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Traditional forest economics deals with regularly-ordered activities.For many reasons, however, choices must often be made amongconflicting operational priorities. In these circumstances,maximizing net discounted revenue per hectare does not maximizeglobal profit. Priorities for action should be chosen in orderof urgency index ratio, defined as the cost of delaying an operationdivided by the units of limited resource needed to undertakethe operation. Forest managers tend to use informal and sometimesconflicting rules to assign priorities among uses of limitedresources. These priorities often differ from those indicatedby urgency index ratio. Urgency index ratio can be determinedby simple calculations based on readily-available data. Theconcept can be extended to include multiple constraints. 相似文献
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ANN E. WAGNER DVM MS Diplomate ACVA ACVP COLIN I. DUNLOP BVSC Diplomate ACVA A. SIMON TURNER BVSC MS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(3):256-260
The effects of morphine (M), 0.1 mg/kg, administered into the lumbosacral subarachnoid space of sheep used for experimental stifle surgery, were investigated. In a pilot study, preservative-free morphine was administered to three sheep, morphine containing preservatives to two sheep, and saline (S) to one sheep. After recovery from anesthesia, all five sheep administered M displayed rear limb weakness. One sheep, which had received morphine containing preservatives, also licked and chewed incessantly at its flank and hindquarters during recovery. A group of 24 sheep was used to study the effects of morphine containing preservatives, injected intrathecally, on recovery from general anesthesia and hindlimb orthopedic surgery. Eight sheep received M, eight sheep received S, and eight sheep had a needle placed in the subarachnoid space without any injection (N). Times from end of anesthesia to standing varied greatly and did not differ significantly among groups (P=.73), with M sheep averaging 119 minutes; S sheep, 87 minutes; and N sheep, 83 minutes. One sheep administered M licked and chewed at its hindquarters during recovery. Another group of 24 sheep was used to study the effects of morphine containing preservatives, injected intrathecally, on postoperative lameness. Treatments were as described previously. Sheep were videotaped intermittently for 36 hours after surgery, and each sheep was scored as follows; 0 = not lame; 1 = slightly lame; and 2 = very lame. The average lameness scores, which did not differ significantly among groups (P=.21), were: M sheep, 1.07; S sheep, 0.81; and N sheep, 0.68. One sheep administered M displayed extensor spasms of the hindlimbs, and could not stand until several hours after surgery. We conclude that subarachnoid morphine at the dosage used produces no apparent benefit in sheep which have had stifle surgery, and in fact may cause detrimental side effects, such as hindlimb weakness, and pruritis or irritation of the hindquarters. 相似文献
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ANN E. WAGNER DVM MS Diplomate ACVP COLIN I. DUNLOP BVSc Diplomate ACVA R. BRUCE HEATH DVM MS Diplomate ACVA A. SIMON TURNER BVSc MS Diplomate ACVS GAYLE W. TROTTER DVM MS Diplomate ACVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(3):248-255
Nine horses were premediated with acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with guaifenesin and thiamylal. Anesthesia was maintained in four horses with halothane in oxygen, and in five horses with halothane in oxygen plus a constant dose infusion of detomidine. Both maintenance regimens produced a MAC equivalent of 1.4 at the ambient barometric pressure. Hemodynamic and respiratory measurements were made after the horses were anesthetized, during surgical manipulations involving skin or tissues other than nerves, during manipulation and transection of digital nerves, and after surgery while the limbs were being bandaged. Heart rate was significantly higher in horses anesthetized with halothane only than in horses that also received detomidine; there were no other differences in hemodynamic function or recovery characteristics. Respiratory rate was significantly higher than baseline during soft tissue and nerve manipulations; arterial blood pressure was significantly higher after surgery began and highest during neurectomy; cardiac output and cardiac index were significantly decreased during surgery; systemic vascular resistance was significantly increased during neurectomy and bandaging and highest during neurectomy. The data suggest that the increase in blood pressure often associated with surgical stimulation is caused by increased vascular resistance and may be accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output. 相似文献
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L. KAY MASON dvm COLIN E. HARVEY frcvs Diplomateacvs ROBERT J. ORSHER vmd Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(5):263-268
Thirty dogs with end-stage otitis were treated by either unilateral or bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. Otitis was considered end stage when the horizontal ear canal was collapsed, stenotic, or occluded in conjunction with chronic infection of the external and middle ear. The dogs were evaluated clinically and radiographically for 4 to 63 months. The frequency of scratching, head shaking, aural drainage, and para-aural fistulation was significantly decreased. Abnormal ear carriage and head tilt were not changed. The results in 23 dogs were graded as excellent or improved. One dog died of intraoperative hemorrhage. Complications during the period from suture removal to follow-up included para-aural fistulation (3 dogs), facial nerve paralysis (5 dogs), and head tilt (3 dogs). 相似文献
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Thermal Burns in Four Dogs during Anesthesia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
COLIN I. DUNLOP BVSc DiplomateACVA DAVID A. DAUNT DVM STEVE C. HASKINS DVM MS DiplomateACVA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(3):242-246
Thermal burns occurred in four anesthetized dogs as a result of using latex surgical gloves filled with warm water to treat hypothermia. The burns were on relatively hairless skin that had been in contact with the gloves. Small containers full of warm water are a relatively inefficient source of heat, but if the temperature of the water exceeds 45 degrees C and the container contacts the animal's skin, thermal injury can result. 相似文献
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Short Bowel Syndrome—A case report in a dog and discussion of the pathophysiology of bowel resection
An 8-year-old dog was investigated because of severe diarrhoea and weight loss following massive intestinal resection 15 months earlier. Positive contrast radiographic studies demonstrated (1) a short bowel with an increased diameter, (2) the absence of an ileo-colic sphincter, and (3) a rapid transit time. Para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and xylose absorption tests, and quantitative twenty-four hour faecal fat analysis demonstrated mildly reduced PABA absorption, marked xylose malabsorption, and steatorrhoea. Complete control of diarrhoea was achieved by the administration of a low-fat diet. An elemental diet supplement containing amino-acids, simple sugars, minerals and vitamins, and medium chain triglyceride oil were subsequently used in an attempt to improve nutrition. Oral antibiotics were prescribed in an attempt to reduce the suspected overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestine. The long-term effects of dietary supplements and antibiotics could not be assessed because the dog was destroyed after a sudden deterioration in condition, probably due to severe gastric ulceration observed at autopsy. The pathophysiologic changes associated with intestinal resection are discussed in relation to possible therapeutic measures. 相似文献
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NEIL C. OLSON D.V.M. WADE O. BRINKER D.V.M. M.S. COLIN B. CARRIG BV. Sc Ph.D. HAROLD W. TVEDTEN D.V.M. Ph.D. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1981,10(3):125-131
Marked lameness and elbow incongruity occurred in seven 21-week-old dogs following experimental premature closure of the distal radial physis at 10 weeks of age. Midradial transverse osteotomies and bone plate stabilization performed on five dogs resulted in marked reduction of elbow incongruity and forelimb lameness. Two dogs had no surgery and served as controls for the surgical procedure. At 50 weeks of age the proximal radial articular surface was displaced 5.3 mm farther from the coronoid process in control dogs as compared to dogs having transverse radial osteotomy. Markedly worse clinical, radiographic, and pathologic changes in the control group demonstrated the importance of reestablishing and preserving elbow congruity when treating asynchronous growth of the canine forelimb caused by premature closure of the distal radial physis. The technique described is recommended as one method to treat premature distal radial physeal closure clinically. 相似文献
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COLIN F. BURROWS 《The Journal of small animal practice》1987,28(11):1073-1078
Mega-oesophagus was diagnosed in a nine-month-old male Shar Pei with hypoadrenocorticism in which anorexia persisted despite appropriate initial therapy. Endoscopy confirmed the mega-oesophagus and revealed oesophagitis, gastritis and gastric haemorrhage. There was a dramatic improvement in clinical signs following treatment with metoclopramide and cimetidine and the mega-oesophagus resolved with treatment for the hypoadrenocorticism. 相似文献