Wie werden Wachstumsparameter von Gehölzen auf unterschiedlichen Standorten durch das Verschulen beeinflusst?     

Dr. Heike Bohne  A. Bremer  B. Baldin  D. Schlüter 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2005,47(4):87-91

The influence of transplanting on height, root neck diameter, and grading was investigated for Carpinus betulus, Quercus robur, and Euonymus europaeus on three sites with different climate and soil properties. Additionally, plant growth was characterized by the shoot-to-root ratio, height-to-root neck diameter, and proportions of coarse and fine roots. The significance of the growth parameters as criteria for survival is discussed. Transplanting influenced shoot growth more than root growth. The growth of the plants was highly site-dependent. Transplanting increased growth most on the site with the best conditions for water and N supply. Transplanting had no effect on grading for the site with the worst water supply.  相似文献   

Effect of aerosolized albuterol sulfate on resting energy expenditure determined by use of open-flow indirect calorimetry in horses with recurrent airway obstruction     

Mazan MR  Hoffman AM  Kuehn H  Deveney EF 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(2):235-242

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of sedation on stability of resistance of the respiratory system (RRS) and measures of resting energy expenditure (REE) by use of open-flow indirect calorimetry (IC) and treatment with aerosolized albuterol on REE in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). ANIMALS: 9 clinically normal horses and 8 horses with RAO. PROCEDURE: In phase 1, RRS was measured by using forced oscillometry (FOT) in 5 clinically normal horses before and after sedation with xylazine. In phase 2, REE was measured in 4 clinically normal horses between 20 and 25 minutes and again 35 to 40 minutes after sedation with xylazine. In phase 3, IC was performed between 20 and 25 minutes and FOT was performed between 30 and 35 minutes after xylazine administration in 8 horses with RAO; after administration of 450 microg of albuterol, IC and FOT were repeated. RESULTS: In phase 1, RRS values were significantly lower 5 and 10 minutes after sedation. In phase 2, diminishing sedation did not significantly affect REE. In phase 3, there was a significant decrease in mean RRS (1.15 +/- 0.25 vs 0.84 +/- 0.14 cm H20/L/s) and REE (30.68 +/- 17.89 vs 27.46 = 16.54 kcal/kg/d) after albuterol administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: FOT and IC are useful in obtaining repeatable measurements of RRS and REE, respectively, in sedated horses. Concurrent bronchodilation and decreased REE after albuterol administration suggest that increased work of breathing as a result of airway obstruction may contribute to increased energy demands in horses with RAO.  相似文献   

Diaphragmatic paralysis due to phrenic nerve degeneration in a llama     

Bedenice D  Mazan MR  Kuehn H  Hoffman AM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2002,16(5):603-606

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Genetic diversity of seeds from four German Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seed orchards     

Pakull  Birte  Eusemann  Pascal  Wojacki  Janine  Ahnert  Diana  Liesebach  Heike 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(6):1543-1557

European Journal of Forest Research - In Germany, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) is seen as a valuable species for future cultivation in times of climate change. Local seed production...  相似文献   

Virus infections of the European Eel in North Rhine Westphalian rivers     

Linna Danne  Lisa Horn  Anita Feldhaus  Daniel Fey  Sebastian Emde  Heike Schütze  Mikolaj Adamek  John Hellmann 《Journal of fish diseases》2022,45(1):69-76

Viral infections have been suggested to play a role in the decline of the panmictic population of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). However, despite the importance of knowledge about pathogenic eel viruses, little is known about their spread in the wild European eel population and only a few eel pathogenic viruses have been described so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the health status of the A. anguilla stock in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW) State of Germany. For this purpose, we examined tissue samples of 16 elvers, 100 yellow eels and 6 silver eels, sampled from the rivers Rhine, Lippe and Ems. Virus detection was performed via a combination of cell culture and PCR. Next to the detection of frequently encountered pathogenic eel viruses (anguillid herpesvirus 1 and eel virus European X (EVEX)), we isolated the eel picornavirus 1 (EPV-1) from tissue of yellow eels and elvers and demonstrate the distribution of EPV-1 in wild eel population in NRW.  相似文献   

Der Einfluß geometrischer Faktoren auf die H2O-Abgabe aus künstlichen Aggregaten und das Wachstum von Roggenkeimlingen     

Heike Bohne 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1986,149(1):28-36

The influence of geometric factors on the water release from artificial aggregates and growth of rye-seedlings Rye-sprouts were cultivated in pots on artificial aggregates of different sizes, but with altogether equal water contents in all variants, at high and low relative humidity. In the course of the experiment, growth of plants and delivery of water were measured. At the end of the experiment, dry- and fresh-matter of roots and sprouts as well as distribution of water within the aggregates were determined. With decreasing aggregate size growth and beginning of fading were accelerated. At low relative humidity the production of dry-matter was higher in case of smaller aggregates compared to larger ones. Delivery of water increased with decreasing aggregate size. The change in water content from the border of the aggregate towards the centre can be expressed as a straight line. The slope of the line increases with decreasing aggregate size. The slopes are modified by the influence of plants and climatic conditions. The water is extracted to a content lower than the permanent wilting point. This is more pronounced with small aggregates and a high evaporative demand.  相似文献   

Effects of antibiotics on soil microorganisms: time and nutrients influence pollution-induced community tolerance     

Heike Schmitt  Heidi Haapakangas 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2005,37(10):1882-1892

A method for the detection of the effects of antibiotics on soil microbial communities was optimised in the present study. We investigated the influence of measurement time and nutrient status on the pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT), using the sulfonamide sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) as model compound. The tolerance development in soil microcosms that were exposed to SCP under different conditions was compared with the background tolerance in SCP-unexposed microcosms. The tolerance of bacterial extracts from the soil microcosms was determined in Biolog^® multiwell plates as the SCP sensitivity of a range of physiological processes. The background tolerance was not affected by soil nutrient amendments, but an influence of the inoculum density in the microtiter plates was observed. Still, the variance of the background tolerance was low, which is in favour of the usage of community tolerance measurements for a selective detection of a toxicant impact. In line with the assumptions of the PICT concept, soil amendment with SCP led to an increase in community tolerance. This tolerance development was enhanced upon additional soil amendment with fresh pig slurry, and less by alfalfa meal addition. Tolerance increases were observed after a soil exposure to SCP of only 7 days, possibly because nutrient input facilitates the fast adaptation of the soil microbial community. However, a further increase in exposure time led to variable changes in the observed tolerance. Prolonged tolerance detection in the microtiter plates (11 days) enabled a clearer differentiation between different soil treatments, as it better resolved the EC₅₀ values of processes with a high tolerance to bacteriostatic antimicrobial compounds. For the detection of antibiotic effects on soil microbial communities, it is therefore recommended to use nutrient amendments (possibly fresh pig slurry), to standardize the soil exposure time, and to extend the period of Biolog plate measurement beyond 7 days.  相似文献   

A predator unmasked: life cycle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus from a genomic perspective     

Rendulic S  Jagtap P  Rosinus A  Eppinger M  Baar C  Lanz C  Keller H  Lambert C  Evans KJ  Goesmann A  Meyer F  Sockett RE  Schuster SC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5658):689-692

Predatory bacteria remain molecularly enigmatic, despite their presence in many microbial communities. Here we report the complete genome of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100, a predatory Gram-negative bacterium that invades and consumes other Gram-negative bacteria. Its surprisingly large genome shows no evidence of recent gene transfer from its prey. A plethora of paralogous gene families coding for enzymes, such as hydrolases and transporters, are used throughout the life cycle of B. bacteriovorus for prey entry, prey killing, and the uptake of complex molecules.  相似文献   

Carbon and nitrogen degradation on molecular scale of grass-derived pyrogenic organic material during 28 months of incubation in soil     

André Hilscher  Heike Knicker 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(2):261-270

The present study focuses on the microbial recalcitrance of pyrogenic organic material (PyOM) on a molecular scale. We performed microcosm incubation experiments using ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-enriched grass-derived PyOM mixed with a sub soil material taken from a Haplic Cambisol. Solid-state ¹³C and ¹⁵N NMR studies were conducted to elucidate the humification processes at different stages of PyOM degradation. The chemical structure of the remaining PyOM after incubation was clearly different from the initial pyrogenic material. The proportion of O-containing functional groups was increased, whereas that of aryl C and of N-containing heterocyclic structures had decreased, probably due to mineralisation and conversion to other C and N groups. After 20 months of incubation the aryl C loss reached up to 40% of the initial amount and up to 29% of the remaining PyOM C was assigned to carboxyl/carbonyl C and O-aryl C. These reactions alter the chemical and physical properties of the char residue and make it more available for further microbial attack but also for adsorption processes. Our study presents direct evidence for the degradation of N-heterocyclic domains in charred plant remains adding new aspects to the understanding of the N cycling in fire-affected ecosystems.  相似文献   

Variability of the quality and quantity of organic matter in soil affected by multiple wildfires     

María López-Martín  Marta Velasco-Molina  Heike Knicker 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):360-370

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