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Seed maturity indices of Populus ciliata were investigated in collections from Sukhatal and Bhowali. Across both seed sources, mean capsule size varied from 68.0±1.5 mm2 to 72.0±0.9 mm2, while mean number of capsules/100 grams varied from 268±8 to 295±12. Mean weight of 100 capsules varied from 25.0±1.4 g to 27.0±1.4 g. Weight of 100 capsules among sources and individual trees differed significantly (P < 0.05), while number of capsules/100 grams and weight of 100 capsules was negatively correlated (r2 = 0.69). As capsules matured moisture content decreased from 83.2±1.1% to 54.3±0.3% at Sukhatal and from 77.7±0.4% to 46.4±0.3% at Bhowali. The optimum germination was at 58–60% moisture content. Maturation was related to capsule colour changes as well as moisture content. These parameters were judged to be good indicators of when to collect P. ciliata seeds. 相似文献
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Richa Sood Rekha Khandia Sandeep Bhatia Divakar Hemadri Manoj Kumar Sharan S. Patil Atul K. Pateriya Arshi Siddiqui Malkanna Sanjeev Kumar Mudalagiri Dasappa Venkatesha Diwakar D. Kulkarni 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(6):1037-1043
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal herpesvirus infection of domestic and wild ruminants, with a short and dramatic clinical course characterized primarily by high fever, severe depression, swollen lymph nodes, salivation, diarrhea, dermatitis, neurological disorders, and ocular lesions often leading to blindness. In the present study, fatal clinical cases of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) were identified in cattle in the state of Karnataka. These cases were initially presented with symptoms of diarrhea, respiratory distress, conjunctivitis, and nasal discharges. Laboratory diagnosis confirmed the detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) genome in the peripheral blood samples of two ailing animals. The blood samples collected subsequently from sheep of the neighboring areas also showed presence of OvHV-2 genome indicating a nidus of infection in the region. The positive test results were further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the OIE approved portion of tegument gene as well as complete ORF8 region of the OvHV-2 genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequence of the latter region indicated close genetic relationship with other OvHV-2 reported elsewhere in the world. 相似文献
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Upadhyay A Chompoo J Kishimoto W Makise T Tawata S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):2857-2862
AIDS and influenza are viral pandemics and remain one of the leading causes of human deaths worldwide. The increasing resistance of these diseases to synthetic drugs demands the search for novel compounds from plant-based sources. In this regard, the leaves and rhizomes of Alpinia zerumbet, a traditionally important economic plant in Okinawa, were investigated for activity against HIV-1 integrase (IN) and neuraminidase (NA). The aqueous extracts of leaves and rhizomes had IN inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 30 and 188 μg/mL, whereas against NA they showed 50% inhibition at concentrations of 43 and 57 μg/mL, respectively. 5,6-Dehydrokawain (DK), dihydro-5,6-dehydrokawain (DDK), and 8(17),12-labdadiene-15,16-dial (labdadiene) were isolated from the rhizomes and were tested for enzyme inhibitions. DK and DDK strongly inhibited IN with IC(50) of 4.4 and 3.6 μg/mL, respectively. Against NA, DK, DDK, and labdadiene exhibited mixed type of inhibition with respective IC(50) values of 25.5, 24.6, and 36.6 μM and K(i) values ranging from 0.3 to 2.8 μM. It was found that DDK is a slow and time-dependent reversible inhibitor of NA, probably with a methoxy group as its functionally active site. These results suggest that alpinia could be used as a source of bioactive compounds against IN and NA and that DK and DDK may have possibilities in the design of drugs against these viral diseases. 相似文献
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CHEN Ting CHEN Zheng Atul Prakash SATHE ZHANG Zhihong LI Liangjian SHANG Huihui TANG Shaoqing ZHANG Xiaobo WU Jianli 《水稻科学》2019,26(6):372-383
We here reported the identification and characterization of a novel gain-of-function spotted-leaf 26(Spl26) mutant from an ethylmethylsulfone(EMS)-induced rice cultivar IR64. Spl26 displayed reddishbrown lesions that firstly appeared on the leaf tips at the early tillering stage and spread gradually downward to cover the whole leaf blades that wilted subsequently. The lesion development was lightdependent under natural conditions. Spl26 exhibited impaired photosynthetic capacity with decreased chlorophyll content and lowered photosynthetic parameters which ultimately led to the poor performance of agronomic traits. Severe cell death occurred in Spl26 in accompany with increased malonaldehyde level and membrane ion leakage rate, elevated reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation, altered ROS scavenging activities, increased DNA fragmentation and decreased soluble protein levels. Defense responses were activated in Spl26 with enhanced resistance to rice bacterial blight, up-regulation of defense response genes and altered endogenous hormone levels. The spotted-leaf phenotype is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene localized to a 305 kb region between RM5490 and In Del42 on the short arm of chromosome 7. The data suggested that Spl26 is a novel gain-of-function spotted-leaf mutant with enhanced bacterial disease resistance and immunity-associated premature leaf senescence and would provide the basis for cloning of the target gene. 相似文献
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Atul Kumar Singh Sanjay Arora Yash Pal Singh Chhedi Lal Verma Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj Navneet Sharma 《Paddy and Water Environment》2018,16(3):587-593
Sodic soils are characterized by high exchangeable sodium on exchange sites, soil pH greater than 8.5, relatively low electrical conductivity, low infiltration rate and dispersed clay. These characteristics restrict the capacity of soil to absorb water, resulting in poor infiltration. Evidently, these soils require application of irrigation water at shorter intervals for crop production. Thus, irrigation strategy for sodic soils differs from that of normal soils. An experiment to determine the suitable irrigation strategy along with methods of application namely: surface (farmer’s practice), sprinkler (double nozzle impact sprinkler), and low-energy water application device (LEWA) were initiated in the year 2012 for rice crop. Irrigation depths of 6 cm in case of surface method and 4 cm in case of sprinkler and LEWA methods were applied at each irrigation event. The irrigation events for rice were scheduled at 2-DAD (days after the disappearance of the ponded water), 3-DAD, and 4-DAD through surface method, and at daily, 1- and 2-day intervals (after initial ponding disappeared) by sprinkler and LEWA methods. Sprinkler and LEWA methods resulted in highest rice yield of 4.4 t ha?1 in irrigated plots at the 2-day interval which was at par with the highest yielding surface-irrigated plot scheduled at 2-DAD. At the same time, irrigation strategy of 2-day interval through sprinkler and LEWA methods registered water saving to the extent of 30–40% over 2-DAD under surface irrigation method. Results revealed that there could be substantial saving of water and energy (electricity and diesel) through the use of sprinkling devices for irrigating rice under sodic soil environments. 相似文献
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Anil Kumar Nidhi Gupta Atul Kumar Gupta Vikram Singh Gaur 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(4):183-194
Worldwide, the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for crop plants is of great concern. The burgeoning world population needs crop genotypes that respond to higher nitrogen and show a direct relationship to yield with use of nitrogen inputs, i.e. high nitrogen-responsive genotypes. However, for fulfilling the high global demand of organic produce, it requires the low nitrogen responsive genotypes with greater NUE and grain yields. The lack of knowledge about precise regulatory mechanisms to explain NUE in crop plants hampers the goal of agricultural productivity. Understanding the molecular basis of NUE will enable to provide handle for crop improvement through biotechnological means. With the advent of modern genomics and proteomics approaches such as subtractive hybridization, differential display, and microarray techniques are revolutionizing to identify the candidate genes which play a pivotal role in the regulation of NUE. Beside it, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technology is also being used to establish marker-trait association for NUE. The identification of potential candidate genes/proteins in the regulation of NUE will serve as biomarker(s) for screening genotypes for their nitrogen responsiveness for optimization of nitrogen input in agriculture. This paper describes the molecular basis of NUE with respect to nitrogen metabolism and its intimate relationship with carbon metabolism, use of molecular-physiological-genetics approaches for understanding the role of various genes/proteins, and their validation to use as biomarker(s) for determining genotypic potential for NUE. Since NUE in plants is a complex trait which not only involves the primary process of nitrogen uptake and assimilatory pathways but also a series of events, including metabolite partitioning, secondary remobilization, C-N interactions, as well as molecular signalling pathways and regulatory control outside the metabolic cascades. Therefore, identification of novel nitrogen responsive genes and their cis- and trans-acting gene elements is essential. Thus, fishing out a single gene, biomarker or a master regulator controlling complex trait of NUE could serve as an appropriate strategy for nitrogen management in agriculture. 相似文献
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We evaluated a recently developed live vaccine candidate for fowl typhoid (FT)-JOL916, a lon/cpxR mutant of Salmonella Gallinarum (SG)-by comparing its safety and efficacy with that of the well-known rough mutant strain SG9R vaccine in 6-wk-old Hy-Line hens. Forty-five chickens were divided into three groups of 15 chickens each. The chickens were then intramuscularly inoculated with 2 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFUs) of JOL916 (JOL916 group), 2 x 10(7) CFUs of SG9R (SG9R group), or phosphate-buffered saline (control group). After vaccination, no clinical symptoms were observed in any of the groups. No differences in body weight increase were detected among the three groups postvaccination. A cellular immune response was observed at 2 wk postvaccination (wpv) in the JOL916 group with the peripheral lymphocyte proliferation assay, whereas no response was detected in the SG9R group. Elevation of SG antigen-specific plasma immunoglobulin was observed 2 and 3 wpv in the JOL916 and SG9R vaccine groups, respectively. After virulent challenge on day 25 postvaccination, 0, 1, and 15 chickens in the JOL916 group, SG9R group, and control group, respectively, died by 12 days postchallenge; the death rate of the SG9R vaccine group was statistically similar to that of the JOL916 group. Postmortem examination revealed that the JOL916 vaccine offered more efficient protection than the SG9R vaccine, with significantly decreased hepatic necrotic foci scores, splenic enlargement scores, necrotic foci scores, and recovery of the challenge strain from the spleen. Vaccination with JOL916 appears to be safe and offers better protection than SG9R against FT in chickens. 相似文献
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Evaluation of seed yield, morphological variability and nutritional quality of 27 germplasm lines of Chenopodium quinoa and 2 lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae was carried out in subtropical North Indian conditions over a 2-year period. Seed yield ranged from 0.32 to 9.83 t/ha, higher yields being shown by four Chilean, two US, one Argentinian and one Bolivian line. Two lines of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae exhibited high values for most of the morphological traits but were low yielding. Seed protein among various lines ranged from 12.55 to 21.02% with an average of 16.22 ± 0.47%. Seed carotenoid was in the range of 1.69–5.52 mg/kg, while leaf carotenoid was much higher and ranged from 230.23 to 669.57 mg/kg. Genetic gain as percent of mean was highest for dry weight/plant, followed by seed yield and inflorescence length. All morphological traits except days to flowering, days to maturity and inflorescence length exhibited significant positive association with seed yield. The association of leaf carotenoid with total chlorophyll and seed carotenoid was positive and highly significant. The path analysis revealed that 1000 seed weight had highest positive direct relationship with seed yield (1.057), followed by total chlorophyll (0.559) and branches/plant (0.520). Traits showing high negative direct effect on seed yield were leaf carotenoid (−0.749), seed size (−0.678) and days to flowering (−0.377). Total chlorophyll exerted strongest direct positive effect (0.722) on harvest index, followed by seed yield (0.505) and seed protein (0.245). 相似文献
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Chaudhari AA Seol JW Kang SJ Park SY 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(6):537-542
TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family and engages apoptosis via recruitment and rapid activation of caspase-8. This study investigated the effect of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a classic uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, on TRAIL-induced apoptosis in SNU-638 cells derived from human gastric cancer cells. It was found that treatment with CCCP followed by incubation with TRAIL markedly enhanced apoptosis by 2 fold compared with treatment with TRAIL alone. This effect was accompanied by reduction in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species. This sensitization was inhibited by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, which restored the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reduced reactive oxygen species generation. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine also inhibited expression of apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Smac and abrogated caspase-8 activation. Moreover, treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine prior to induction with TRAIL increased expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. These data indicate that CCCP enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis by dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species, suggesting that treatment with CCCP combined with that with TRAIL can be an efficient method to induce death of tumor cells, particularly cells that are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. 相似文献