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This paper analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the innovative small-scale farming scheme of the Ogun-Oshun River Basin Development Authority in southwestern Nigeria. Two project sites, Ofiki and Mokoloki, situated in contrasting ecological zones are used as case studies. In general the scheme has achieved a large measure of success in both areas, but, the future of the scheme appears brighter and more assured in the Ofiki area, situated in the economically depressed and rural savanna region, than in Mokoloki situated in the forest region where tree crop cultivation is prevalent and urban influence very strong. There are still many unresolved issues, solutions to which may determine the sustenance of the scheme. Such issues include the question of land rights; the negative attitude of the farmers to the system of sole cropping, pricing policy and payment of their share of farm proceeds; low initial returns from the projects; and operational bottle-necks. 相似文献
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Garba John Faleke Olufemi Oladayor Magaji Alhaji Abdulahi Alkali Rabiu Bello Nwankwo Innocent Okwundu Dzikwi Asabe Adamu 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(6):2905-2915
Rotaviruses have a worldwide distribution and the infection is associated with diarrhea in young of ruminants as well as children. However, limited data exist on its prevalence and types in Yobe state, Nigeria. Detection of rotavirus A and types in ruminant population in Yobe state was the aim of the study. A total of 470 diarrheic fecal samples were collected and tested for rotavirus and types using serology and molecular techniques respectively. A prevalence rate of 2.98% (14/470) was found in the three species with specific rates of 2.9% (6/202), 3.8% (6/158), and 1.8% (2/110) in goat, sheep, and cattle respectively. The prevalence rates of 3.6% (12/331), 1.2% (1/84), and 1.8% (1/55) were for those aged < 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 months old, respectively, while 4.9% (9/185) and 1.7% (5/285) were in males and females respectively. Rotavirus genes VP7 and VP4 were detected in 2 (14.3%) out of the 14 ELISA-positive samples while deduced amino acid sequences of the major variable regions revealed the genes to belong to types G3P[11] strain. Significant association was found between the infection and sex (P < 0.05) unlike in the species and age groups of the ruminants. The circulation of rotavirus virus in ruminants and type G3P[11] in cattle has been confirmed in the study. Hence, there is a need for continuous surveillance, awareness campaign, and assessment of the economic losses and public health implications of rotavirus infection in Nigeria.
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The effect of different application levels of phosphate fertilizer on cowpea pod-sucking bugs [Clavigralla sp., Riptortus sp., Anoplocnemis., Mirperus sp. and Negara sp. (Heteroptera)] was studied using 0 (control), 20, 40 and 60 kg/ha of single super-phosphate. The results showed that the bug densities decreased significantly with increase in rate of application. At 40 and 60 kg/ha, grain yields were significantly higher than at the lower rates of application. Crude protein, fibre, oxalate, phytin, potassium and magnesium contents as well as seed hardness also increased with increase in the rate of fertilizer application. 相似文献
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Olufemi Sunday Akinola Joel Oluwatosin Alabi Adeboye Olusesan Fafiolu Folorunso Temitope Adedayo Olajide Mark Sogunle Oluseyi Olutosin Oduguwa Amos Oladipo Fanimo 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(2):657-663
Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of diets containing fermented and amino acid (AA)-supplemented malted sorghum sprout (MSP) on performance, nutrient utilisation and feed cost analysis of growing pigs. In experiment 1 (digestibility trial), 12 pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates, equipped with feeding and watering troughs which also allow for separate collection of faeces and urine. Data collection lasted for 7 days during which feed intake and faecal output were weighed, with daily storage of collected faeces at ?4 °C. Four diets, a basal diet, basal plus malted sorghum sprout (B?+?MSP), basal plus fermented malted sorghum sprout (B?+?FMSP) and basal plus amino acids plus malted sorghum sprout (B?+?AA?+?MSP), were tested. Samples of test ingredients, feed and faeces were analysed for their gross energy and proximate compositions. In experiment 2, 18 weaner pigs were used in a completely randomised design for 63 days to determine the performance and cost analysis of feeding malted sorghum sprout at 0, 100 and 200 g/kg in pig’s diet, six pigs per diet with each pig representing a replicate. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. The prevailing cost of each feed ingredient was used to compute the feed cost and, subsequently, the feed cost analysis. Results of digestibility trial showed that there was no difference in the utilisation of the chemical constituents of B?+?MSP and B?+?AA?+?MSP diets, which were also similar to the basal diet, except the crude protein (CP) in amino acid-supplemented malted sorghum sprout diet, which was lower compared to the basal diet. B?+?FMSP was lower (P?<?0.05) in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and CP compared to the basal diet. The digestible energy (DE) and the fraction of gross energy utilised as DE of each diet also were not affected by fermentation and supplementation with AA. In experiment 2, the levels of MSP used did not affect (P?>?0.05) the performance and feed cost indices measured. It was concluded that MSP can be used in growing pig’s diet, without the need for fermentation and AA supplementation, at 200 g/kg level with no adverse effect on the nutritive value of the diet. 相似文献
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Serina M. DeSalvio Brianna L. Cheek Robert N. Vaughn Olufemi J. Alabi John E. Holme Nisha Jain David M. Stelly 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(2):238-246
We report the development of a novel and more efficient, rapid, cost-effective and simple technique than current PCR-based identification methods for screening cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants for the presence of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV). This protocol takes advantage of the PACE (PCR Allele Competitive Extension) system and uses PCR amplification of cDNA, coupled with sequence-specific fluorescent probes to differentiate between infected and uninfected cotton plants. This procedure has the potential for application in detection of other RNA viruses in a variety of other crops, by using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) gene and a widely conserved housekeeping gene in the host organism; in this case, the G. hirsutum polyubiquitin gene (GhUB). 相似文献
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J. O. Babatola 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):256-265
Abstract In a survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with or affecting rice throughout Nigeria, some important nematode pests, especially the white tip disease nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi and the rice root nematodes Hirschmanniella spinicaudata and H. oryzae were identified from seed, soil and root samples from swamp rice fields respectively. The sugarcane cyst nematode, Heterodera sacchari occurred in swamp rice fields only around the major sugarcane estates in Nigeria. The root‐knot Meloidogyne incognita and the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus were also encountered in upland (rainfed) rice fields. The white tip disease nematode, A. besseyi occurred at low levels in soils and rice seeds throughout the country. High population levels of H. spinicaudata and H. oryzae were encountered especially in areas where monoculture of rice is practised. General chlorosis, poor tillering and significantly reduced yield have been observed due to H. spinicaudata. Rice plants attacked by H. sacchari also showed intense chlorosis, delayed and reduced tillering and reduced grain yield. The roots of attacked plants were twiggy, very necrotic and blackened. The root‐knot M. incognita and the root lesion nematodes P. brachyurus have both been observed to reduce rice yields. Rice cultivars screened for reactions to the nematodes showed varying degrees of susceptibilities. Some varieties were however resistant to the root‐knot nematode, M. incognita. 相似文献
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Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Oni AO Arigbede OM Sowande OS Anele UY Oni OO Onwuka CF Onifade OS Yusuf KO Dele PA Aderinboye RY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):483-490
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and
60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored
in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume
(PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P < 0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2 × 1012/l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P < 0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7 × 109/l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of
PCV and Hb in the diets (P > 0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P > 0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment,
values for glucose significantly (P < 0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P < 0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased
significantly (P < 0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of
dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical
parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%. 相似文献
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Olajide Mark Sogunle Olagoke Ayobami Olaniyi Lawrence Tokunbo Egbeyale Olufemi Sunday Akinola Taofeek A. Shittu Samuel Soladoye Abiola Abimbola O. Ladokun Richard Abayomi Sobayo 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):281-288
This study was carried out on 150 cockerel chickens each of Harco Black and Novogen strains to determine their performance, carcass yield and meat composition on free range and deep litter production systems. The birds were brooded for 4 weeks and thereafter allotted to the different production systems for a period of 12 weeks. Each production system was allotted 150 chicks (75 chicks per strain) with three replicates of 25 chicks. The birds on deep litter production system were fed ad libitum while each bird on free range was fed 50 % of its daily feed requirement. On the 84th day, a total of 36 birds were randomly selected for analysis of the carcass yield and meat composition. The data generated were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance in a 2?×?2 factorial experimental arrangement. Novogen strain consumed less feed (P?<?0.05) on free range and had the best feed/gain (2.72). A higher (P?<?0.05) shear force value (3.74 N) was obtained in the thigh muscle for birds on free range. The tibia proximal length and breadth, and tibia distal length and breadth were significantly (P?<?0.05) affected by the production systems and strains. On free range, Harco black had more meat (85.69 g) than bone (18.07 g) in the breast while Novogen had the lowest meat/bone (2.38). Conclusively, Novogen strain should be raised on free range for a better performance in terms of feed/gain, but for higher meat composition, Harco black is a better strain. 相似文献