战后美国经济周期再考察     

刘军荣 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,(5):120-124

二战后美国经济周期波动发生显著变化。相比二战之前，美国经济周期扩张期拉长，衰退期缩短，二者之间形成剪刀差。经济周期长度、扩张期跨度和紧缩期跨度的离散度远远大于战前。二战后至今，美国经济中周期出现（朱格拉周期）呈拉长的趋势，扩张期远远长于衰退期，中周期（朱格拉周期）和短周期（基钦周期）的波幅经历了从小到大的阶段性变化。  相似文献   

Bacterial community analysis of purulent material from liver abscesses of crossbred cattle and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin     

Raghavendra G Amachawadi  Wesley A Tom  Michael P Hays  Samodha C Fernando  Philip R Hardwidge  T G Nagaraja 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(4)

Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle are polymicrobial infections. Culture-based studies have identified Fusobacterium necrophorum as the primary causative agent, but a number of other bacterial species are frequently isolated. The incidence of liver abscesses is highly variable and is affected by a number of factors, including cattle type. Holstein steers raised for beef production have a higher incidence than crossbred feedlot cattle. Tylosin is the commonly used antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the incidence of liver abscesses. The objective of this study was to utilize 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequence analyses to analyze the bacterial community composition of purulent material of liver abscesses of crossbred cattle (n = 24) and Holstein steers (n = 24), each fed finishing diet with or without tylosin. DNA was extracted and the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. The minimum, mean, and maximum sequence reads per sample were 996, 177,070, and 877,770, respectively, across all the liver abscess samples. Sequence analyses identified 5 phyla, 14 families, 98 genera, and 102 amplicon sequence variants (ASV) in the 4 treatment groups. The dominant phyla identified were Fusobacteria (52% of total reads) and Proteobacteria (33%). Of the top 25 genera identified, 17 genera were Gram negative and 8 were Gram positive. The top 3 genera, which accounted for 75% of the total reads, in the order of abundance, were Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Bacteroides. The relative abundance, expressed as percent of total reads, of phyla, family, and genera did not differ (P > 0.05) between the 4 treatment groups. Generic richness and evenness, determined by Shannon–Weiner and Simpson’s diversity indices, respectively, did not differ between the groups. The UniFrac distance matrices data revealed no clustering of the ASV indicating variance between the samples within each treatment group. Co-occurrence network analysis at the genus level indicated a strong association of Fusobacterium with 15 other genera, and not all of them have been previously isolated from liver abscesses. In conclusion, the culture-independent method identified the bacterial composition of liver abscesses as predominantly Gram negative and Fusobacterium as the dominant genus, followed by Pseudomonas. The bacterial community composition did not differ between crossbred and Holstein steers fed finishing diets with or without tylosin.  相似文献   

猪流行性腹泻病毒S蛋白纳米抗体的筛选与鉴定     

王天宇  李志伟  杨婷  董林芳  马志倩  边巴次仁  肖书奇  李爽 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(9):2589-2598

猪流行性腹泻病（porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED）是一种高度接触性肠道传染性疫病,主要危害1周龄以内的仔猪,仔猪感染死亡率高达100%,是目前危害世界养猪业的主要疫病之一。本研究旨在制备针对猪流行性腹泻病毒S蛋白的特异性纳米抗体并鉴定其结合活性。作者原核表达并纯化PEDV S1蛋白,将纯化后的PEDV S1重组蛋白免疫双峰驼,第4次免疫后分离其外周血淋巴细胞,提取淋巴细胞RNA,反转录得到cDNA,通过巢式PCR扩增VHH片段,并构建至pCANTAB-5E载体中,电转化至TG1感受态细胞,得到VHH噬菌体抗体展示文库;随后,对构建的噬菌体抗体展示文库进行救援和3轮富集,利用噬菌体展示技术从中筛选针对PEDV S蛋白纳米抗体,通过ELISA验证筛选的纳米抗体的特异性和结合力。通过Western blot和间接免疫荧光验证纳米抗体与PEDV的结合活性。结果显示：成功表达并纯化PEDV S1蛋白,经4次免疫后,双峰驼血清中的特异性抗体效价达到了1∶256 000。构建的噬菌体展示文库的库容量为2.1×10⁷,阳性率85%;对噬菌体展示文库3轮的淘选富集后,最终筛选出6株氨基酸序列不同的纳米抗体,ELISA结果显示,6株纳米抗体均对PEDV S1重组蛋白具有良好的结合力与特异性。随后验证了Nb3能够与PEDV结合,表明其具有良好的活性。成功筛选到针对PEDV S1蛋白的特异性纳米抗体,所筛选纳米抗体有望用于PED的诊断和治疗,同时为PEDV的致病机制研究提供抗体材料。  相似文献   

携带猪流行性腹泻病毒S1抗原表位的乙肝核心抗原病毒样颗粒的构建与鉴定   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘如月  范京惠  刘涛  苑军辉  李清艳  翟向和  左玉柱 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(6):1760-1764

旨在构建以乙肝核心抗原（HBcAg）为载体呈现猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）S1抗原表位的病毒样颗粒。将PEDV S1蛋白中含B细胞表位的270 bp片段插入到HBcAg主要免疫显性区域（MIR）,构建重组质粒pET-32a（+）-HBcAg-PEDV S1,转化到感受态细胞BL21（DE3）中,经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定纯化后的重组蛋白,通过透射电镜观察其形态结构。结果显示,成功构建重组质粒pET-32a（+）-HBcAg-PEDV S1,并在BL21（DE3）中以包涵体形式表达,纯化、复性后的重组蛋白经过2%磷钨酸负染后透射电子显微镜检测到病毒样颗粒结构。HBcAg-PEDV S1重组蛋白能够自发形成病毒样颗粒,在原核表达中,乙肝核心抗原可作为载体呈现PEDV S1抗原表位,为今后新型PED疫苗的研究提供了思路。  相似文献   

感染16型蓝舌病病毒后绵羊部分细胞因子消长特点研究     

苗海生  寇美玲  谢佳芮  李乐  李华春 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(1):296-302

本试验旨在探明绵羊感染16型蓝舌病病毒（Bluetongue virus type 16,BTV16）后细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10的消长特点。用实时荧光定量PCR检测方法对感染BTV16后3只绵羊上述4种因子mRNA进行检测,同时设立阴性对照绵羊,并以0 d mRNA为基准,计算mRNA的相对表达量,同时检测病毒抗体效价、测量绵羊体温。结果显示,接种BTV16的3只绵羊均不同程度产生抗体和体温症状,4种细胞因子的mRNA在接种病毒2~4 d内均出现显著上升,其中IFN-γ峰值在2.58~27.84倍之间,IL-2峰值在5.24~17.19倍之间,IL-4峰值在2.16~3.43倍之间,IL-10峰值在15.78~48.77倍之间,个体上升幅度存在显著差异,4种细胞因子均在高水平持续6 d左右后逐渐下降。对照绵羊上述参数在正常范围内波动。本研究阐明了接种BTV16后绵羊细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10在转录水平上的消长特点,为进一步深入开展BTV感染特征、宿主机体免疫机制研究提供参考。  相似文献   

1株奶牛源松鼠葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析     

田秋丰  张红  尹珺伊  刘秋瑾  张军  王岩  秦平伟  朱庆贺  苗艳  陈楠楠  张淑芬  丁昕颖  马姗姗  王振 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(4):1482-1488

为确定奶牛垫料中是否含有病原菌并深入了解垫料中优势生长菌的类型、耐药性及致病性等情况,本试验进行了细菌分离培养、革兰染色镜检、生化试验鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析及同源性比对、药敏试验、小鼠致病性试验。结果显示,分离菌在普通营养琼脂平板上形成圆形、表面光滑的白色菌落,血琼脂平板上形成黏稠、较大的白色菌落。革兰染色镜检结果显示,分离菌为革兰阳性,球型,呈葡萄串状排列,或单个散落。生化试验结果显示,分离菌对木糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果糖、乳糖、硝酸盐还原等呈阳性反应,而蜜二糖、木糖醇、山梨醇、尿素、V-P反应等呈阴性反应。16S rDNA序列分析结果显示,扩增的16S rDNA序列长度为1 298 bp,与松鼠葡萄球菌的核苷酸同源性达99.85%~100%;系统进化树结果显示,分离菌与松鼠葡萄球菌处于同一分支。动物试验结果表明,分离菌株对试验小鼠有较强的致病性,以0.2 mL/只（7.9×10⁸ CFU/mL）菌液的剂量接种小鼠,在48 h内死亡率为60%（3/5）。药敏特性分析结果显示,分离菌株对复方新诺明、氨苄西林等7种药物敏感,对克林霉素、头孢噻肟和头孢呋辛中度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素和林可霉素耐药。本研究为奶牛源松鼠葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及防控提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

猪流行性腹泻病毒S1D蛋白的优化表达及其单克隆抗体的制备     

李洁森  孙荣航  邝燕齐  陈路漫  刘青  郭霄峰 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(12):4641-4651

为进一步探究猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S蛋白的抗原表位及其功能,本试验通过优化S1D基因的密码子,构建了S1D基因未优化的重组原核表达质粒pET-S1D和已优化的pET-ΔS1D,并进行了诱导表达和纯化。使用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting方法验证S1D、ΔS1D蛋白在大肠杆菌内得到正确表达,利用Image J软件对S1D、ΔS1D蛋白表达量进行灰度扫描,通过t检验分析两者差异性。将纯化的ΔS1D 蛋白免疫 BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞融合、筛选及亚克隆,获得单克隆细胞株。利用体内诱生法制备抗PEDV S1D蛋白的单克隆抗体腹水,使用ELISA、Western blotting、间接免疫荧光试验3种方法对腹水效价及特异性进行检测和验证。SDS-PAGE和Western blotting结果显示,表达S1D、ΔS1D蛋白的样品均在34 ku处出现正确的目的条带。t检验结果表明, S1D、ΔS1D两者蛋白表达量差异极显著(P<0.01)。ELISA结果显示, 腹水的抗体效价达到了1∶1 000 000,腹水与PEDV病毒粒子和纯化后的ΔS1D蛋白反应均呈阳性,与PEDV N蛋白、pET-32a(+)空载体蛋白和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)、猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪德尔塔冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus,SADS-CoV) 5种病毒反应均呈阴性。Western blotting结果显示,腹水与ΔS1D蛋白和PEDV S蛋白分别在34和180 ku处有特异性条带出现,与pET-32a(+)空载体蛋白、正常Vero细胞蛋白均无特异性条带出现。间接免疫荧光试验结果显示,腹水及阳性对照组均能使细胞出现特异性绿色荧光信号,而空白及阴性对照组均未见绿色荧光信号。密码子优化可在原核表达系统中显著提高重组蛋白的表达水平,本研究基于高效表达的ΔS1D蛋白,成功制备了1株能稳定分泌与 PEDV S蛋白特异性结合的单克隆抗体的细胞株,为进一步探究 PEDV S蛋白抗原表位及蛋白功能的研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Isolation and Identification of Cellulase-producing Bacillus in Yak Rumen     

JIANG Pei-pei  LIU Fu-yin  ZOU Zhi-kun  ZHOU Yan-yang  TANG Cheng 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(2):527-534

To investigate the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen,10 samples of rumen content were aseptically collected from 10 adult Maiwa yaks to isolate the heat-resistant Bacillus by water bath at 80 ℃ for 20 min.The cellulase-producing strains were screened using the CMC-Na medium and Congo red staining.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of those cellulose-producing strains were amplified and sequenced.The results showed that 64 strains were isolated from the 10 samples.Total 23 strains were identified as cellulase-producing bacillus,including 16 strains of Bacillus cereus,7 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis showed that the 16 Bacillus cereus strains were clustered into two branches:One isolate was clustered into a branch alone,the other 15 isolates were clustered into a branch which clustered into 5 small branches,showing that there was certain genetic diversity in the isolates of Bacillus cereus.And all 7 Bacillus thuringiensis strains were clustered into a branch.Hence,the results layed the foundation of investigating the species of cellulase-producing Bacillus in yak rumen and developing probiotics special for yak.  相似文献   

Development of the faecal microbiota in foals          下载免费PDF全文

M. C. Costa  H. R. Stämpfli  E. Allen‐Vercoe  J. S. Weese 《Equine veterinary journal》2016,48(6):681-688

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First Detection of Ehrlichia canis in Cerebrospinal Fluid From a Nonthrombocytopenic Dog with Meningoencephalitis By Broad‐Range PCR          下载免费PDF全文

G. Kaewmongkol  P. Maneesaay  N. Suwanna  B. Tiraphut  T. Krajarngjang  A. Chouybumrung  S. Kaewmongkol  T. Sirinarumitr  S. Jittapalapong  S.G. Fenwick 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):255-259

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