物、干物质、粗灰分、钙、磷、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维、无氮浸出物、总可消化营养成分等10种营养物质的含量分别为1.58、0.95、0.97、0.84、0.77、0.95、0.91、0.98、1.03、1.00。同时测定了红薯藤加工贮藏过程中连续样品中的霉菌及黄曲霉毒素B1的质量浓度,加工前、压缩后及贮藏半年后霉菌的质量浓度分别为800、1 000、1 600 cfu/g,加工前、压缩后及贮藏半年后黄曲霉毒素B1质量浓度则分别为2.0、3.5、4.9μg/kg。分析结果表明,林下种植的红薯藤营养物质含量与传统种植的红薯藤营养物质含量没有显著差别,且压块加工产品经6个月贮藏后,红薯藤的霉菌及黄曲霉毒素B1的质量浓度较低,达到国家饲料标准要求,为林下饲用植物压制加工与压块储藏提供了技术基础。  相似文献   

甩刀式马铃薯杀秧机的设计与试验     

冯斌  孙伟  王蒂  张俊莲  张华  石林榕  吴建民 《上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)》2014,(4):269-274

针对马铃薯收获机在收获时薯秧缠绕,影响机械化作业的问题,设计了甩刀式马铃薯杀秧机。对关键部件甩刀的形状、数量、排列和运动进行了理论分析,确定了其结构及主要参数,对样机进行了田间试验。以甩刀的转速、机具前进速度及刀片类型为因素,以茎秧漏打率和功耗为试验指标进行了正交试验,田间试验表明,甩刀式马铃薯杀秧机的最佳工作参数为：甩刀转速1 700 r·min^-1、甩刀刀片类型Y型、机具前进速度3.8 km·h^-1 。该机工作性能稳定,茎秧漏打率为1%,达到了技术规范设计要求和生产农艺要求。  相似文献   

长豇豆不同架式栽培试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗俊敏  杜一新  陈海丽 《福建农业科技》2012,(2):18-19

长豇豆属豆科蔓生作物,在栽培上需要支架引蔓上架栽培,以传统的人字架为对照,进行了一字架、×形架、井叉架等不同架式的栽培试验,结果表明:一字架、×形架有利于通风透光,可较井叉架增产3%以上,增产达显著水平;较人字架增产15%以上,增产达极显著水平。  相似文献   

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. versus Sulfasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a well-designed clinical trial of a botanical demonstrating effectiveness     

Marks WH 《Fitoterapia》2011,82(1):85-87

Claims that Traditional/Alternative medicine (TM/AM) remedies are effective are routinely ignored by Western Medicine. However, the results of a clinical trial that demonstrated the clinical efficacy of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TW), a TM used as an anti-inflammatory, were recently published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Why this article was published in a peer reviewed Allopathic medical journal is an important question that begs examination and may lay the future promise of TM/AM therapeutic interventions.  相似文献   

香荚兰茎蔓走向对开花量影响的调查     

何美云 《热带农业科技》1997,(3)

西双版纳５个人工荫棚行架式种植的香荚兰园的调查表明，香荚兰茎蔓走向对开花量有明显影响，逆向延伸茎蔓上长成的花序，占调查花序总量的７４．８３％—９１．３５％。可以认为造成大量逆向蔓的园艺技术是香荚兰早产、稳产的重要措施。  相似文献