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Bhutia Nangsol D. Sureja Amish K. Munshi A. D. Verma Manjusha Arya Lalit Krishnan S. Gopala Gurung B. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(7):2485-2500
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Luffa hermaphrodita Singh & Bhandari, known as Satputia, a semi-wild taxon originating from L. graveolens is an underutilized vegetable. It has a... 相似文献
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Anup Das Savita Basavaraj Jayanta Layek Ramkrushna Gandhiji Idapuganti Rattan Lal Krishnappa Rangappa 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2020,66(6):830-846
ABSTRACTLow productivity and energy use efficiency (EUE) of rice farming are the major concerns for agricultural sustainability in the Eastern Himalayan region of India. A field experiment on rice (Oryza sativa L.)-pea (Pisum sativum L) system was conducted for three consecutive years during 2012–15 in lowland ecosystem to assess the direct and residual impact of tillage and residue management (RM) practises on productivity and sustainability. Significantly higher grain yield of rice was achieved under no-till (NT) than minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT). Among RM practises, 50% NPK + green leaf manure, 50% NPK + weed biomass and 50% NPK + in-situ residue retention recorded significantly higher mean grain yields than application of 50% NPK and 100% NPK without residues. Residual effect of MT in preceding rice gave significantly higher green pod yield of succeeding pea than NT and CT. The system EUE was significantly higher under MT (rice)-NT (pea) compared to those of NT-NT and CT-NT systems. The sustainable yield index of rice and pea was maximum under MT-NT followed by NT-NT. Thus, NT/MT with suitable RM practises is a pertinent strategy for sustainable productivity of rice-pea system in the Eastern Himalayas and in similar adjoining regions. 相似文献
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Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch (STB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and is considered one of the most devastating pathogens of that crop in the United States. Although the genetic structures of M. graminicola populations from different countries have been analyzed using various molecular markers, relatively little is known about M. graminicola populations from geographically distinct areas of the United States and, in particular, of those from spring versus winter wheat. These are exposed to great differences in environmental conditions, length and season of host-free periods, and resistance sources used in geographically separated wheat breeding programs. Thus, there is more likely to be genetic differentiation between populations from spring versus winter wheat than there is among those within each region. To test this hypothesis, 330 single-spore isolates of M. graminicola representing 11 populations (1 from facultative winter wheat in California, 2 from spring wheat in North Dakota, and 8 from winter wheat in Indiana and Kansas) were analyzed for mating type frequency and for genetic variation at 17 microsatellite or simple-sequence repeat (SSR) loci. Analysis of clone-corrected data revealed an equal distribution of both mating types in the populations from Kansas, Indiana, and North Dakota, but a deviation from a 1:1 ratio in the California population. In total, 306 haplotypes were detected, almost all of which were unique in all 11 populations. High levels of gene diversity (H = 0.31 to 0.56) were observed within the 11 populations. Significant (P ≤ 0.05) gametic disequilibrium, as measured by the index of association (rBarD), was observed in California, one Indiana population (IN1), and three populations (KS1, KS2, and KS3) in Kansas that could not be explained by linkage. Corrected standardized fixation index (G″(ST)) values were 0.000 to 0.621 between the 11 populations and the majority of pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001), suggesting some differentiation between populations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that there was a small but statistically significant level of genetic differentiation between populations from spring versus winter wheat. However, most of the total genetic variation (>98%) occurred within spring and winter wheat regions while <2% was due to genetic differentiation between these regions. Taken together, these results provide evidence that sexual recombination occurs frequently in the M. graminicola populations sampled and that most populations are genetically differentiated over the major spring- and winter-wheat-growing regions of the United States. 相似文献
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RB Gurung AC Purdie DJ Begg RJ Whittington 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,149(3-4):186-196
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD) in ruminants. MAP is known to enter a dormant phase outside the host, typically on soil. In vitro experiments have reported regulation of certain MAP genes when exposed to stressors similar to what is thought to produce dormancy. It is believed that in vivo regulation of dormancy genes and associated proteins by MAP may play a role in evading the host defence mechanisms and induce the host immune response against these dormancy-related proteins. Five proteins encoded by dormancy-related genes that were previously found to be upregulated under stress conditions and predicted through in silico analysis to possess immune epitopes (three hypothetical proteins and two proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism) were selected. Recombinant proteins were produced, purified and evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunogenicity using a panel of sera obtained from sheep unexposed and exposed to MAP. The antibody levels of the exposed group were significantly higher than the unexposed group (P<0.001). Individually, the five proteins were found to discriminate between sera from sheep exposed to MAP compared to unexposed sheep. At 91% diagnostic specificity, the diagnostic sensitivity of the recombinant antigen ELISA ranged from 24% to 42% and AUC(ROC) from 0.7015 to 0.8405. 相似文献
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Shanti Shrestha Bhaskar Singh Karky Anup Gurung Rajesh Bista Ole Reidar Vetaas 《Small-Scale Forestry》2013,12(4):507-517
This study assessed the net above-ground carbon stock in six community forests in the Dolakha district, Nepal. A survey was conducted of above-ground timber species, using random sampling. A tree-ring chronology for Pinus roxburghii was created to construct a growth model representative of the various mainly-pine species. The allometric model combined with tree ring analysis was used to estimate carbon stock and annual growth in the above-ground tree biomass. The out-take of forest biomass for construction material and fuelwood was estimated on the basis of interviews and official records of community forest user groups. The average annual carbon increment of the community forests was 2.19 ton/ha, and the average annual carbon out-take of timber and fuelwood was 0.25 ton/ha. The net average carbon balance of 1.94 ton/ha was equivalent to 117.44 tons of carbon per community forest annually. All the community forests were actively managed leading to a sustainable forest institution, which acts as a carbon sink. It is concluded that community forests have the potential to reduce emissions by avoiding deforestation and forest degradation, enhance forest carbon sink and improve livelihoods for local communities. 相似文献
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Potential impact of weedy Brassicaceae species on oil and meal quality of oilseed rape (canola) in Australia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Brassicaceae weeds are a widespread problem in Australian oilseed rape crops. The weeds not only compete for resources during crop growth, but also have the potential to reduce both oil and meal quality of the harvested crop. This study investigated oil and meal quality of weedy species from the Brassicaceae family that were collected throughout cropping regions of Australia. Eighty‐nine lines from 19 species were grown and evaluated in the same environment for their potential to contaminate Australian oilseed rape seed lots. Seed and flowering characteristics of each species were also examined. The glucosinolate concentration of most of the weedy species was greater than 100 μmol g?1 of oil‐free meal, well above the threshold for meeting oilseed rape quality. Erucic acid content of 18 of the 19 weedy species also exceeded the oilseed rape quality standard of less than 2% erucic acid. This study highlights the potential of the weedy species to reduce the quality of Australian oilseed rape crops. 相似文献
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Srivastava A Harish R Shivanandappa T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(3):790-795
Roots of Decalepis hamiltonii are consumed as pickles and as a health drink in southern India for their health benefits. The antioxidant properties of the root extracts have been shown previously; this paper reports the isolation of antioxidant compounds from the aqueous extract of the roots of D. hamiltonii. Five novel antioxidant compounds were isolated and characterized by NMR and MS. The compounds exhibited free radical scavenging activity in vitro and inhibited low-density lipoprotein oxidation. This study demonstrates that the root extract of D. hamiltonii is a cocktail of several antioxidant compounds with health implications. 相似文献
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Community forest management helps in mitigating deforestation and forest degradation by addressing the negative aspects of rural livelihoods such as poverty and social exclusion. It is important in regulating global climate by encouraging sequestration of carbon in shoots, roots and soils. We studied the status of community forest management, forest resource harvest and carbon stocks in two community forests of the mid hill region of central and western Nepal. The study was based on primary and secondary data collected through carbon stock measurement from field visits and allometric equations, household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and review of past studies. Socioeconomic variables such as gender, age group, livestock and landholding status were related to resource utilization, conservation, and management of community forest. Forest resources such as timber, firewood, fodder and leaf litter were harvested in sustainable ways. People were involved in forest thinning, co-management meetings, guarding and planting trees for forest conservation and management. Density and carbon stock of trees increased gradually in comparison to a previous study. We recommend further research on other community forests for more accurate and better results. 相似文献