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1.
Use of U.S. croplands for biofuels increases greenhouse gases through emissions from land-use change 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Searchinger T Heimlich R Houghton RA Dong F Elobeid A Fabiosa J Tokgoz S Hayes D Yu TH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1238-1240
Most prior studies have found that substituting biofuels for gasoline will reduce greenhouse gases because biofuels sequester carbon through the growth of the feedstock. These analyses have failed to count the carbon emissions that occur as farmers worldwide respond to higher prices and convert forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain (or cropland) diverted to biofuels. By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change, we found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years. Biofuels from switchgrass, if grown on U.S. corn lands, increase emissions by 50%. This result raises concerns about large biofuel mandates and highlights the value of using waste products. 相似文献
2.
基于高光谱的抽穗期寒地水稻叶片氮素预测模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为快速、无损地监测水稻叶片氮素营养状况,开展了基于高光谱成像技术的抽穗期寒地水稻叶片氮素预测模型的研究。以不同施氮水平的寒地水稻叶片为研究对象,采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm,SPA)和分段主成分分析(segmented principal components analysis,SPCA)方法选择水稻叶片的高光谱特征波段,SPCA方法降维后结合相关分析(correlation analysis,CA)构建特征光谱参量,并建立基于全波段高光谱数据、SPA特征波段及SPCA特征光谱参量的多种回归分析模型且对模型进行检验和筛选。研究结果表明:在校正集决定系数RC2上,基于多元逐步回归分析(multiple stepwise regression analysis,MSRA)的全波段模型较好,RC2=0.9 6 4,校正集均方根误差RMSEC=0.083;RP2为0.961,RMSEP为0.050。该研究结果为快速检测水稻叶片氮素含量及水稻生长期间精确施肥管理提供了技术支撑和理论依据。 相似文献
3.
Mohammad H. Ahmad Amani M. D. El Mesallamy Fatma Samir Faten Zahran 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):289-298
Four isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.40 kcal/g) experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, or 1.5% cinnamon. The diet containing 1% cinnamon resulted in significantly greater (P < 0.05) specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FER), protein efficiency ratio (PER), apparent protein utilization (APU), and energy utilization (EU). In regard to body composition, there was no significant difference in dry matter, protein, lipids, and ash (P > 0.05) contents due to cinnamon supplementation. Blood plasma profile showed an improvement in hemoglobin (HB), red blood cell (RBCS), hematocrite (PCV), total protein, and total lipids, while there was a decrease in creatinin, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glucose in fish fed 1% cinnamon. Cinnamon was found to have an antibacterial activity antagonistic to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish. Performance and FCR improvement translated into a 10% decrease in feed costs associated with the 1% cinnamon diet. 相似文献
4.
Francesco Rovero Arafat S. Mtui Amani S. Kitegile Martin R. Nielsen 《Biological conservation》2012,146(1):89-96
Hunting and habitat degradation are universal threats to primates across the tropics, thus deciphering the relative impact of threats on population relative abundance is critical to predicting extinction risk and providing conservation recommendations. We studied diurnal primates over a period of nearly 6 years in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania, a site of global importance for primate conservation. We assessed how population relative abundance of five species (of which two are endemic and IUCN-Endangered) differed between two forest blocks that are similar in size and habitat types but contrast strongly in protection level, and how abundance changed during 2004–2009. We also measured habitat and disturbance parameters and, in the unprotected forest, evaluated hunting practices. We found significant differences in primates’ abundance between protected and unprotected forests, with the greater contrast being the lower abundance of colobine monkeys (Udzungwa red colobus and Angolan colobus) in the unprotected forest. At this site moreover, colobines declined to near-extinction over the study period. In contrast, two cercopithecines (Sanje mangabey and Sykes’ monkey) showed slightly higher abundance in the unprotected forest and did not decline significantly. We argue that escalating hunting in the unprotected forest has specifically impacted the canopy-dwelling colobus monkeys, although habitat degradation may also have reduced their abundance. In contrast, cercopithecines did not seem affected by the current hunting, and their greater ecological adaptability may explain the relatively higher abundance in the unprotected forest. We provide recommendations towards the long-term protection of the area. 相似文献
5.
Ben Alaya Amani Rabhi Fatma Hessini Kamel Djébali Naceur 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,161(3):709-722
European Journal of Plant Pathology - Pyrenophora teres causes one of the most destructive barley diseases in semi-arid production areas worldwide. With the burgeoning issue of soil salinization,... 相似文献
6.
Sarkaki A Amani R Badavi M Moghaddam AZ Aligholi H Safahani M Haghighizadeh MH 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(8):1114-1119
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of dietary soy meals (with or without isoflavone) on dementia in ovariectomized (OVX) animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Female Wistar's rats with the exception of intact group were ovariectomized at the first line of study. Animals were divided into 2 main groups: control (c) and pre-treatment groups. Animals in pre-treatment groups received one of five types of diet during four weeks prior Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis (NBM) electrical lesion normal diet (0), 10 g soy with isoflavone (10), 20 g soy with isoflavone (20), 10 g soy without isoflavone (-10) and 20 g soy without isoflavone (-20) in 30 g daily diet. The spatial learning and memory were tested using Morris water maze after electrical lesion. Rats were trained in water maze to find a hidden escape Platform. Rats received 6 blocks that each block consisted of 3 trials. Following acquisition trials, one probe trial was conducted in which the platform was removed. Soy meal diet (with or without isoflavone) in ovariectomized rats with Alzheimer's disease caused improvement of performance across 18 trials of Acquisition. Our results suggest that soy meal is a potential alternative to estrogen in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. 相似文献
7.
Amani S.Y. Al-Zaidan Abrar Akbar Hussain Bahbahani Salim Y. Al-Mohanna Biju Kolattukudy Varun Balakrishna 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):802-817
- To our knowledge, this is the first inclusive assessment of the status of Sparidae fisheries in the territorial waters of Kuwait, integrating information on catch trends, consumer preferences, recreational fishing behaviour, and molecular based identification of fish species by DNA barcoding
- Fisheries landing data were obtained from the official fisheries bulletin released by the Kuwait Central Statistical Bureau. Surveys were conducted to assess consumer preferences on seabream species, landed seabream species, and the behaviour of recreational anglers towards seabream species. DNA barcodes were generated to authenticate commercial seabream using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COXI) gene and then compared with GenBank sequence entries; these sequences were then used to construct a neighbour-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree.
- Yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus was the prime and most favoured commercial seabream species (45%), followed by Sparidentex hasta, which was the top-rated secondary, unassessed seabream species. Approximately 54% of households conduct recreational fishing more than twice a month, and most (77%) primarily target S. hasta and Ac. latus. Consumer demand for secondary seabreams, which were not assessed and are listed in the bulletin under the category ‘others’, was evident.
- The NJ phylogenetic tree revealed that Arabian Gulf seabreams, including those of Kuwait, are genetically different from their counterparts inhabiting neighbouring waters.
- The data presented here highlight the urgency to modify the existing fisheries list using accurate identification tools, such as DNA barcoding, for the sustainable and conservation-oriented management of local fisheries, which are in decline.
8.
Yacouba Bakayoko Amani M. Kouakou Abou B. Kouassi Rose-Marie Gomez Konan E. B. Dibi Brice S. Essis Boni N’Zué Patrick Adebola Assanvon S.-P. N’Guetta Marie Umber 《Plant pathology》2021,70(6):1486-1495
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a major staple food whose production is hampered by viral diseases. However, the prevalence, diversity, transmission, and impact of yam-infecting viruses remain poorly documented. This study reports on the symptomatology, prevalence, and molecular diversity of eight viruses in 38 D. rotundata accessions from a germplasm collection and 206 F1 hybrid progenies maintained in Côte d'Ivoire. Mean severity scores as assessed from leaf symptoms ranged from 2 to 4 in the germplasm collection and from 1 to 3 in F1 hybrids, respectively. Dioscorea mosaic-associated virus (DMaV), potexviruses, and yam mosaic virus (YMV) were detected by PCR-based diagnosis tools in single and mixed infections in both the D. rotundata collection and F1 progenies, whereas badnaviruses were detected only in the germplasm collection. In contrast, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), yam macluraviruses, yam asymptomatic virus 1 (YaV1), and yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) could not be detected. No correlation could be established between severity scores and indexing results. Phylogenetic analysis performed on partial viral sequences amplified from infected samples unveiled the presence of two putative novel viral species belonging to genera Badnavirus and Potexvirus and provided evidence for plant-to-plant transmission of YMV, DMaV, and yam potexviruses. 相似文献
9.
Amani Al‐Dawood 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(2):356-363
To date and to the best of our knowledge, there have been no available data on the interaction between heat stress (HS) and secretion of adipokines and some blood metabolites in Baladi goats from Jordan. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the changes in leptin, adiponectin, non‐ester fatty acid (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in Baladi goats under HS conditions in Jordan. Six goats were exposed to direct solar radiation versus six goats exposed to shade regimen. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, NEFA and BHB were measured. Ambient temperature, relative humidity (RH) and body weight (BW) were recorded. Results indicated that leptin and adiponectin concentrations were significantly increased under HS. The concentration of NEFA was significantly increased under HS at the 7th and 14th days of the experiment, while mean total concentration of NEFA was not significantly affected by HS. Neither weekly nor mean total concentrations of BHB were significantly affected by HS during the experimental period. In conclusion, HS is associated with changes in leptin and adiponectin concentrations in Baladi goats. Heat‐stressed goats were able to keep their blood NEFA and BHB concentrations similar to those of thermo‐neutral goats. 相似文献
10.
Taamalli A Arráez-Román D Ibañez E Zarrouk M Segura-Carretero A Fernández-Gutiérrez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(3):791-798
In the present work, a simple and rapid method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves, using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique, has been developed. The experimental variables that affect the MAE process, such as the solvent type and composition, microwave temperature, and extraction time, were optimized using a univariate method. The obtained extracts were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS(2)) to prove the MAE extraction efficiency. The optimal MAE conditions were methanol:water (80:20, v/v) as extracting solvent, at a temperature equal to 80 °C for 6 min. Under these conditions, several phenolic compounds could be characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(2). As compared to the conventional method, MAE can be used as an alternative extraction method for the characterization of phenolic compounds from olive leaves due to its efficiency and speed. 相似文献