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1.
In this work, the acute effects of copper, chromium and mixtures of both metals on females of the marine crab Carcinus maenas were investigated. The parameters indicative of toxicity were mortality and the activity of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione-S-tranferases (GST). LC50 values determined at 96 hr were 51.8 mg L-1 for copper, 49.8 mg L-1 for chromium and 15 mg L-1 Cu + 43.6 mg L-1 Cr for the mixture of both metals. Copper, chromium and the mixtures of both metals significantly inhibit haemolymph AChE, ovarian LDH and hepatopancreas GST after an in vivo exposure of 96 hr to concentrations lower than NOEC values for mortality. Furthermore, the mixtures tested showed a more pronounced effect than individual agents. 相似文献
2.
The effects of naphthalene on glycogen, lipid, phosphatases and esterase have been studied in the muscle and ovary of Intermoult marine female crab, Scylla serrata. Rearing the crab in increasing sublethal concentrations of naphthalene for 96 hr (i.e. 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020 mg L-1). The results show an overall decrease in the glycogen, lipid, alkaline phosphatase and esterase in muscle and ovary. On the other hand, acid phosphatase activity in the muscle and ovary has increased. 相似文献
3.
In 2013, we re-inventoried all lianas(C1 cm diameter measured at 1.3 m from the rooting point) in four1-ha permanent plots distributed one each in four sites of inland tropical dry evergreen forest on the Coromandel Coast(Pudukottai district) of peninsular India, established in 2003. Among the four sites, Shanmuganathapuram(SP)and Araiyapatti(AP) were much disturbed and the other two sites(Karisakkadu—KR and Maramadakki—MM)were moderately disturbed. We inventoried a total of 3425 lianas representing 37 species of 33 genera and 22 families.Over a decade(2003–2013) liana species richness increased at two sites(MM and SP) and no changes occurred at the other two sites. Liana abundance increased by 210, 211, 164 and 162 individuals at sites AP, KR, MM and SP, respectively, and basal area increased(from 1.09 to1.76 m2 at AP, 0.67 to 0.86 m2 at KR, 1.68 to 2.06 m2 at MM, and from 0.44 to 1.06 m2 at SP). Over a 10-year period, three species(Abrus precatorius, Canavalia virosa,and Cocculus hirsutus) were lost and five species(Gloriosa superba, Ampelocissus tomentosa, Capparis sepiaria,Aganosma cymosa and Tiliacora acuminata) were newly added. Total aboveground biomass increased by 18.5, 0.74,3.6 and 9.5 Mg ha-1, respectively, at sites AP, KR, MM and SP. 相似文献
4.
Elumalai Preetham Rubeena Abdul Salam Lakshmi Sreeja Anbazhagan Veerappan Arockiaraj Jesu Divya Mani Vijayakumar Sekar Vaseeharan Baskaralingam 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(3):1103-1120
Aquaculture International - Lectins are hemagglutinating glycoproteins which act as pathogen recognition receptors that can bind to the pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Shrimp lectin... 相似文献
5.
Alagarsamy Karthikeyan Anandaraj Madhanraj Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian Manikandan Ramesh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(5):769-782
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting approach was applied to assess genetic diversity in different accessions
of rejuvenating and intellect-promoting ancient ayurvedic medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell collected from four Southern Indian states, along with in vitro micropropagated samples maintained in the laboratory
for 5 years. With the 10 analyzed primers, 110 distinct bands, in the size range of 250–870 bp were observed, and among which
14 (12.72%) were polymorphic. Among the random primers used, only OPD 02 generated highest percentage of polymorphism with
30.77. Whereas OPD 08 generated a maximum of 18 amplified bands, but with only 1% polymorphism. Cluster analysis done on the
basis of similarity co-efficient generated from RAPD profiles indicated all the accessions were divided into two sub-groups
based on genetic distances under one major cluster. Major cluster is only the lone loose group of the Bm.2 collected from
Kerala (KER) and in vitro micropropagated plant (IVMP) maintained in the lab. The other sub-group consisted of Bm.1 and Bm.3
collected from Tamil Nadu (TN) and Andhra Pradesh (AP) respectively, which are genetically similar and showed similarity with
accessions from Karnataka Bm.4 (KK). These two sub-groups were joined together at 0.66 genetic distance level. Overall, the
levels of genetic similarity within the accessions varied from 0.24 to 0.80, the matrix ranged from 0.36 to 0.80, with a mean
value of 0.68 indicating genetic similarity at low level. 相似文献
6.
In an outdoor culture of Tubifex tubifex, occurrence of the larvae of Chironomus pulcher and C. calligaster was recorded. An increase in the density of Chironomus larvae reduced the standing biomass of tubifex and made the harvest impossible. 相似文献
7.
Takanori Yamazaki Toshiki Ishikawa Ganesh N. Pandian Keiichi Okazaki Kohsuke Haginoya Yuka Tachikawa Toshiaki Mitsui Kazuhisa Miyamoto Chanan Angusthanasombat Hidetaka Hori 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(2):125-131
Midgut juice of Plutellaxylostella strain PXR which is resistant to Cry1Ac was biochemically characterized relative to the susceptible PXS strain. The midgut juice of PXR (PXR-Juice) was shown to process Cry1Ac protoxin to 60 kDa active toxin with the same processing pattern as that of juice from PXS (PXS-Juice) in SDS–PAGE. PXS larvae which were given the Cry1Ac toxin pre-processed with PXR-Juice were killed with the same rate as that with Cry1Ac pre-activated by trypsin. PXR-Juice was found to contain three times larger amount of 66 kDa protein (P66) than PXS-Juice and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of P66 was matched to that of glucosinolate sulfatase in data base search. The protein band of P66 was coincided with the band of p-nitro phenyl sulfatase activity in zymogram. P66 purified to homogeneity in SDS-PAGE bound to Cry1Ac and soybean agglutinin, and KD for Cry1Ac was estimated to be 718 nM with surface plasmon resonance analysis. Using purified sulfatase, Km and Vmax were estimated and involvement of the enzyme in the PXR resistance was discussed. 相似文献
8.
Periyasamy Rathinapriya Lakkakula Satish Subramani Pandian Ramakrishnan Rameshkumar Manoharan Balasangeetha Kasinathan Rakkammal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(19):2857-2875
Abstract In recent decades, chemical fertilizers create a thread to organic agriculture and food security. To overcome this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of liquid seaweed extracts (LSEs) prepared from Padina boergesenii (PB) and Gracilaria edulis (GE) on growth, development, biochemical characteristics and yield traits of foxtail millet. The various concentrations of individual (20, 40, 60, and 80%; v/v) and combined (10?+?10, 20?+?20, 30?+?30, and 40?+?40%; v/v) PB and GE LSEs were supplied through foliar spray method. The results imply that germination bioassays, vegetative plant growth were significantly increased in lower concentration of LSEs. Further, exposure of foxtail plants to combined foliar spray application of (20?+?20%; v/v) LSEs enriched photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein, compared with single LSEs and control foliar spray methods. Additionally, LSEs enhanced the yield attributes such as the average number of seeds (971.5/panicle) and mean length of panicle (18.4?cm) in PB?+?GE LSEs (20?+?20%; v/v) treatment. This is the first report, to assess the synergistic biostimulant ability of PB and GE LSEs in plant growth, quality improvement and yield attributes of foxtail millet. In conclusion, this present study suggests that combination of PB?+?GE LSEs foliar spray application could serve as an ideal biostimulant and a potential alternate to hazards chemical fertilizer in the green agriculture. 相似文献
9.
Kannan Pandian Ponmani Subramaniayan Prabukumar Gnasekaran Swaminathan Chitraputhirapillai 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(9):1293-1310
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar and organic soil amendments on soil physicochemical and microbial load, carbon sequestration potential, nutrient uptake and yield of groundnut in acidic red soil under rainfed condition. Biochar was prepared from red gram, cotton, maize stalk and mesquite wood using pilot scale slow pyrolysis biochar unit. The above sources of biochar at the rate of 2.5 and 5 t ha?1 and enriched farmyard manure 0.75 t ha?1, composted coir pith 10 t ha?1 and arbuscular mycorrhizae 100 kg ha?1 were applied as basal with required nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. Biochar amendment at the rate of 5 t ha?1 reduced the bulk density from 1.41 to 1.36 g cm?3 and increased the soil moisture 2.5%. With respect to soil chemical changes, it raised soil pH from 5.7 to 6.3; increased the cation exchange capacity 1.4 cmol+ kg?1 and enhanced the carbon buildup 4.4 t ha?1. The significant differences in bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population were observed between biochar and control. The nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were better utilized under biochar and composted coir pith, which was 21, 5 and 20 kg ha?1 higher than control. The experimental results suggested that application of biochar to acidic red soil favoured good soil physical, chemical and biological environment, and these positive changes influenced growth and yield attributes and enhanced pod yield 29% over control. 相似文献
10.
Jayabalan Shilpha Tamilarasan Silambarasan Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian Manikandan Ramesh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(3):807-818
Solanum trilobatum L. is an Indian medicinal plant containing rich amount of steroidal glyco-alkoloids that can be used as precursor for commercial steroid production. Two efficient marker systems such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) were used for the first time to assess the genetic diversity across 14 S. trilobatum accessions obtained from five South Indian states. Twenty out of 60 RAPD primers generated 189 distinct bands of which 160 were polymorphic with an average of 8 polymorphic bands per primer. A maximum of up to 15 fragments were amplified with an average of 9.45 bands per primer and the amplicons varied in size between 100 and 3,000 bp. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 55.5 to 100, with an average of 84.6. ISSR profiling using 7 out of 20 primers amplified 83 bands and the number of amplified fragments varied from 2 to 16 with a size range of 200–1,800 bp. Totally 72 polymorphic bands were obtained using 7 ISSR primers at an average of 10.28 polymorphic bands per primer. Polymorphism percentage varied from 50 to 100 among the selected accessions resulting in an average percentage of polymorphism of 86.7. The PIC values ranged from 0.49 to 0.93 for RAPD and 0.16 to 0.90 for ISSR primers. The study pointed out that ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD markers in evaluating the degree of genetic variation in S. trilobatum. The UPGMA cluster analysis grouped all Tamil Nadu accessions in one cluster and other state accessions in another cluster. The Principal component analysis also substantiates this clustering pattern. Thus the phylogenetic relationship and a high genetic variation revealed in the present study could provide a baseline data for conservation and improvement of this plant in future. Also the molecular markers identified in this study will be helpful in authentication of this species to prevent adulteration in herbal medicine. 相似文献