Overwintering of genetically modified sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, as a source for dispersal of transgenic pollen     

Matthias Pohl-Orf  Ulrike Brand  Sarah Drießen  Peter René Hesse  Marcus Lehnen  Claudia Morak  Thomas Mücher  Christiane Saeglitz  Cornelia von Soosten  Detlef Bartsch 《Euphytica》1999,108(3):181-186

The potential impact of transgenic crops on community ecology will depend on the distribution and establishment of the new transgenic traits, on the sexual transfer of their new genes to the environment (Bartsch &; Pohl-Orf, 1996) and on the potential ecological impact of the transgenic trait. Flowering and pollen dispersal is important for outcrossing of the genetically engineered trait. For a biennial plant, like the cultivars of Beta vulgaris L., overwintering is normally necessary to become generative and to produce pollen and seeds (Abe et al., 1997), which usually does not happen with sugar beet as a field crop harvested in autumn (Longden 1989). The starting point for the project was a transgenic sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris (Lange et al., 1998), with rhizomania and herbicide ( Basta®, Liberty®) resistance. Cold tolerance is one of the most important factors for survival of sugar beet in Central- and North-Europe. Among other ways, spreading of transgenic traits into weed beet (Boudry et al., 1993) or wild beet can occur if genetically engineered – biennial – plants survive the winter, flower in spring and spread their pollen. Field experiments were performed with transgenic breeding lines and their hybrids, transgenic and non-transgenic hybrids with Swiss chard and three conventional beet cultivars to evaluate winter survival rates at seven different field sites. We could show that survival of sugar beet – transgenic as well as conventional ones – in Germany and at the Dutch border is possible. Survival rates were well correlated with temperature data and were unexpectedly high. Differences between sugar beet hybrids and breeding lines could be detected but not within different breeding lines or hybrids. There were no differences detectable between transgenic and non-transgenic plants. The data are crucial for the risk assessment of the release of transgenic sugar beet and are the basis for further experiments towards outcrossing and establishment.  相似文献   

Newcomers in the Baltic Sea: an attempt to trace the origins and whereabouts of thicklip grey mullet <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chelon labrosus</Emphasis>     

Matthias Schaber  Lasse Marohn  Christoph Petereit  Jan P. Schroeder  Karsten Zumholz  Reinhold Hanel 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(5):757-764

In recent years, thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus has shown increasing expansion of its native habitats in the north-eastern Atlantic into northerly adjacent areas including the North Sea and the brackish Baltic Sea. Despite the regular annual and seasonal occurrence of C. labrosus in the western Baltic during the warm months, nothing is known of the origin or whereabouts of the mullet during the cold season. As different possible migration scenarios can be considered, we performed otolith microchemistry analyses on specimens from the western Baltic Sea to identify the origin of this nonindigenous species. Comparison with North Sea samples revealed common habitat preferences and underlined the highly euryhaline nature of C. labrosus in different recently occupied habitats. Occasional fluctuations of Sr/Ca ratio along the growth axis suggest periodical migration between waters of different salinities but did not reveal distinct migration pathways.  相似文献   

Wachstum und Ernährung von Eberesche,Buche und Fichte im Gefäßversuch mit immissionsbelasteten Bodensubstraten aus dem Erzgebirge     

Hermann Heilmeier  Kristin Baronius  Arnd Jochen Kuhn  Matthias Opfermann  Wolfgang Nebe 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(1):57-63

Influence of simulated sulphur and nitrogen depositions on biomass and nutrient relationships of mountain ash, European beech and Norway spruce in a pot experiment with two soil substrates from the Ore Mountains Growth and nutrient relationships of mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) were investigated in a pot experiment with the two substrates rhyolithe (acidic) and basalt (alkaline). Additionally, depositions of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) as expected to occur in the Ore Mountains (Saxonia, Germany) in the future were simulated in order to test the species′ suitability for forest regeneration. After two years, aboveground biomass was significantly higher on basalt compared to rhyolithe for all species. The amount of S given (0 and 100 kg ha^—1 a^—1) and the dominant form of N applied (NH₄⁺:NO₃^— = 1:4 and 4:1; total amount of N given 80 kg ha^—1 a^—1) were of minor influence only. The contents of N and K in leaves or needles were higher on rhyolithe, whereas P, Ca, Mg and Mn contents were higher on basalt. Nutrient contents were only slightly affected by the amount of S supply and the NH₄⁺:NO₃^— ratio. In contrast to mountain ash, beech saplings exhibited considerable growth on rhyolite. It is therefore concluded that beech may be a suitable species for forest regeneration even on acidic soils suffering heavily from S and N immissions, whereas spruce will not tolerate high S loads. However, increasing N depositions by stimulating growth may cause deficiencies of Mg and K in both species.  相似文献