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151.
Effects of ammonia and nitrite on survival, growth and moulting in juvenile tiger crab, Orithyia sinica (Linnaeus) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ja-Geun Koo Seong-Gil Kim Jung-Hoon Jee Jong-Man Kim Sungchul C Bai & Ju-Chan Kang 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(1):79-85
The effects of ammonia and nitrite on survival, growth and moulting were investigated in juvenile tiger crab, Orithyia sinica (carapace length 3.91±0.15 mm, carapace width 3.84±0.23 mm, n=440), after 30 days exposure to ammonia‐N (0, 20, 50, 100 and 150 mg L?1) and nitrite‐N (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg L?1) using a continuous flow system. Survival rates of tiger crab exposed to ammonia and nitrite decreased linearly with the exposure time and concentration. The growth rate of tiger crab exposed to 50, 100 and 150 mg L?1 ammonia was significantly lower than that of control crabs. The growth rate of tiger crab exposed to nitrite decreased at 150, 200 and 250 mg L?1 nitrite. During the ammonia and nitrite exposure, the intermoult period of the juveniles of tiger crab O. sinica was shortened between the first and second moult, and the number of moulting of crabs exposed to a higher concentration were significantly higher than that of control crabs. 相似文献
152.
Hwang WS Roh SI Lee BC Kang SK Kwon DK Kim S Kim SJ Park SW Kwon HS Lee CK Lee JB Kim JM Ahn C Paek SH Chang SS Koo JJ Yoon HS Hwang JH Hwang YY Park YS Oh SK Kim HS Park JH Moon SY Schatten G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5729):1777-1783
Patient-specific, immune-matched human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are anticipated to be of great biomedical importance for studies of disease and development and to advance clinical deliberations regarding stem cell transplantation. Eleven hESC lines were established by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) of skin cells from patients with disease or injury into donated oocytes. These lines, nuclear transfer (NT)-hESCs, grown on human feeders from the same NT donor or from genetically unrelated individuals, were established at high rates, regardless of NT donor sex or age. NT-hESCs were pluripotent, chromosomally normal, and matched the NT patient's DNA. The major histocompatibility complex identity of each NT-hESC when compared to the patient's own showed immunological compatibility, which is important for eventual transplantation. With the generation of these NT-hESCs, evaluations of genetic and epigenetic stability can be made. Additional work remains to be done regarding the development of reliable directed differentiation and the elimination of remaining animal components. Before clinical use of these cells can occur, preclinical evidence is required to prove that transplantation of differentiated NT-hESCs can be safe, effective, and tolerated. 相似文献
153.
An experiment was performed to evaluate the energy content of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and the effects of heat treatment on energy utilization in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows (18.03 ± 0.61 kg initial body weight) were individually housed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (six replicates per treatment). The three experimental diets were the following: a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and two test diets with simple substitution of a basal diet with intact EESBM or heat-treated EESBM (heat-EESBM) at a 7:3 ratio. Intact EESBM was autoclaved at 121 °C for 60 min to make heat-treated EESBM. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 16 d, including 10 d for adaptation and 6 d for total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were then moved into indirect calorimetry chambers to determine 24-h heat production and 12-h fasting heat production. The energy content of EESBM was calculated using the difference method. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with the individual pig as the experimental unit. Pigs fed heat-EESBM diets showed lower (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy, and nitrogen than those fed intact EESBM. A trend (P ≤ 0.10) was observed for greater heat increments in pigs fed intact EESBM than those fed heat-EESBM. This resulted in intact EESBM having greater (P < 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents than heat-EESBM. However, no difference was observed in net energy (NE) contents between intact EESBM and heat-EESBM, showing a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) toward an increase in NE/ME efficiency in heat-EESBM, but comparable NE contents between intact and heat-EESBM. In conclusion, respective values of DE, ME, and NE are 4,591 kcal/kg, 4,099 kcal/kg, and 3,189 kcal/kg in intact EESBM on a DM basis. It is recommended to use NE values of feedstuffs that are exposed to heat for accurate diet formulation. 相似文献
154.
Young Seok Koo 《Fibers and Polymers》2002,3(2):80-84
Tension control is an important factor in producing high quality knitted products and in maintaining good processing condition.
Yarn tension during knitting is subject to be affected from many elements of the machine and process parameters. Several factors
including yarn feeding speed, feeding angle, and needle gauge that are considered to influence on the tension variation were
investigated. Yarn feeding speed did not show high contribution to the tension variation but feeding angle of yarn did show
high correlation with the tension. No or negative correlation of the tension with needle gauge was found from the results.
In order to keep well-determined process condition in the knitting manufacturing, it is strongly suggested that all knitting
elements and parameters should be in the integrated control circumstance. 相似文献
155.
Sang Ick Shin Hea Jin Choi Koo Min Chung Bruce R. Hamaker Kwan Hwa Park Tae Wha Moon 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(3):404-408
Effects of debranching time, storage time, and storage temperature on production and structural properties of slowly digestible starch (SDS) were investigated. Waxy sorghum starch was hydrolyzed by isoamylase for various times (0–24 hr), and the variously debranched products were stored at ‐30, 1, and 30°C for 1–6 days. Optimal conditions for SDS production were isoamylase treatment for 8 hr and storage at 1°C for three days, resulting in SDS content of 27.0% in the optimum product. Microscopic observation revealed that rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and SDS were removed from the edges and surfaces of the optimum product by α‐amylase digestion. Digestion conditions that removed RDS and SDS resulted in a residue with a higher transition temperature and enthalpy than raw starch on a differential scanning calorimetric thermogram. Removal of RDS alone did not cause distinct decrements of peak temperature (Tp) and enthalpy (ΔH) compared with stored starch. The optimum SDS product showed an amorphous type of X‐ray diffractogram. Digestive removal of RDS from the optimum product gave a residue with X‐ray peaks similar to B type, which supports that it is partly crystalline. Removal of RDS and SDS gave broader peaks in the X‐ray pattern. 相似文献
156.
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159.
Mung bean, potato, and rice starch solutions (5%, w/w) were sonicated for up to 5 min after heating, and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Alkaline viscosities, including the apparent and inherent viscosities of starches, decreased. The residues of the swollen starch granules after pasting and centrifugation were also reduced prominently by sonication. Average degree of polymerization did not change with sonication. The starch paste became more transparent, and the hot paste viscosity measured at 70°C decreased remarkably. Results indicate that changes in the physicochemical properties of starch were induced by the disruption of swollen granules rather than the breakage of glucosidic linkages with sonication. 相似文献