Trichoderma Biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea and Survival in Strawberry   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

Stanley Freeman  Dror Minz  Inna Kolesnik  Olga Barbul  Aida Zveibil  Marcel Maymon  Yehuda Nitzani  Benny Kirshner  Dalia Rav-David  Alon Bilu  Arnon Dag  Sharoni Shafir  Yigal Elad 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(4):361-370

Trichoderma isolates are known for their ability to control plant pathogens. It has been shown that various isolates of Trichoderma, including T. harzianum isolate T-39 from the commercial biological control product TRICHODEX, were effective in controlling anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) and grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in strawberry, under controlled and greenhouse conditions. Three selected Trichoderma strains, namely T-39, T-161 and T-166, were evaluated in large-scale experiments using different timing application and dosage rates for reduction of strawberry anthracnose and grey mould. All possible combinations of single, double or triple mixtures of Trichoderma strains, applied at 0.4% and 0.8% concentrations, and at 7 or 10 day intervals, resulted in reduction of anthracnose severity; the higher concentration (0.8%) was superior in control whether used with single isolates or as a result of combined application of two isolates, each at 0.4%. Only a few treatments resulted in significant control of grey mould. Isolates T-39 applied at 0.4% at 2 day intervals, T-166 at 0.4%, or T-161 combined with T-39 at 0.4% were as effective as the chemical fungicide fenhexamide. The survival dynamics of populations of the Trichoderma isolates (T-39, T-105, T-161 and T-166) applied separately was determined by dilution plating and isolates in the mixtures calculated according to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using repeat motif primers. The biocontrol isolates were identified to the respective species T. harzianum (T-39), T. hamatum (T-105), T. atroviride (T-161) and T. longibrachiatum (T-166), according to internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis.  相似文献   

Segment-based coancestry,additive relationship and genetic variance within and between the Norwegian and the Swedish Fjord horse populations     

Hanne Fjerdingby Olsen  Saija Tenhunen  Nils Ivar Dolvik  Dag Inge Våge  Gunnar Klemetsdal 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2020,69(1-2):118-126

ABSTRACT

The Fjord horse originates from Norway but forms a global population due to several small populations in foreign countries. There exists no information about the additive relationship and the genetic variance between these subpopulations. By collecting blood samples from Norwegian and Swedish Fjord horses, a sample of 311 Norwegian and 102 Swedish horses gave 485,918 SNPs available for analysis. Their inbreeding coefficients were calculated and compared to the pairwise coancestry and the shared genomic segments. The effective population size was almost similar with the two methods in the Norwegian Fjord horse population (63 and 71), but very different in the Swedish population (269 and 1136) and unprecise due to a much smaller number of observations. The study showed that coancestry from shared genomic segments can be used to estimate additive genetic relationship and genetic variation within and between the global populations of the Fjord horse.  相似文献   

CORRECTION OF ANGULAR DEFORMITY BY ASYMMETRIC PHYSEAL GROWTH AND BONE REMODELLING     

Terje O.  Fjeld  DVM  Harald  Steen  MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1986,27(2):58-64

Angular deformities of 25 or 37 degrees valgus were created by transverse wedge osteotomies in the diaphysis of the radius in 3-month-old Cocker Spaniels. Spontaneous correction was judged from radiographs until skeletal maturity. The magnitude of correction was estimated, using the opposite normal leg as a control. Asymmetrical physeal growth corrected the induced angulation between the proximal and distal radial joint plane surfaces (joint plane angle). The average correction of the joint plane angle was 80% in the 25 degree group, and 72% in the 37 degree group. Bone remodeling of the radial shaft corrected the induced diaphyseal angulation by 50% in both groups during the study.  相似文献   

Influence of time of harvest and maturity index on olive oil yield and quality     

Arnon Dag  Zohar Kerem  Nir Yogev  Issac Zipori  Shimon Lavee  Eric Ben-David 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Harvesting plays a major role in the virgin olive oil production line, being the most expensive single component, but also due to its significant effect on the whole year's produce. Previous studies have focused on the effects of harvest timing on either oil yield or quality. Here we determined the separate and combined effects of harvesting date, fruit maturation, cultivar and fruit load on olive oil quality and quantity. Cultivars typical to the Middle East region were selected: the traditional cv. Souri and the newer cv. Barnea, grown under intensive conditions. The results demonstrate fundamental differences between the two cultivars with respect to harvest strategy. In high-yielding ‘Barnea’, oil accumulation continued throughout the ripening season resulting in increasing yield of oil with time while maintaining high quality. Hence, exploiting the production potential in ‘Barnea’ requires late harvest and advanced fruit maturity. However, in heavily loaded ‘Souri’, oil accumulation was accompanied by early massive shedding of fruits. Furthermore, late harvest and advanced maturation in ‘Souri’ were associated with a sharp increase in free fatty acids combined with a rapid decline in polyphenol content, and in MUFA to PUFA and saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratios, all resulting in loss of oil quality. Rapid decline in oil yield coupled with deterioration of oil quality call for early harvesting at low maturity index in ‘Souri’. In medium-yielding trees of both cultivars, maturation progressed more rapidly, resulting in earlier harvest to utilize optimal oil potential.  相似文献   

Effects of UV-radiation of humic water on primary and secondary production     

Dag O. Hessen  Ellen Van Donk 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,75(3-4):325-338

Bioassays with UV-irradiated surface waters from two humic localities revealed a consistent pattern with phytoplankton production being stimulated at moderate doses (1.1.–5.4 J cm^?2, 312 nm), but with a transition to severe growth inhibition at increasing doses (>10 J cm^?2). Phytoplankton (Selenastrum capricornutum) was inoculated after the irradiation treatment, and the observed growth response gave support to the hypothesis of long-lasting algicidal effects induced by UV-radiation. High UV-doses apparently also liberated nutrients and metals (Al) complexed by humus. Since the applied UV₃₁₂-doses corresponded to mid-summer solar intensity, the results suggest both chemical and ecological implications, and that these effects have a non-linear response on UV-dose. Conversely no effects were detected on dark respiration or during corresponding bioassays with the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia magna.  相似文献   

Determination by near-infrared spectroscopy of perseitol used as a marker for the botanical origin of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) honey     

Dvash L  Afik O  Shafir S  Schaffer A  Yeselson Y  Dag A  Landau S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(19):5283-5287

This paper reports the application of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy to determine the concentration in honey of perseitol, a sugar that is specific to avocado honey. Reference values for perseitol were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis in 109 honey samples. Although the average concentration of perseitol in honey samples was only 0.48%, accurate prediction equations were successfully developed. The regression model of modified partial least squares was superior to that of principal component regressions. Calibrations based on the first or second derivative of Log(1/R) were equally good (R(2) > 0.95). Using half of the samples for calibration and the second half for validation, the correlation between actual and predicted values of the second half was satisfactory (R(2) = 0.87), the slope did not differ from 1, bias was low (0.005%), and the standard error of prediction was relatively low (0.13%). It was concluded that NIRS analysis may be used to detect to what extent honeybees have harvested avocado nectar but not to authenticate avocado honey as unifloral.  相似文献   

A Male Genetic Map Designed for Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Norwegian Cattle     

Dag Inge Våge  Ingrid Olsaker  Helge Klungland  Luis Gomez-Raya  Sigbjørn Lien 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):56-63

A male bovine linkage map was constructed using six half-sib families of the Norwegian Cattle population. The family material consisted of six sires and 285 sons, with the number of sons per sire ranging from 32 to 71. Of the 288 markers analysed, 261 were anonymous microsatellites and 27 were coding genes. Eleven of the coding genes were mapped by a two-step procedure involving intron/exon sequencing in the six sires and development of polymerase chain reaction-based methods for efficient genotyping in heterozygous families. Linkage analysis including both informative and non-informative sons was performed in order to obtain unbiased estimates of recombination fractions. The autosomal genome length of the Norwegian Cattle Map (NCM) was estimated as 2682 cM, with an average interval of 12.5 cM. The map provides sufficient marker density for scanning the whole bovine genome to locate quantitative trait loci. The large number of common markers between NCM and previously published maps will contribute to the comparison and integration of bovine maps.  相似文献   

Effect of different blood‐guided conditioning programmes on skeletal muscle ultrastructure and histochemistry of sport horses     

A. Lindner  S. Dag Erginsoy  S. Kissenbeck  H. Mosen  U. Hetzel  W. Drommer  V. E. Chamizo  J. L. L. Rivero 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(2):374-386

The effects of three different blood‐guided conditioning programmes on ultrastructural and histochemical features of the gluteus medius muscle of 2‐year‐old sport horses were examined. Six non‐trained Haflinger horses performed three consecutive conditioning programmes of varying lactate‐guided intensities [velocities eliciting blood lactate concentrations of 1.5 (v_1.5), 2.5 (v_2.5) and 4 (v₄) mm respectively] and durations (25 and 45 min). Each conditioning programme lasted 6 weeks and was followed by a 5‐week resting period. Pre‐, post‐ and deconditioning muscle biopsies were analysed. Although training and detraining adaptations were similar in nature, they varied significantly in magnitude among the three different conditioning programmes. Overall, the adaptations consisted in significant increases in size of mitochondria and myofibrils, as well as a hypertrophy of myofibrillar ATPase type IIA muscle fibres and a reduction in number of type IIx low‐oxidative fibres. Together, these changes are compatible with a significant improvement in both muscle aerobic capacity and muscle strength. The use of v_1.5 and v_2.5 as the exercise intensities for 45 min elicited more significant adaptations in muscle, whereas conditioning horses at v₄ for 25 min evoked minimal changes. Most of these muscular adaptations returned towards the pre‐conditioning status after 5 weeks of inactivity. It is concluded that exercises of low or moderate intensities (in the range between v_1.5 and v_2.5) and long duration (45 min) are more effective for improving muscle features associated with stamina and power in sport horses than exercises of higher intensity (equivalent to v₄) and shorter duration (25 min).  相似文献   

The impact of road geometry and surface roughness on fuel consumption of logging trucks     

Gunnar Svenson  Dag Fjeld 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2016,31(5):526-536

Fuel accounts for more than 35% of transport costs in Swedish forestry, and reduced fuel consumption would provide immediate economic and environmental benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of road gradient, curvature and surface roughness on fuel consumption of a conventional 60-ton logging truck. The study used a 320-km test track on both public and forest roads. The track was driven with various load weights in both dry summer and wet autumn conditions. Fuel consumption data were retrieved from the truck's CAN-bus system, and road data were measured with a profilograph. Average fuel consumption was 71.4?litres/100?km. A regression analysis showed that the most important factor was the interaction between vehicle weight and gradient, explaining the 86% increase between empty and fully loaded truck. In addition, the regression analysis quantified the individual effects of undulation, curvature and surface roughness, explaining the 107% increase in fuel consumption between the highest and lowest road class. Results from the proposed regression model (R² of 84% for a road section length of 1000?m) were consistent with predictions given by the European ARTEMIS model, and the proposed model can be used to improve cost estimation and route selection.  相似文献   

Freely dissolved PCDD/F concentrations in the Frierfjord,Norway: comparing equilibrium passive sampling with “active” water sampling     

Gerard Cornelissen  Dag Broman  Kristoffer Næs 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(2):162-171

Introduction  

Equilibrium passive samplers consisting of 55-μm polyoxymethylene (POM) and 170-μm polydimethylsiloxane were tested for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin/furan (PCDD/F) in the pore water and overlying water of the Frierfjord, a bay in southern Norway. This fjord is heavily polluted with PCDD/Fs due to emissions from a former Mg smelter.  相似文献