Letters & Perspectives     

RR Pascoe AM 《Australian veterinary journal》2005,83(3):133-133

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Pronuclear Embryo Yield in Canindé and Saanen Goats for DNA Microinjection     

RR Moura  ES Lopes‐Junior  DIA Teixeira  IA Serova  LE Andreeva  LM Melo  VJF Freitas 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(5):e101-e106

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of donor breed on pronuclear‐stage embryo yield to be used for DNA microinjection in a transgenesis goat program. Twelve Canindé and twelve Saanen goats were heat synchronized using a progestagen‐cloprostenol treatment. Forty‐eight hours before the sponge removal, superovulation was induced with a total administration of 4.4 mg/kg bodyweight NIH‐FSH‐P1, given twice daily in decreasing doses over 3 days. In addition, goats received 100 μg of GnRH and they were hand‐mated at 36 and 48 h after progestagen removal. Embryo recovery was performed by oviduct flushing at 72 h after sponge removal. Embryos were microinjected with a DNA construct and noticeable swelling of the nuclei was the criterion for successful microinjection. The total diameter, cytoplasm diameter, zona pellucida thickness and pronuclei diameter were measured for each microinjected embryo. A higher (p < 0.05) percentage of fertilized ova was observed in Canindé (89.9%) than Saanen (36.2%) goats. In addition, Canindé donors produced a higher percentage of pronuclear embryos when compared with Saanen: 72.5% vs 20.6% (p < 0.05), respectively. Successful microinjection was verified in 96.7% and 73.3% of times in Canindé and Saanen embryos, respectively (p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed for all morphometric parameters except for cytoplasm diameter. In conclusion, under our study experimental conditions, Canindé were more efficient than Saanen goats concerning the pronuclear embryo yield and manipulation. The use of Canindé goats in transgenesis programs could be increase the interest in their breeding and could be contribute to saving them from extinction.  相似文献   

Epidemiological studies of pig diseases: 1. Use of French protocols for risk factor assessment to predict the health status of Australian herds     

JR BUDDLE  AR MERCY  SZ SKIRROW  F. MADEC  RR NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):274-281

Objective To determine in Australian pig herds the accuracy of French protocols for risk factor assessment.
Procedure Data on health indicators and risk factors were collected for three syndromes, 'pre-weaning diarrhoea', 'post-weaning diarrhoea' and 'respiratory problems', using the French protocols. The protocols were used on 118 occasions in 32 Western Australian pig herds during 3 years (1988 to 1991).
Results There was a wide variation in pre-weaning performance, for example growth rate was 107 to 273 g/day (< 200 g/day in 33% of herds). Respiratory lesions at weaning were associated with poor pre-weaning performance. Post-weaning (21 days after weaning) growth rate was 114 to 408 g/day (< 250 g/day in 54% of herds). In the grower herds, 91% of herds had pneumonia, and growth rate was 439 to 625 g/day (< 550 g/day in 54% of herds). Pleurisy as well as pneumonia was associated with reduced growth rate. The risk factor most closely associated with respiratory health status was air volume per pig.
Conclusion Risk factors were most accurate at predicting the health status in post-weaning problems. A weaning weight of at least 7.9 kg and weaning age of 30 days optimised weaner performance. Stocking densities and shed designs providing at least 3 m³ air volume and 0.6 m² floor space per pig throughout the growing phase should be considered for an improved respiratory health status. Australian pig sheds often do not provide a satisfactory environment for optimum health. The technique of risk factor assessment as an aid to the maintenance of health in pig herds is applicable in Australia, but further research is necessary to determine the most important Australian risk factors.  相似文献   

The Post‐Cervical Insemination does not Impair the Reproductive Performance of Primiparous Sows     

PE Sbardella  RR Ulguim  DL Fontana  CV Ferrari  ML Bernardi  I Wentz  FP Bortolozzo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2014,49(1):59-64

The study evaluated the reproductive performance of primiparous sows submitted to post‐cervical insemination (PCAI) compared with cervical artificial insemination (CAI). Difficulty with catheter introduction, the occurrence of bleeding or semen backflow during insemination, and volume and sperm cell backflow up to 60 min after insemination were also evaluated. Sows were homogenously distributed, according to body weight loss in lactation, lactation length, weaned piglets, weaning‐to‐oestrus interval and total born in previous farrowing, in two treatments: PCAI (n = 165) with 1.5 × 10⁹ sperm cells in 45 ml (2.4 ± 0.04 doses per sow) and CAI (n = 165) with 3 × 10⁹ sperm cells in 90 ml (2.5 ± 0.04 doses per sow). During PCAI, sows were inseminated in the absence of boars. Transabdominal real‐time ultrasonography was performed at oestrus onset, immediately before the first insemination and at 24 h after last insemination. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments in farrowing rate (91.5% × 89.1%) and litter size (12.5 × 11.9 piglets born, respectively for PCAI and CAI sows). Successful passage of the intrauterine catheter in all the inseminations was possible in 86.8% (165/190) of sows initially allocated to PCAI treatment. Difficulty of introducing the catheter in at least one insemination did not affect the reproductive performance of PCAI sows (P > 0.05). Bleeding during insemination did not affect (P > 0.05) the farrowing rate in both treatments, but litter size was reduced in CAI and PCAI sows (P ≤ 0.06). Percentage of spermatozoa present in backflow within 1 h after insemination was greater in CAI than PCAI sows (P < 0.01). More than 85% of primiparous sows can be successfully post‐cervical inseminated with doses containing 1.5 × 10⁹ sperm cells in the absence of the boar during insemination without impairing the reproductive performance.  相似文献   

Importance of sepals in fruit and seed development in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)     

D. P. S. Tomar  P. S. Deshmukh  S. K. Sinha 《Euphytica》1979,28(3):739-745

Summary The green sepals in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) persist till almost the time of fruit ripening. Since the plant retains very few leaves and the fruits are better exposed to receive sunlight, the green sepals may be important in fruit and seed development. Influence of the removal of 0, 1, 3 and 5 sepals on the day of anthesis, 7, 15 and 25 days after anthesis on fruit and seed development was examined. Excision of all the fine sepals on the day of anthesis stopped fruit and seed development in the varieties M 10 and NP (RR) 45 but in Mukta the reduction was about 55%. Removal of three sepals also decreased fruit growth in Mukta and NP (RR) 45. The effect of removal of sepals was more pronounced on the number of seeds per fruit than on seed weight. Sepals fixed ¹⁴CO₂ and translocated ¹⁴C to seeds. However, the ¹⁴CO₂ fixation was maximum at early stages of fruit development, whereas a higher percentage of the fixed ¹⁴C was translocated at later stages of growth. It is suggested that the sepal size in linseed could be a useful selection criterion.  相似文献   

Molecular tagging of Asiatic soybean rust resistance in exotic genotype EC 241780 reveals complementation of two genes          下载免费PDF全文

Tukaram J. Bhor  Vivek P. Chimote  Milind P. Deshmukh 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(1):70-77

Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi severely reduces seed yield in soybean. Molecular tagging of ASR resistance can help in the process of resistance breeding. In this study, an F₂ population of cross (susceptible cultivar ‘NRC 7’ × resistant exotic genotype EC 241780) was used for bulked segregant analysis (BSA) with 25 SSR (simple sequence repeat) primers linked with six Rpp genes. Among them, five polymorphic SSR markers, viz., Sct 187, SSR 1859, Satt 191 (Rpp1b like loci) and Satt 215, Sat_361 (Rpp2 loci) distinguished the ASR resistant and susceptible bulks and individuals. In combined marker analysis, the markers Satt 191 (Rpp1b like loci) and Satt 215 (Rpp2 loci) were linked with ASR severity score and were also confirmed in individual 110 F₂ segregants. Hence, these markers could be utilized in the marker assisted rust resistance breeding of Rpp1b like and Rpp2 genes. In silico candidate gene analysis for hypersensitive response revealed that Satt 191 linked region was rich in genes encoding apoptotic ATPase having leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) domain.  相似文献   

RAPD and ISSR fingerprinting in cultivated chickpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> L.) and its wild progenitor <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer reticulatum</Emphasis> Ladizinsky     

L. S. Rao  P. Usha Rani  P. S. Deshmukh  P. A. Kumar  S. K. Panguluri 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1235-1244

Detection of genetic relationships between 19 chickpea cultivars and five accessions of its wild progenitor Cicer reticulatum Ladizinsky were investigated by using RAPD and ISSR markers. On an average, six bands per primer were observed in RAPD analysis and 11 bands per primer in ISSR analysis. In RAPD, the wild accessions shared 77.8% polymorphic bands with chickpea cultivars, whereas they shared 79.6% polymorphic bands in ISSR analysis. In RAPD analysis 51.7% and 50.5% polymorphic bands were observed among wild accessions and chickpea cultivars, respectively. Similarly, 65.63% and 56.25% polymorphic bands were found in ISSR analysis. The dendrogram developed by pooling the data of RAPD and ISSR analysis revealed that the wild accessions and the ICCV lines showed similar pattern with the dendrogram of RAPD analysis. The ISSR analysis clearly indicated that even with six polymorphic primers, reliable estimation of genetic diversity could be obtained, while nearly 30 primers are required for RAPD. Moreover, RAPD can cause genotyping errors due to competition in the amplification of all RAPD fragments. The markers generated by ISSR and RAPD assays can provide practical information for the management of genetic resources. For the selection of good parental material in breeding programs the genetic data produced through ISSR can be used to correlate with the relationship measures based on pedigree data and morphological traits to minimize the individual inaccuracies in chickpea.  相似文献   

Nutritive value ofLeucaena leucocephala for growing bull calves     

B. N. Sobale  S. T. Kharat  V. L. Prasad  A. L. Joshi  D. V. Rangnekar  S. S. Deshmukh 《Tropical animal health and production》1978,10(1):237-241

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Fluorescent antibody test for rapid diagnosis of coronaviral enteritis of turkeys (bluecomb).   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

B L Patel  D R Deshmukh  B S Pomeroy 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(8):1265-1267

Intestinal tissues obtained from coronavirus-infected embryos and turkeys were examined by fluorescent antibody tissue section technique (FAT). Evidence of viral antigen was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the intestinal epithelial cells covering the villi. Embryo intestines that were examined from 24 to 96 hours after inoculation were positive for immunofluorescence (IF), whereas bursa of Fabricius was negative. Poults hatched from infected embryos were examined at 2 days of age and were positive for IF. Coronaviral antigen was detected by FAT in the cytoplasm of intestinal epithelial cells of the jejunum, ileum, duodenum, and cecum in all turkeys that were examined from 24 hours to 28 days.  相似文献   

Cutaneous melanoma in a calf     

D L Paikne  D L Kadhane  M S Deshmukh  V S Kannadkar 《The Indian veterinary journal》1971,48(6):631-632

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