不同剂型苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯及其原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张国福  李本杰  王金花  夏晓明 《农业环境科学学报》2014,33(11):2125-2130

为评价不同剂型农药对水生生物的毒性影响,采用半静态试验法,测定了不同剂型苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯及其原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性效应。结果表明,95%苯醚甲环唑原药、3%苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂、400 g·L-1苯醚甲环唑悬浮剂和60%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对斑马鱼96 h的LC50值与95%置信限(括号内)分别为1.05(0.93~1.13)、1.34(1.26~1.39)、1.44(1.37~1.52)、2.72(2.68~2.76)a.i.mg·L-1;93%嘧菌酯原药、10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂和50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂对斑马鱼96 h的LC50值与95%置信限(括号内)分别为0.67(0.64~0.72)、0.88(0.85~0.92)、1.03(0.98~1.07)、1.60(1.10~1.81)a.i.mg·L-1。依据《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,不同剂型苯醚甲环唑及原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性级别均为中毒;25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂和50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性级别为中毒;93%嘧菌酯原药和10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂对斑马鱼的急性毒性级别为高毒。上述结果表明,不同剂型苯醚甲环唑和嘧菌酯及其原药对斑马鱼的急性毒性存在差异,毒性从高到低依次为:原药、悬浮种衣剂、悬浮剂、水分散粒剂。  相似文献   

Stress-induced apoptosis by heat shock, UV and γ-ray irradiation in zebrafish embryos detected by increased caspase activity and whole-mount TUNEL staining     

Takeshi Yabu  Setsuko Todoriki  Michiaki Yamashita 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):333-340

SUMMARY: Environmental stress-induced apoptosis in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos was characterized by assaying caspase-3-like activity and whole-mount terminal deoxynucleotidyl nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Severe stress conditions, such as heat shock at 39°C for 1 h, ultraviolet light at 10–100 mJ/cm² and γ-ray irradiation at 5–20 Gy induced extensive apoptosis in embryos. Apoptotic cells were observed after the bud and 1-somite stages in normal embryos by TUNEL staining, and after stress treatment many TUNEL-positive cells were found in the enveloping and deep cell layers and the larval fin. The caspase-3-like activity increased severalfold during stress-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that apoptotic pathways, mediated by caspase-3-like activity, play a major role in zebrafish embryogenesis under stress conditions.  相似文献   

BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎氧化应激与DNA损伤的毒性研究     

赵雪松  任新  杨春维  尤宏  任百祥 《农业环境科学学报》2015,34(12):2280-2286

以斑马鱼胚胎为受试对象,研究了2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对胚胎的氧化应激及DNA损伤。通过对不同浓度BDE-47(1、5、10、50μg·L~(-1))暴露5 d后胚胎/幼鱼体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GSH)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)含量变化的分析以及Sod1、Ucp-2、Gstp2及Nqo1基因相对量表达的测定,考查BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎/幼鱼的氧化应激效应;通过单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)对尾矩值的分析,探讨BDE-47对斑马鱼胚胎/幼鱼的DNA损伤。结果显示,BDE-47能够显著诱导ROS与MDA的产生,并呈现浓度效应依赖关系;50μg·L~(-1)BDE-47能够显著增加SOD与CAT的活性,降低GSH的浓度。BDE-47暴露后50μg·L~(-1)暴露组基因Ucp-2的表达显著上调4.12倍(p0.01),Gstp2与Nqo1表达分别显著下调至对照组的0.62倍与0.55倍(p0.01),而基因Sod1相对表达量没有显著变化。同时,5、10、50μg·L~(-1)暴露组胚胎/幼鱼尾矩值显著增加并伴随着ROS的浓度升高。结果表明,BDE-47能够诱导斑马鱼胚胎/幼鱼产生氧化应激,ROS是诱发胚胎发生DNA损伤的导火索。  相似文献   

腐植酸影响扑草净对斑马鱼的急性毒性研究     

赵倩  王灿灿  袁旭姣  朱琳 《农业环境科学学报》2015,34(4):653-659

腐植酸(HA)是水环境中一类重要的溶解性有机质,它能影响有机污染物对生物的急性毒性。以除草剂扑草净(Prometryn)作为目标污染物,模式生物斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为受试生物,研究了扑草净对斑马鱼的96 h急性毒性以及HA存在下其对斑马鱼的毒性变化情况。结果显示,扑草净对斑马鱼的96 h半致死浓度(96 h LC50)为7.448 mg·L-1,95%置信区间为(7.032~7.971)mg·L-1。5 mg·L-1的HA对扑草净的毒性没有显著影响,但当扑草净浓度为8.5 mg·L-1时,15 mg·L-1的HA增加了其对斑马鱼的96 h累积死亡率,较同样扑草净浓度下无HA组高出40%。研究表明在较高扑草净浓度下,15 mg·L-1HA能增加其对斑马鱼的急性毒性,这可能是由于较高浓度(大于LC50值)的扑草净与HA共存时,减少污染物毒性的络合机制被其他能够引起毒性增加的机制所掩盖。  相似文献   

Acute toxicity to zebrafish of two organophosphates and four pyrethroids and their binary mixtures     

Zhi‐Yong Zhang  Xiang‐Yang Yu  Dong‐Lan Wang  Hai‐Juan Yan  Xian‐Jin Liu 《Pest management science》2010,66(1):84-89

BACKGROUND: Environmental pollutants, including metals, pesticides and other organics, pose serious risks to many aquatic organisms. The acute toxicities to zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton & Buchanan) were determined for two organophosphorus insecticides, four pyrethroid insecticides and 50:50 binary mixtures. RESULTS: At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after treatment, LC₅₀ of permethrin, tetramethrin, bifenthrin, etofenprox, dichlorvos and phoxim to zebrafish were 0.0052–0.0025, 0.0782–0.0460, 0.0065–0.0032, 0.0969–0.0791, 51.3–13.0 and 1.28–0.469 mg L^?1 respectively. LC₅₀ of permethrin + dichlorvos, permethrin + phoxim, tetramethrin + dichlorvos, tetramethrin + phoxim, bifenthrin + dichlorvos, bifenthrin + phoxim, etofenprox + dichlorvos and etofenprox + phoxim were 0.0082–0.0046, 0.0078–0.0042, 0.264–0.124, 0.141–0.121, 0.0251–0.0154, 0.0154–0.0087, 0.396–0.217 and 0.213–0.0391 mg L^?1. CONCLUSION: Toxicity levels of all pyrethroid insecticides to the zebrafish were high or very high. The organophosphate dichlorvos showed low toxicity, but phoxim showed high or intermediate toxicities to zebrafish, and the toxicities of binary mixtures of permethrin and dichlorvos or phoxim, bifenthrin and dichlorvos or phoxim and etofenprox and phoxim (48, 72 and 96 h exposure) were very high. The toxicities of binary mixtures of tetramethrin and dichlorvos or phoxim, etofenprox and dichlorvos and etofenprox and phoxim (24 h exposure) were high. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Skin immune response in the zebrafish,Danio rerio (Hamilton), to Aeromonas hydrophila infection: a transcriptional profiling approach          下载免费PDF全文

A-J Lü  X-C Hu  Y Wang  A-H Zhu  L-L Shen  J Tian  Z-Z Feng  Z-J Feng 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(2):137-150

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斑马鱼BLT1-like基因的克隆和表达分析     

唐宇飞  刘晓红  常馨月  吴海珍  张元兴 《水产学报》2015,39(12):1753-1762

利用RACE技术克隆得到了斑马鱼(Danio rerio)白三烯B4受体样(BLT1-like)基因BLT1-like1和BLT1-like2的全长cDNA序列,其分别编码339和356个氨基酸。序列和结构分析发现,其编码的两个蛋白均属于G蛋白偶联受体家族视紫红质蛋白亚族,并具有典型的G蛋白偶联受体的特征,与人的BLT1同源度达31%以上。进一步将两基因与绿色荧光蛋白融合表达,发现其具有较好的细胞膜定位功能;Western印迹检测也证实,重组表达细胞的全细胞蛋白可与人源BLT1的多克隆抗体发生特异性相互作用。此外,荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,在斑马鱼幼鱼发育过程中,BLT1-like1基因在胚胎发育12 h显著上调,mRNA表达量上升至1 h的18倍,而BLT1-like2基因在胚胎发育24 h发生显著上调,表达量上升至1 h的34倍;而在斑马鱼成鱼中两个基因在心脏和肝脏中表达量相对较高,而肠、皮和眼睛中表达量相对较低。本研究的结果说明斑马鱼中可能存在多个BLT1基因,并为鱼类BLT1基因的克隆和功能鉴定提供基础。  相似文献   

Molecular Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Novel Sulfated Galactofucan from Saccharina japonica     

Xiaodan Chen  Liying Ni  Xiaoting Fu  Lei Wang  Delin Duan  Luqiang Huang  Jiachao Xu  Xin Gao 《Marine drugs》2021,19(8)

Seaweed of Saccharina japonica is the most abundantly cultured brown seaweed in the world, and has been consumed in the food industry due to its nutrition and the unique properties of its polysaccharides. In this study, fucoidan (LJNF3), purified from S. japonica, was found to be a novel sulfated galactofucan, with the monosaccharide of only fucose and galactose in a ratio of 79.22:20.78, and with an 11.36% content of sulfate groups. NMR spectroscopy showed that LJNF3 consists of (1→3)-α-l-fucopyranosyl-4-SO₃ residues and (1→6)-β-d-galactopyranose units. The molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 demonstrated that LJNF3 reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), and down-regulated the expression of MAPK (including p38, ENK and JNK) and NF-κB (including p65 and IKKα/IKKβ) signaling pathways. In a zebrafish experiment assay, LJNF3 showed a significantly protective effect, by reducing the cell death rate, inhibiting NO to 59.43%, and decreasing about 40% of reactive oxygen species. This study indicated that LJNF3, which only consisted of fucose and galactose, had the potential to be developed in the biomedical, food and cosmetic industries.  相似文献   

南极鱼Ⅲ型抗冻基因真核表达质粒的构建及其细胞表达     

杨敏  黄巧  陈良标 《浙江农业学报》2016,28(11):1862

为了探讨多聚AFPⅢ的作用机制,从南极鱼Lycodichthys dearborni的多聚三型抗冻蛋白基因LD12 cDNA中克隆得到AFPⅢ的四聚体,命名为LD4,并构建真核表达质粒Tol2-actin-LD4-2A-EGFP。将表达质粒转染到斑马鱼细胞系ZF4中,发现LD4可以在ZF4中大量表达并且能够减少斑马鱼细胞在低温胁迫下的死亡率。通过对不同处理温度(28、18、10 ℃)下的WT、EGFP和LD4细胞进行转录组测序分析,找出26个表达差异转录因子,其中I3MB13、ZNF687b等表达上调,JUN、Cremb等表达下调,并且通过荧光定量PCR的验证。通过KEGG pathway分析发现,这些差异性基因主要参与细胞凋亡、细胞周期、增殖等调节通路。采用 Annexin V-PE/7-AAD双染色法对3种不同温度下的WT、EGFP和LD4细胞进行细胞凋亡检测,结果显示,LD4在低温下与对照组相比凋亡率没有显著差异,说明LD4可能是通过其他通路而不是通过抑制细胞凋亡来抵御低温胁迫,这为LD4作用机制的进一步研究提供了理论基础。  相似文献   

两种LD₅₀计算方法对副溶血性弧菌毒力的比较研究     

董雪红  田敏  季策  马文元  张庆华 《上海海洋大学学报》2016,25(1):86-96

副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Vp)是目前备受关注的人畜共患病的病原。为了比较7株不同来源的Vp对斑马鱼的毒力大小及致病能力,采用急性毒性试验测定96 h内Vp对斑马鱼的半数致死剂量(median lethal dosage,LD_(50)),用累积法和Bliss法对比分析LD_(50)指标。结果显示:Vp KNH1无致病性。其他菌株感染后,均表现出腹部出血,腹腔有腹水,内脏出血等症状。用累积法和Bliss法分析人类致病菌株ATCC17802、ATCC33847及水生动物致病菌株Vp13、Vp31、Vp41、Vp57共6株不同来源的副溶血性弧菌的LD_(50),累积法计算得到的LD_(50)分别为6.0×107、7.4×107、3.9×107、1.6×108、1.6×108、9.3×107CFU/m L;Bliss法得到的LD_(50)分别为:5.0×107、7.6×107、3.6×107、1.5×108、1.6×108、9.4×107CFU/m L。研究结果发现两种计算方法得出的LD_(50)数值差距较小,结果相似,不同菌株毒力强弱的顺序均为:Vp13ATCC17802ATCC33847Vp57Vp31≥Vp41Vp KNH1。综上所述,累积法及Bliss法均可用于检测细菌毒力大小,但由于计算机的发展使得Bliss计算方法更加简便,为更优的选择。  相似文献