The influence of transplanting on height, root neck diameter, and grading was investigated for Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, and Euonymus europaeus on three sites with different climate and soil properties. Additionally, plant growth was characterized by the shoot-to-root ratio, height-to-root neck diameter, and proportions of coarse and fine roots. The significance of the growth parameters as criteria for survival is discussed. Transplanting influenced shoot growth more than root growth. The growth of the plants was highly site-dependent. Transplanting increased growth most on the site with the best conditions for water and N supply. Transplanting had no effect on grading for the site with the worst water supply. 相似文献
The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was first recorded in Brazil in 2003 and since then has caused serious damage in Eucalyptus forests. The damage is mainly due to defoliation, sooty mold and dieback, thus requiring the development of efficient management strategies. The settling and ovipositional preference of G. brimblecombei by species and clones of Eucalyptus were evaluated in free- and no-choice tests. Preliminary tests were done to determine the density of psyllid couples that produced the greatest densities of eggs, leaf position selection for oviposition, and whether oviposition was affected by preimaginal conditioning. Apical leaves were used more frequently for oviposition by the psyllid, and the number of eggs decreased from the apex to the base. The densities of 10 and 15 psyllid couples per seedling produced the highest oviposition. There was no evidence of preimaginal conditioning. In the free-choice test, E. grandis, E. urophylla, VM-1, I-144, C-219 and H-13 were less attractive to G. brimblecombei adults, with H-13, E. grandis and E. urophylla having the least oviposition. In the no-choice test, E. urophylla, GG-100 and E. grandis also demonstrated a lower oviposition, but E. camaldulensis and 3025 were highly susceptible. The low preference for the genotypes E. grandis and E. urophylla suggests the occurrence of a non-preference type resistance against the red gum lerp psyllid. Our results can be utilized for the development of management programs for G. brimblecombei in Eucalyptus forests. 相似文献
The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is considered one of the most important pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), limiting the productivity of this crop worldwide. Chemical control is still the main strategy for the management of populations of this insect. However, due to the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and to humans, less injurious alternatives have been investigated. Along this line, the use of resistant genotypes can be a valuable tool for the control of the silverleaf whitefly. In this paper, we investigate some biological aspects of B. tabaci biotype B confined on 14 genotypes of cowpea. We evaluated the incubation period, egg viability, duration of nymphal stages, total duration of the juvenile phase, instar mortality and total mortality of the immature stage. The genotype MNC 99-541 F21 exhibited antibiosis against the whitefly, prolonging the lifecycle of the insect. The genotypes Canapu, BRS-Urubuquara and TE97-304 G-4 also exhibited antibiosis, causing high nymphal mortality. These results may help in breeding programmes to develop cowpea lines with resistance to B. tabaci biotype B. 相似文献
This work evaluated the preference of Ascia monuste orseis among 29 cultivars of collard greens through free- and no-choice assays using female adults (attractiveness and oviposition)
and third-instar larvae (feeding preference), in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In free-choice tests with female
adults, the L, V, Y, H, A, and Z cultivars produced oviposition non-preference in butterflies. Cultivars R, P, C, and D produced
feeding non-preference in third-instar larvae of A. monuste orseis in free- and no-choice tests. Our findings may be useful for genetic improvement focusing on the development of B. oleracea var. acephala cultivars resistant to A. monuste orseis. 相似文献
The objective of this study was to investigate the potential resistance mechanisms to Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) B biotype, in eight Cucurbita pepo varieties. Attractivity, oviposition preference, and nymphal development were evaluated under greenhouse and laboratory conditions.
Variety Bianca was the least attractive to adult whiteflies in multi-choice tests. The whiteflies showed oviposition nonpreference
(antixenosis) for Novita Plus, Bianca and Sandy in multi-choice test, and similar results were observed in no-choice tests
with varieties Bianca, Novita, Caserta Cac and Sandy. Sandy expressed high antibiosis levels against whitefly nymphs, leading
to 63.9% mortality. The high level of resistance in variety Sandy can serve as base for genetic improvement of C.pepo focusing on the development of resistant varieties to B. tabaci B biotype. 相似文献
1. Sausages were used to assess the effects of chicken meat replacement by spent laying hen meat on the quality parameters and sensorial properties.
2. Five formulations were developed: control (CON) containing 100% chicken meat and 4 levels of chicken meat replacement with spent laying hen meat: 25% (T25), 50% (T50), 75% (T75) and 100% (T100).
3. Appearance, texture, succulence, flavour and overall consumer acceptance were analysed. Parameters such as moisture, ash, fat and protein content, pH, cooking loss and colour parameters (lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*)) were analysed, as well as the texture properties (hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness and chewiness).
4. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant (P > 0.05) differences in chemical composition and colour parameters among formulations. On the other hand, CON treatment showed the lowest (P < 0.05) cooking loss (20.45%) that increased as spent laying hen meat increased in the formulation (24.92% vs. 27.65% vs. 28.12% vs. 33.05%, for T25, T50, T75 and T100 batches, respectively).
5. Regarding textural parameters, T75 and T100 formulations presented higher (P < 0.05) hardness and chewiness compared to the other ones.
6. Concerning to sensorial characteristics, the T100 formulation presented the lowest average scores (P < 0.05) for all attributes studied. However, the other batches (T25, T50 and T75) did not show significant differences for appearance, texture, succulence, flavour and overall acceptability attributes compared with the CON formulation.
7. The results indicated that the substitution of up to 75% of chicken meat by spent laying hen meat did not decrease the sensory acceptance of the sausages by consumers, demonstrating that this level of substitution in sausages allows better use of spent laying hen meat. 相似文献
Phytoparasitica - Severe attacks of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on brassica crops may lead to a significant decrease in yield and can cause plant death. Host plant... 相似文献
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Croton tetradenius Baill. is an aromatic plant species whose essential oils have high economic importance. Its incorporation into Active Germplasm Banks is... 相似文献
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