Effect of Late-season Top-dressings of N (and K) applied to Conifer Transplants in the Nursery on their Survival and Growth on British Forest Sites     

BENZIAN  BLANCHE; BROWN  R. M.; FREEMAN  S. C. R. 《Forestry》1974,47(2):153-184

At two English forest nurseries, transplants of five coniferspecies—Picea sitchensis, Picea abies, Tsuga heterophylla,Abies grandis, and Pinus contorta—were grown with fertilizersupplying N, P, K, and Mg in amounts intended to be adequatefor producing healthy green trees with nutrient concentrationsin the ‘sufficiency range’ as determined by earlierexperiments. ‘Luxury uptake’ of nitrogen was obtainedwith top-dressings of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ applied in thenursery during early September, when top growth had nearly ceased.Tests of the effect of this extra N on forest establishmentwere repeated in four successive years under a wide range ofsoil and climatic conditions, keeping the trees in a cold storeduring each winter and planting them on forest sites in England,Scotland, or Wales during the following spring. Except for Grandfir, nitrogen advanced bud-break of all species during the firstsummer after planting and had no deleterious influence on survival.It tended to increase growth of Sitka spruce during the seasonafter planting, but in later years the differences became smallin relation to tree size. The effects on other species weresmall, except for one considerable decrease in the growth responseof Grand fir at a single site. Frost damage of Sitka spruce of Washington origin was severeon a Welsh and a Scottish site where this frost-sensitive provenancewould not normally be grown. At the Welsh, but not the Scottishsite, the nitrogen treatment increased the damage. In the few experiments (confined to Picea sitchensis) whichtested late-season potassium in the nursery, K concentrationswere increased from deficiency to barely sufficiency level;growth in the forest was increased in two of the four experiments.The extra K had no effect on frost damage.  相似文献   

Comparison of Crop Rotations, and of Fertilizer with Compost, in long-term Experiments with Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in two English Nurseries     

BENZIAN  B.; FREEMAN  S. C. R.; PATTERSON  H. D. 《Forestry》1972,45(2):145-176

Groups of related experiments, of more than 300 plots, withseedlings and transplants of Picea sitchensis, tested inorganicfertilizer and bracken-hopwaste compost, and compared continuousconifer cropping with a rotation in which one conifer crop inthree was replaced by fallow or a green manure crop. The experiments,lasting 15 years, were done in a nursery on moderately acidagricultural land at Kennington and in a heathland nursery onan acid sandy podsol at Wareham. At Kennington, seedlings given fertilizer grew better throughoutthan those given compost, with no additional benefit when bothwere given, despite considerable increases in soil organic matterand nutrients on compost-treated plots. On plots with fertilizer,growth was maintained during the experimental period. At Wareham,fertilizer lost its initial advantage; neither of the manunaltreatments supplied adequate amounts of major nutrients butfertilizer and compost together was better than either alone. With transplants, at both nurseries, fertilizer was slightlymore effective during the early years, but compost later. Interrupting continuous conifer cropping by fallow or greencrops had no advantage at either nursery.  相似文献   

Nutrient Concentrations in Naturally Regenerated Seedlings of Picea sitchensis in Southeast Alaska   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

FARR  W. A.; SMITH  H. A.; BENZIAN  B. 《Forestry》1977,50(2):103-112

Concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn were determined in topsand roots, and S in tops, of naturally regenerated Sitka spruceseedlings growing on youthful and mature soils near Juneau,SE Alaska. The samples were taken at the end of the growingseason from sites with and without alder (Alnus sinuata) asthe principal hardwood component. P, Mg, and Mn concentrations of seedlings from mature soilswere larger than in those from youthful soils. Differences inN, K, and Ca concentrations were small. Seedlings on sites withalder tended to have more N, P, and K than on those without. Nutrient concentrations of naturally regenerated Alaskan seedlingsfrom mature soils, with alder present, resembled closely thoseof healthy 1 + 1 transplants in English forest nurseries.  相似文献   

Nutrient Concentrations of Healthy Seedlings and Transplants of Picea sitchensis and Other Conifers Grown in English Forest Nurseries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

BENZIAN  BLANCHE; SMITH  H. A. 《Forestry》1973,46(1):55-69

Concentrations of N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Mn were determined in whole-plantsamples of healthy one-year seedlings and one-plus-one transplantsof Picea sitchensis, Picea abies, Abies grandis, Tsuga heterophylla,and of seedlings only of Pinus nigra var. maritima. The sampleswere taken at the end of each of three consecutive growing seasonsfrom plants grown in nursery beds on several contrasted soilsin south-east England. Tops and roots were analysed separatelyin the last of the three years. The sampling formed part ofa large experimental programme on nutrition problems in forestnurseries, and most of the data are supported by evidence frompast detailed experiments. N, P, Ca concentrations in Picea abies tended to be larger thanin Picea sitchensis, and K concentrations smaller. Concentrationsof all nutrients, except Mg, were larger in tops than in roots,those of N, P, and K larger in seedlings than in transplants.With few exceptions our analytical data agree well with thosepublished elsewhere, either for nursery-grown trees or for treesraised in culture experiments, but there is not yet sufficientevidence that these nutrient ranges have any general validity.  相似文献